O（^3p）原子与乙醚和异丙醚化学反应速率常数的测定

用流动放电-化学发光技术测定了O(~3p)原子与乙醚和异丙醚总包二级反应速率常数。反应速率常数与温度关系可表达为k_1=(1.91±0.70)×10~(-11)exp[-(2.14±0.16)kcal·mol~(-1)/RT]·cm~3·molec.~(-1)·s~(-1) [O(~3p) 乙醚] k_2=(3.25±0.80)×10~(-11)exp[-(2.57±0.20)kcal·mol~(-1)/RT]·cm~3·molec.~(-1)·s~(-1) [O(~3p) 异丙醚] 还讨论了醚分子中氧原子对α-位C—H键能及其反应活化能的影响。结果表明,氧原子使α位C—H键能减弱而降低了反应活化能。     

甲烷部分氧化反应机理的键级守恒研究

用键级守恒－Ｍｏｒｓｅ势方法研究了甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应机理，以Ｎｉ晶面为模型催化剂，应用ＢＯＣ－ＭＰ方法计算了甲烷在有氧与无氧参与下的解离反应及ＣＯ和ＣＯ２生成反应中各基元反应的活化能垒和反应热焓。计算结果表明，无表面氧参与下的ＣＨ４直接解离途径更可能发生；由ＣＨ（ｓ）生成ＣＯ比由Ｃ（ｓ）更易进行。     

AlCl3催化1,1,1-三甲基-2,2,2-三氯二硅烷裂解的理论研究

结合采用DFT（B3LYP）及二级微扰方法对AlCl3催化1,1,1-三甲基-2,2,2-三氯二硅烷裂解反应的机理进行了研究.通过计算数据结果表明,此裂解反应为放热反应,理论产率比较高.反应可以同时按2种通道进行,其中通道2反应较为容易,其3步反应的焓变依次为：ΔH1（86.963 kJ.mol-1）,ΔH2（-237.596 kJ.mol-1）,ΔH3（-127.568 kJ.mol-1）.通道2的各步正反应活化能数值表明,第3步为速控步,其正反应的活化能E3为214.913 kJ.mol-1.     

短链醇酯与柴油混合燃料燃烧过程分析

为了解短链醇酯混合燃料的燃烧特性,在柴油机上燃用不同比例乙醇-碳酸二甲酯(DMC)-柴油多元混合含氧燃料,并运用Chemkin软件模拟缸内燃烧氧化动力学性质,探究含氧官能团对燃烧过程影响的机理.结果表明:由于短链醇酯燃料具有较高的汽化焓及较低的十六烷值,延缓了混合燃料的着火过程,故随混合燃料中乙醇和DMC掺混比例的增加,缸压曲线不断后移,压力峰值逐步降低;但由于着火延迟期内形成的可燃混合气量增多,使放热率峰值逐步上升.反应动力学结果显示:低温区活性自由基·OH主要由正庚烷(柴油替代物)脱氢生成,乙醇和DMC的加入能争夺低温反应区内的·OH,使反应活性较强的·OH转化为活泼性稍差的H_2O_2,抑制了整个燃烧过程,使着火延迟期变长;在高温阶段,乙醇分子中C—C和C—O键的断裂优于C—H和O—H键,而DMC主要发生C—O的裂解,C=O键因键能更高未断裂.     

H_2O_2氧化环己烷合成己二酸反应热力学计算与分析

计算了H2O2氧化环己烷合成己二酸体系中各反应的标准摩尔反应焓变、标准摩尔吉布斯自由能变及标准平衡常数.结果表明,在温度298.15 K-373.15 K范围内,各反应均为放热反应,在达平衡时几乎均可进行到底,制备己二酸适宜的H2O2与环己烷化学摩尔计量比为5:1~6:1.     

Al2O3催化下的取代β-羟基胺Schiff碱衍生物的C-C键裂解反应

探讨了中性Al2O3催化下的取代β-羟基胺Schiff碱衍生物的C—C键裂解反应,结果表明,在Al2O3存在下,由取代苯甲醛与1,2-二苯基-2-氨基乙醇形成的亚胺类化合物很容易通过逆ene反应过程发生α,β-C—C键断裂,且反应不受芳醛分子中邻位基团的影响.通过跟踪反应进程,提出了可能的反应机理.     

Ru改性碳纳米管催化甲醇分解的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论,运用VASP软件计算了甲醇在Ru改性单壁碳纳米管(Ru/CNTs)表面分解的全部基元反应所涉及的吸附能、活化能和部分反应速率常数,探究了甲醇在该催化剂表面的分解机理。根据吸附能确定了各物种的最优吸附位;其中,COH、CH和C最优吸附位是bridge~(Ru-C)(br1)位,其余物种的最优吸附位均为Top~(Ru)(T1)位。甲醇分解的第一步基元反应存在三条反应路径,即CH_3OH→CH_3+OH、CH_3OH→CH_2OH+H和CH_3OH→CH_3O+H;由活化能及反应速率常数分析可知,主反应路径为CH_3OH→CH_2OH→CHOH→COH→CO,即甲醇分解时其C—H键最易发生断裂,生成的CH_2OH分子经连续脱氢最终生成CO.因此,Ru/CNTs催化甲醇分解的主产物是CO和H,且不易积碳。     

N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲对醇及α-羟基酯的氧化作用

报道了N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲对羟基的氧化作用.结果表明N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲氧化伯醇及仲醇生成相应的醛或酮;氧化α-羟基酸生成少一个碳的醛或酮;而氧化α-羟基酯则生成相应的酮酯,当含有β-H时,氧化的同时发生溴代,一步生成溴代酮酯.该氧化剂性能优良,反应温和,产率明显高于NBS,如氧化溴化乳酸酯生成重要的医药、农药中间体α-溴代的丙酮酸酯,产率高达83%.     

O（^3p）原子与丙酮和3.3—2甲基—2—丁酮化学反应动力学研究

用流动微波放电—化学发光方法测定O(~3p)原子与CH_3COCH_3和CH_3COC(CH_3)_3的化学反应速率常数k=3.37±1.00×10~(-12)exp(-7.03±0.22kcal.mol~(-1)/RT) (丙酮 0(~3p),T=373-503K)和k=4.61±2.60×10~(-11)exp(-5.46±0.44kcal·mol~(-1)/RT) (3.3-2甲基-2-丁酮 O(~3p),T=303-503K)并就测定的O(~3p)原子与一系列酮分子反应速率常数进行了讨论,估算了O(~3p)原子与各类C—H键反应速率的Arrhenius参数。发现与羰基相邻的C—H键与O(~3p)反应的活化能要略大于非相邻的同类键反应的活化能。还根据Evans-Polanyi关系式,对这些键的键能进行了讨论。     

二氧化硫和烷烃的光化学烟雾形成研究

SO_2与烷烃在337nmN_2分子激光辐照下生成光化学烟雾。实验测量了烟雾的平均颗粒大小,烟雾的稳定散射光强度与N_2分子激光功率、烷烃的C—H键键能以及温度的关系,得到反应表观活化能为—16kcal/mole。结果表明光化反应的第一步是H原子提取反应,光化学烟雾是依靠van der Waals力将分子集合在一起的。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。