一种应用于时间交织模数转换器的低抖动延迟锁定环

设计了一种适用于时间交织模数转换器的低抖动延迟锁定环,实现了12相时钟输出和6倍频输出功能.论文提出了一种基于信号通路切换的鉴频鉴相器,有效减小了工艺、电压、温度等对延迟锁定环性能的影响,优化了环路的抖动性能.延迟锁定环采用65 nm CMOS工艺设计,芯片面积90μm×110μm,版图仿真验证其工作频率范围40~110 MHz,电路整体功耗1.6 mW,锁定时间小于1.2μs,均方根抖动为8.1 ps,可满足模数转换器对时钟的要求.论文所采用的切换型鉴频鉴相器,相比于传统的鉴频鉴相器,其输出时钟的均方根抖动减小了19.3 ps.     

基于数字延时锁相环的FPGA IO延时管理电路

本文提出了一种基于过采样量化器和换挡(Gear-Shift)控制机制的新颖的数字延时锁相环(DDLL),可以嵌入于FPGA芯片IO单元的延时管理系统,实现了IO单元数据通路延时的精确校正,分辨率达到78ps,可调节范围达4ns,满足FPGA芯片对高速串行接口协议复杂时序的兼容.DDLL使用独具特色的过采样量化器,仅使用1bit时间数字转换器(TDC)达到了98dB SNR,等效理论分辨率达16位,并引入了全新的Gear-Shift控制机制,对误差信息合理的加权实现快速精确的锁入,结合2阶巴特沃斯衰减的数字环路滤波器,实现全数字环路控制,较传统模拟延时锁相环,节省了芯片面积和功耗,同时对数字电路所产生的衬底噪声具有更好耐受.DDLL采用65nm数字工艺,嵌入复旦大学自主研发的FPGA芯片,经过后仿验证,锁定时间小于50cycles.     

基于PHEMT工艺的5 GHz锁相环芯片

给出了基于0.2 μm砷化镓赝晶高电子迁移率器件工艺设计的高速锁相环芯片的电路结构、性能分析与测试结果.芯片采用吉尔伯特结构的鉴相器和交叉耦合负阻差分环形压控振荡器,总面积为1.15 mm×0.75 mm.锁定时中心工作频率为4.44 GHz,锁定范围约为360 MHz,在100 kHz频偏处的单边带相位噪声约-107 dBc/Hz,经适当修改后可应用于光纤通信系统中的时钟数据恢复电路.     

快速锁定的宽频带CMOS锁相环设计

设计了一种可快速锁定的宽频带CMOS电荷泵锁相环电路.通过增加一个自适应带宽控制模块,当锁相环处于捕捉状态时,增加环路带宽实现快速锁定;锁相环接近锁定状态时,减小带宽,保证环路的稳定性和减小杂散.同时还设计了能工作在宽频率范围的压控振荡器.该锁相环基于0.25μm CMOS工艺,供电电压为2.5V时,工作范围在960～2 560MHz,功耗为8.9～23.2mW,锁定时间小于12μs.     

一种快速锁定数控锁相环

提出了一种快速锁定数控锁相环结构.该锁相环具有频率捕获模式和相位捕获模式2种工作模式.在频率捕获模式,通过提出的一种新的算法,可以迅速缩小参考时钟和反馈时钟之间的频率差.在相位捕获模式,数控锁相环能够达到更精确的相位锁定.为了验证提出的数控锁相环结构和算法,该数控锁相环电路采用SMIC0.18μm logic1P6M CMOS工艺实现,面积为0.2mm2,频率范围为48~416MHz.实测结果表明,数控锁相环只需要2个参考时钟周期就锁定在376MHz.数控锁相环锁定后功耗为11.394mW,峰峰值抖动为92ps,周期抖动为14.49ps.     

一种应用于FPGA时钟管理单元的锁相环设计

设计了一种应用于FPGA时钟管理的可变带宽锁相环.该锁相环采用开关电容滤波器实现可变电阻滤波功能,用反比N电流镜(N为反馈分频系数)来为电荷泵提供偏置,使电荷泵电流与偏置电路电流成1/N的比例关系.本文还提出了用虚拟开关减少了开关两端电压的非理想电荷效应,并设计了一种5级延时单元组成的环形压控振荡器,显著提升了输出频率范围.该锁相环实现了环路带宽与输入频率比值固定,从而使环路带宽能够自动跟随输入频率在较宽范围内变化,保证了其稳定性.本文采用CMOS 65nm数字工艺流片,电源电压为1.2V,作为时钟管理单元IP核嵌入于复旦大学自主研发的FDP5FPGA芯片中.测试表明,本文设计的PLL环路带宽在0.7MHz到13.4MHz能够跟随输入频率在18~252MHz范围内变化,输入频率与环路带宽比值近似为20,产生762MHz~1.7GHz的宽范围输出时钟,阻尼因子均方差不超过8%.     

一种基于FPGA快速进位链的时间数字转换电路

设计了一种基于FPGA快速进位链的时间-数字转换电路.该电路采用延迟内插技术,引入双链结构消除建立/保持时间对寄存器阵列输出结果的影响,并采用半周期平均延迟测试法,在Xilinx Virtex-4芯片上实测获得了59.19ps的分辨率.该电路采用使能控制模块将寄存器阵列输出结果的锁定时间控制在一个时钟周期内.使用FPGA Editor软件对该电路中单级延迟宏单元进行配置,并利用用户约束文件替代传统的手工布局布线,使得电路具有可移植性.此外,利用该电路对实测芯片中的CLB组合开关参数进行了测试,结果满足数据手册中提供的参数值的范围.     

通信系统中小型化频率合成器设计

文章针对通信接收机小型化的要求提出了一种接收机频率源的设计思路,采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M混合信号工艺设计锁相环(phase locked loop,PLL)电路结构,设计了一种具有快速锁定时间、较宽频率调谐范围、低相位噪声的电荷泵锁相环(charge pump phase locked loop,CPPLL)。使用Cadence Spectre对电路进行仿真,电路整体具有在输入参考频率23～600 MHz之间产生1.92～2.62 GHz的时钟信号功能。在中心频率2.3 GHz、偏移载波频率10 MHz的情况下,敏感单元环形压控振荡器的相位噪声为-112.9 dBc/Hz。进行版图设计后,对电路进行验证,设计出小型化频率合成器芯片。     

40Gbit/s甚短距离光传输系统发送模块的设计与实现

采用Altera公司的Stratix Ⅱ GX FPGA,实现40Gbit/s甚短距离光传输系统发送模块,重点阐述了16∶12转换器芯片的设计.首先基于高速收发器设计高速接口:在接收端采用2种方法实现SFI-5接口的17路数据相位对齐;在发送端由片外时钟驱动发送锁相环,同时增加同步措施,以满足高速收发器时钟管理单元对跨时钟域数据传输的要求,保证收发器的稳定工作.在此基础上,设计出便于后续测试的转换芯片时钟网络.同时设计出基于SDH的帧同步电路、去斜移电路和16∶12映射模块,实现数据从SFI-5接口向VSR-5接口的转换;其中去斜移电路能够动态地去除512bits的斜移量.在Signaltap Ⅱ下的测试结果验证了时序的正确性,误码率也符合小于10-12的设计指标.     

千兆以太网物理层时钟产生/倍频单片集成电路设计

给出了一个基于TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计的千兆以太网物理层时钟产生/倍频单片集成电路.芯片采用电荷泵结构的锁相环实现,包括环形压控振荡器、分频器、鉴频鉴相器、电荷泵和环路滤波器等模块,总面积为1.1 mm×0.8 mm.采用1.8 V单电源供电,测得在负载为50 Ω时电路的输出功率大于5 dBm.芯片在PCB板上键合实现锁相环路的闭环测试,测得锁定范围为130 MHz;当环路锁定在1 GHz时,振荡器输出信号的占空比为50.4%,rms抖动为5.4 ps,单边带相位噪声为-124 dBc/Hz@10 MHz.该电路适当调整可应用于千兆以太网IEEE802.3规范 1000BASE-X的物理层发信机设计.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.