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1.
本研究旨在对比不同植被类型下土壤提取液对相同植物物种凋落叶分解速率的影响。选取贵州茂兰国家级喀斯特自然保护区内典型先锋植物香叶树(Lindera communis)凋落叶,通过室内模拟控制温度、湿度的条件下对照分析几种分解的过程。室内模拟实验摸索性的研究表明:凋落叶分解初始阶段释放CO_2速率顺序为:非喀斯特森林样地喀斯特原生林样地喀斯特灌木林样地;分解速率上下波动大,先后出现分解速率较快和较慢两个阶段,最后分解阶段速率趋于一致;相关性分析结果表明,分解过程中喀斯特原生林与非喀斯特森林提取液分解香叶树凋落叶速率呈显著正相关关系(p0.05),两者呼吸速率显著正相关(p0.05);非喀斯特森林提取液与分解时间呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01)。检验结果表明,不同土壤微生物不同时间段分解凋落叶产生CO_2速率不显著(p0.05)。结论:喀斯特森林一旦退化,其功能退化明显;非喀斯特森林以及喀斯特原生林土壤微生物分解枯落物速率较快,土壤养分归还速率更快,而退化的喀斯特喀灌木林次之;喀斯特森林环境复杂多样,其生态功能随时间变化线性关系不明显。  相似文献   

2.
利用野外分解袋法分别对秦岭南坡油松和锐齿栎群落内凋落叶进行了为期24个月的分解试验.研究了凋落叶C释放过程及其与凋落叶分解过程中N、P释放和C/N、C/P比值变化的关系.研究结果表明:(1)油松群落凋落层(11265.58kg/hm2)C密度显著大于锐齿栎群落凋落层C密度(3047.31kg/hm2)(P<0.01),达到了3.7倍;(2)在凋落叶分解初期,2个群落凋落叶中碳含量均呈现先增加后下降的趋势,锐齿栎凋落叶C释放速率大于油松凋落叶C释放速率(P<0.01);(3)在两种群落类型凋落叶分解过程中,碳剩余百分率随时间变化规律符合Olson分解指数模型(R>0.81);(4)凋落叶C剩余百分率与凋落叶和N、P剩余百分率之间具有显著的二项式回归关系(锐齿栎凋落叶P剩余百分率除外),与凋落叶C/N、C/P呈显著的线性相关关系.凋落叶的C释放对凋落叶分解速率、养分元素的释放以及整个森林生态系统的物质循环过程产生显著的影响.  相似文献   

3.
用分解网袋和萘排除两种方法,研究土壤动物对凋落叶的分解效应,并分析了随海拔梯度变化黄山松凋落叶的分解动态。结果表明:在1 a的分解时间内,常绿阔叶林样地上未用萘处理的大孔分解袋内凋落叶的分解率为中孔的1.33倍、小孔的1.54倍;高山草甸上未用萘处理的大孔分解袋内凋落叶的分解率为中孔的1.12倍、小孔的1.22倍;土壤动物对凋落叶的分解有显著的促进作用,常绿阔叶林样地上土壤动物贡献率为32 %,而高山草甸土壤动物贡献率仅为5 %,土壤动物作用的骤减是高山草甸凋落叶分解速率较低的重要原因之一。随着海拔升高,温度降低,土壤动物类群数减少,活性下降,凋落叶的分解速率降低。凋落叶的分解受凋落叶基质质量、土壤动物类群、数量以及样地温度、降雨量等综合因素的影响。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究退化喀斯特森林养分循环特征,以黔中喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶次生林内的10个优势种凋落叶为对象,开展化学计量学特征研究。研究结果表明:凋落叶中C、N、P元素与凋落叶的质量比分别为(497.88±12.97)mg/g、(12.19±0.54)mg/g和(0.89±0.05)mg/g。m(C)∶m(N)、m(C)∶m(P)和m(N)∶m(P)值分别为43.17±2.07、620.03±42.33和14.60±0.81。不同生活型树种凋落叶中C和P元素与凋落叶的质量比及m(C)∶m(P)均表现为常绿树种大于落叶树种(P0.05)。凋落叶中N、P与凋落叶的质量比呈正相关。同其他研究结果相比,喀斯特地区树种凋落叶中C、N、P元素与凋落叶的质量比具有地域差异。黔中次生森林凋落叶中C、N、P与凋落叶的质量比普遍较高,凋落叶的分解速率较快,N、P元素成比例矿化释放,但是矿质养分和凋落叶的分解不受有机物与凋落叶质量比的影响。  相似文献   

5.
分析我国大空间尺度下气候对叶凋落物分解的调控机制,可以为预测中国生物地球循环对未来气候变化的响应提供理论基础和数据支持。针对我国大空间尺度下叶凋落物的分解建立数据库,中国叶凋落物平均分解速率为0. 726y-1,其中阔叶草本针叶。分解速率与年均温、年均降水、凋落物N、P和K含量正相关,而与凋落物C、纤维素和木质素含量负相关。本研究证明气候可以直接影响凋落物分解,但是并不支持气候通过凋落物性质而间接影响凋落物分解这一观点。年均降水和凋落物养分含量解释了全部叶凋落物分解速率85. 4%的变异,而年均降水和凋落物纤维素含量解释了阔叶凋落物分解速率84%的变异。这些结果表明,大空间尺度下,气候和凋落物性质直接影响着中国陆地叶凋落物分解,且气候比凋落物性质更重要。  相似文献   

6.
雪灾对武夷山毛竹林凋落物分解动态的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究雪灾干扰对森林生态系统物质循环与能量流动的影响,利用大样袋网袋法对武夷山3种程度受灾的毛竹林样地中凋落物的分解进行了连续1 a的观测研究。结果显示:毛竹凋落物的分解失重呈先快后慢的趋势,在夏季,不同样地毛竹凋落物分解速率随受灾程度的加重而显著加快,不同受灾样地秋冬两季凋落物分解速率没有显著差异,春季重度受灾竹林分解速率又显著快于中度与轻度受灾竹林。3种样地毛竹凋落物的分解动态符合Olson指数衰减模型,且分解系数k从大到小排序为:重度受灾样地、中度受灾样地、轻度受灾样地。不同受灾竹林凋落物的分解速率均与土壤温度、雪灾输入林地生物量呈显著正相关,与郁闭度呈显著负相关,与土壤湿度不相关。研究表明雪灾加快了森林生态系统的有机物质的分解。  相似文献   

7.
茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物量的动态研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对地处中亚热带的茂兰喀斯特森林的凋落物贮量、季节变化规律及年凋落量进行了研究。结果表明:茂兰喀斯特森林的年均凋落物量为2.86 t/hm2,与其他类型的森林相比,年均凋落物量较低。凋落物量各组分中,叶凋落量占绝大部分,常绿叶凋落量仅为落叶叶凋落量的1/2。在凋落量季节动态中,秋季(8至10月)为凋落量的高峰,且大多为落叶种类;而常绿种类叶凋落量全年较为平稳。这些规律是植物的生物生态学特性及对非地带性的喀斯特因素长期适应的结果。  相似文献   

8.
研究了8个树种凋落叶分解对土壤微生物数量和组成的影响.结果表明:凋落叶分解影响下的土壤中真菌数量比例明显高于对照土壤中的,说明真菌是凋落叶的重要分解者;凋落叶在分解前期,细菌所占比例最高,真菌和放线菌所占比例较低,而分解后期,细菌比例下降,真菌和放线菌比例上升;南洋楹、大叶相思、马占相思和荷木等树种凋落叶分解影响下的土壤微生物量较大,种类比较丰富,细菌所占比例较高,有较好的土壤微生物效应,而湿地松和马尾松凋落叶的土壤微生物效应则较差.  相似文献   

9.
不同凋落叶分解的土壤微生物效应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了8个树种凋落叶分解的土壤微生物效应.结果表明:凋落叶分解影响下的土壤与空白对照土壤相比,微生物生物量有明显提高,且分解越快的凋落叶,在其影响下土壤微生物生物量越大;南洋楹、大叶相思、马占相思和荷木等树种凋落叶分解影响下的土壤微生物量较大,有较好的土壤微生物效应,而湿地松和马尾松凋落叶的土壤微生物效应则较差.  相似文献   

10.
【目的】掌握森林凋落物产量及组成的动态变化、凋落物养分归还量及凋落物分解特征,了解凋落物在森林生态系统养分循环中的作用。【方法】选择神农架巴山冷杉天然林和人工林,在样地内布置凋落物收集框和凋落物分解袋,通过1 a的连续观测,比较天然林和人工林凋落物产量及分解速率的差异。【结果】巴山冷杉天然林和人工林年凋落物总量分别为6 217.44和4 833.46 kg/hm2,天然林比人工林年凋落物总量高28.63%。凋落物中以落叶为主,天然林和人工林落叶产量分别占凋落物总量的55.24%和54.76%;其次是落枝,分别占总量的22.18%和19.66%;树皮及花果等其他组分含量相对较少,分别占总量的22.58%和25.58%。巴山冷杉林凋落模式为双峰型,分别在10月和次年6月具有明显高峰期,而在次年2月凋落量最小。天然林和人工林凋落物养分年归还量分别为77.84和54.47 kg/hm2,天然林比人工林凋落物年养分归还量高4291%,5种大量元素年归还量大小顺序均为NKCaPMg。凋落物在初始阶段分解较快,天然林和人工林凋落物在最初2个月失重率分别达18.70%和11.35%。天然林和人工林凋落物分解常数分别为0.303和0.241,凋落物半衰期分别为1.70 a和2.57 a,而凋落物周转期分别为9.30 a和12.12 a。【结论】神农架巴山冷杉林凋落物产量较高,分解速率较慢,天然林凋落物对土壤的改良效果更好。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

14.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

17.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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