HNCO与 HF、HCl和HBr反应机理的理论化学研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31 G(d,p)水平上研究和比较了HNCO与HF、HCl和HBr加成反应的反应机理.通过优化计算找到了反应的过渡态,且振动分析确认了过渡态的结构,并用内禀反应坐标方法确定了能量最低反应路径.计算结果表明3个反应都是放热反应,反应中伴随着一个σ键和一个π键断裂的同时有2个新σ键生成.过渡态是四元环结构,由于卤化氢中卤原子电负性的不同,四元环形状有比较明显的差异.过渡态最显著特征是氢原子的转移.     

HNCO与XCH2OH(X=CH3、NH2、OH、F)反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31 G(d,p)水平上按BERNY能量梯度解析全参数优化了HNCO和XCH2OH(X=CH3、NH2、OH、F)反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,分别找到了这4个反应的过渡态,并通过振动频率分析确认了过渡态结构,通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算确认了最低能量反应途径(MEP).讨论了过渡态时的虚频振动模式,对各驻点进行了零点能(ZPE)校正,并计算了4个反应的活化能.研究结果表明,异氰酸的醇解反应是1个亲核加成反应,甲醇取代物和异氰酸分别是电子给体和电子受体,并且甲醇取代物的羟基氢在反应中发挥了重要作用;4个反应均为放热反应,反应中1个σ键和1个π键断裂,2个新的σ键生成;过渡态是四元环结构,由于CH3CH2OH、NH2CH2OH、OHCH2OH、FCH2OH分子中C、N、O、F原子电负性不同,四元环构型存在较明显的差异.     

X…Y(X=LiF,H3N,H2O; Y=HF,LiF)复合物中锂键、氢键的理论计算

在CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ水平下，对X…Y(X=LiF,H3N,H2O; Y=HF, LiF)复合物的9个结构进行几何构型优化和红外振动频率计算. 根据定域化分子轨道、原子自然电荷、Wiberg键级的分析表明HFLiF分子中的H-F键是共价键, 而Li-F键则为离子键而非共价键. H3N…Y (Y=HF，LiF)、H2O…Y (Y=HF，LiF)中的氢键或锂键源于静电相互作用, 并非共用电子的共价键. 结合能的计算表明: 与HF相比, LiF与X (X=LiF, H2O, NH3)的结合能更高;结合能从高到低依次为 LiF > NH3 > H2O. 红外振动频率分析表明HF与NH3、H2O形成红移氢键,即 H-F键长增加, 相应的H-F伸缩振动频率降低. H3N…LiF的Li-F键键长增加同时伸缩振动频率减少. 而LiF与H2O形成锂键后，键长增加0.016 ?，而Li-F的伸缩振动频率反而增加了2 cm-1 , 即蓝移锂键.     

布洛芬分子手性转变裸反应机理及水分子的催化作用——基于羰基和苯环作H迁移桥梁

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法和微扰理论的MP2方法,研究了布洛芬分子手性转变裸反应和水助质子从手性碳向羰基迁移的机理。分子结构分析表明:水助质子从手性碳向羰基迁移过程的8元环过渡态b TS2·2H_2O和10元环过渡态b TS2·3H_2O对应的氢键键角都远大于6元环过渡态b TS2·1H_2O;过渡态b TS2·2H2O的8元环结构基本共面,过渡态a_TS1·3H_2O和b TS2·3H_2O的10元环结构明显偏离平面。反应路径研究发现:标题反应有6条路径,分别是质子只以羰基氧、以甲基碳和羰基O及以羧基和苯环联合作桥,从手性C的一侧迁移到另一侧。势能面计算表明:质子以羧基和苯环联合作桥迁移的路径为优势反应路径,裸反应的决速步吉布斯自由能垒为287.1 k J·mol~(-1),2个水分子构成的链使决速步的吉布斯自由能垒降为144.9 k J·mol~(-1)。结果表明:布洛芬分子的手性转变存在多条可能的路径,水分子对布洛芬分子的H迁移异构反应有明显的催化作用,生命体内水分子的存在、温度的涨落、分子的频繁碰撞和某种酶的作用等综合因素,是导致左旋布洛芬旋光异构的原因。     

X…Y(X=LiF，NH3，H20;Y=HF，LiF) 复合物中锉键、氢键的理论计算

在CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ水平下,对X...Y(X=LiF,NH3,H2O; Y=HF,LiF)复合物的9个结构进行几何构型优化和红外振动频率计算根据定域化分子轨道、原子自然电荷、Wiberg键级的分析表明HFLiF分子中的H-F键是共价键,而Li-F键则为离子键而非共价键H3N...Y (Y=HF,LiF),H2O...Y (Y=HF,LiF)中的氢键或铿键源于静电相互作用,并非共用电子的共价键结合能的计算表明:与HF相比,LiF与X (X=LiF,H2O,NH3)的结合能更高;结合能从高到低依次为LiF gt; NH3 gt;H2O红外振动频率分析表明HF与NH3,H2O形成红移氢键,即H-F键长增加,相应的H-F伸缩振动频率降低H3N...LiF的Li-F键键长增加同时伸缩振动频率减少而LiF与H2O形成铿键后,键长增加0.001 6nm,而Li-F的伸缩振动频率反而增加了2c;m,即蓝移铿键.     

甲酰胺热分解反应机理的理论探讨

对甲酰胺的热分解反应进行了精确理论研究,在CAS（6,6）／6－21G优化构型的基础上,用CASPT2法做了单点能量校准,推测反应有2种途径：反应I经三元环过渡态形成NH3和CO产物,反应II经四元环过渡态形成H2和HNCO产物,这2个反应为一对竞争反应,并且有B3LYP,MP2和HF方法进行了对比分析。     

F2＋2HCl=2HF＋C12反应机理的密度泛函理论（DFT）研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法，在6-3l1G^**基组下，计算研究了反应F2 2HCl=2HF Cl2的机理。求得各可能反应途径的系列过渡态，并通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析加以证实。比较反应能垒(理论计算活化能)发现，题称反应若以分子与分子作用机理进行，则需克服的最大能垒为l50．63kJ／mol；若以F2分子先裂解为F原子再反应的机理进行，则需越过能垒154．82kJ／mol。求得反应F HCl→HF Cl的线形和三角形两种过渡态，以三角形较稳定；求得反应HCl Cl→H Cl2的两种过渡态，以线形较稳定。     

CH3与HO2自由基反应途径及位垒的计算研究

采用量子化学从头算中的QCISD方法，在cc-pvdz和cc-pvtz基组水平上对CH3 HO2反应机理进行了计算研究，结果表明，CH3与HO2双分子自由基反应是一个复杂反应，反应可以在不同的电子态下经数个产物通道进行．在HOz自由基上的H直接转移到甲基自由基生成CH4 O2的反应途径上，存在一个低于反应物能量8．49kJ／mol的分子复合物．直接氢转移反应的计算位垒为3．07kJ／mol。与实验值零位垒相近．由CH3OOH生成CH2O和H2O反应的过渡态呈四元环构型，且具有Cs对称性，基于IRC计算，证明了该过渡态引导CH3OOH生成CH2O和H2O的反应机理是一个分子内氢迁移和H2O消除的协同过程．对由反应物生成CH3O和OH自由基的反应，除存在协同机理外，还提出了另一可能的通道，即反应物沿单线态位能面经过一个分步反应完成．也即反应物先经无位垒过程产生CH3OOH及其异构体CH3(O)OH，其中CH3(O)OH发生解离反应生成CH3OH和单线态原子氧，然后原子氧转化为三线态再与CH3OH进行反应生成CH3O和OH．     

硝基甲烷正、负带电离子氢转移反应位垒的计算研究

采用DFT（UB3LYP）方法，在6—311＋＋G^＊＊基组水平上，计算研究了硝基甲烷2种带电结构[CH3NO2]^＋和[CH3NO2]^-分子内H原子向O原子转移后的O-N键的解离机理和反应位垒．结果表明，[CH3NO2]^＋发生氢转移后，O-N键的断裂是2步反应，第一步是分子内的H原子转移到O原子上，生成中间体[CH2N（OH）O]^＋，反应位垒为106．5kJ／mol；第二步是中间体中O-N键断裂，这步的反应位垒为105．5kJ／mol，理论计算得出的产物带电状态与实验一致．[CH3NO2]^-中H原子向O原子转移及O-N键断裂反应一步完成，生成一氢键复合物（H-Complex），该反应位垒为176．2kJ／mol，H—Complex进一步解离成CH2NO自由基和OH^-，或是OH自由基和[CH2NO]^-．     

氨基氰氢-迁移异构化反应的理论研究

利用Gaussian03程序,在B3LYP/6-311G＊＊的水平下对氨基氰分子的腈式、亚胺式异构体构型,氨基氰.H2O复合物的腈式、亚胺式异构体构型,氨基氰.HF复合物的腈式、亚胺式异构体构型,氨基氰.NH3复合物的腈式、亚胺式异构体构型的稳定构型、以及氢-迁移异构化反应过程中可能过渡态（TS）的结构进行全参数优化.根据主要几何构型参数,比较其对应物的相对稳定性;结果表明各复合物腈式结构较亚胺式稳定,氨基氰分子分别与H2O、HF、NH3形成复合物后,进行氢-迁移引起的互变异构反应的活化能大大降低,使反应较易进行;在298.15 K和1.0×10^5Pa下,气相氨基氰与甲二亚胺分子间的异构反应,各催化剂小分子的催化效能顺序为：NH3〉H2O〉HF.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.