汽轮机调节阀通流及损失特性研究

依据厂方提供的设计数据，在不同升程、不同压比条件下对汽轮机调节阀三维流场特性进行了数值模拟．研究结果表明：阀碟下方的空穴区占据了阀座喉部通流面积的一部分，使得有效的通流面积减小，影响了阀门的通流能力；阀碟附近是整个流场中全压损失最大的区域，占调节阀总损失的60％以上，阀腔以及阀座扩压段内的全压损失相对较小；在相对升程小于6％、压比小于0．7后，环形通道的末端将产生激波，激波带来较大的全压损失．为了提高额定工况下调节阀的通流能力，建议其相对升程应尽可能地提高．     

内凹型阀碟调节阀流场三维数值模拟研究

应用商业软件FLUENT6.2对600MW超临界汽轮机组的调节阀流场进行了全三维流动分析.利用UG实体建模软件对调节阀进行三维成型,通过Gambit网格划分软件对区域进行非结构化网格划分.在三维数值计算中,模拟分析了调节阀在100%、50%和30%三个工况开度下的流场特性.计算结果表明,由阀碟与阀座组成的环型通道是决定调节阀的主控通流能力、流场特性和稳定性三项气动性能的关键部位.文中所研究的调节阀的阀碟采用了内凹型设计,汽流自喉部喷射后,迅速脱离阀碟,并在阀座的曲线收敛段形成附着流,避免了流经阀碟表面的周向流体的过早掺混带来的能量损失.阀碟独特的结构设计使得调节阀在各种工况开度下有着较稳定的流动状态.     

Fluent在气流聚集型纺纱装置中的应用

利用fluent软件对气流聚集型纺纱装置中的气体流场进行建模、分网、加载,得到气流流经尘笼及抽气孔处的速度矢量和压力分布图.说明了纤维在气流场中的运动规律,为如何合理有效地利用气流技术加工出质量好、成本低的产品,以及利用气流技术发展新工艺、新方法提供了可靠的理论基础.数值模拟与试验结果对比表明:数值模拟结果与实际情况比较吻合.数值计算还可以进一步优化气流聚集型纺纱装置的结构参数,通过气流集聚,绝大多数纤维被纺入纱线内,使纱线强度、抗磨性及抗断裂性能增强,纱线表面更光滑,改善了纱线的品质.     

调节阀动态稳定性试验之信号处理

以无锡职业技术学院实训部原下属企业无锡智能仪器仪表公司开发生产的调节阀为研究对象,通过在阀座节流断面处、阀芯头部等阀体内各关键部位设置测点,利用微小型高频动态压力传感器及其采集系统,进行多种工况和多个方位的试验研究,对流场动态压力信号进行采集、处理和分析,探讨由于阀内气体流动引发的阀门工作的稳定性。     

调节阀内流型分布及利用声音突变判别流型转变的方法

针对流体诱发调节阀振动和噪声而影响汽轮机安全、稳定运行的问题,结合实验和数值模拟研究了阀内流型分布及流型与噪声、振动的关系。研究表明:在中小升程下调节阀内存在2种流型,其中附阀座流相对于冲击射流是一种更加稳定且噪声较小的流型;不同压比调节方式下,即使同一工况也会出现这2种流型;连续改变压比会出现一种声音突变现象,该现象由附阀座流和冲击射流的转变所致;利用声音突变可以确定调节阀在中小升程下流型区域的分布范围,可为判断数值模拟所得流型的正确性提供参考。     

基于FLUENT的喷气织机主喷嘴内流场的三维数值模拟

为研究喷气织机主喷嘴内流道中气流运动特性,利用Solidworks建立主喷嘴内流道的几何模型,并通过FLUENT采用标准κε二方程湍流模型对高压、高速可压缩的气流三维模型进行数值模拟.模拟结果表明,等效温度下的高压理想气流,从进气孔喷入内流道便产生湍流流动,而进入锥形区域后逐渐趋于稳定,并且气流速度在主喷嘴内流道喉部达到最大,同时压强达到最小.通过数值模拟,形象地呈现了喷气织机主喷嘴内流道的流场状况,对优化喷气织机主喷嘴内流道的相关参数具有参考价值.     

汽轮机调节阀全工况三维流场特性的数值研究

依据厂方提供的汽轮机调节阎原始设计和冷态试验数据以及电厂的运行反馈信息，对2种不同进汽方式的调节阀在全工况运行参数下进行了三维流场特性的数值模拟．研究结果表明，环形通道是主控通流能力、流动特性和稳定性的关键部分，其流场变化最为剧烈，小升程工况时在不足40mm的极短区间内马赫数可从0．1升至1．9．阀座内的流场特性表现为：小升程工况时主流集中于通道的中心部位；中等升程工况时在阀碟下方出现较大的空穴区，并有显著的回流特征，这不仅影响通流能力，更为不利的是会引起不稳定性流动；高升程工况时流场分布趋于均匀。     

液压锥阀阀口流场数值模拟与仿真分析

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术对液压锥阀流场内部流动情况进行了数值模拟.针对阀口附近压力梯度大、速度突变的特点,通过对该区的流线、流型及压力分布情况进行分析,发现由于高速流动和流体脱离而产生的低压区以及旋涡流动是阀内气穴产生的根本原因.该研究对于建立基于流场仿真预测阀口气穴的方法,以及对液压元件的气蚀、噪声控制都具有重要的参考价值.     

联合收获机惯性分离室内气固两相流数值模拟

利用Fluent软件中K-ε湍流模型和离散相模型对4ZTL-1800气吸式联合收获机惯性分离室气固两相流特征进行数值模拟计算分析．从流体动力学和湍流理论出发建立了气相湍流模型，根据牛顿第二定律建立了固相数学模型．通过建立的模型和边界条件模拟气体流动，利用双向耦合拉格朗日法追踪颗粒运动轨迹．通过数值计算，得到气流场压力分布规律以及颗粒相运动轨迹及其沉降和分离过程．研究结果为进一步改善惯性分离室内流场的分布规律，提高籽粒的沉降效率，减少气流的携带损失提供了依据．     

阀芯型面对燃气阀性能的影响

研究燃气阀阀芯型面对阀门性能的影响. 利用计算流体力学方法和动态网格技术对3种具有不同阀芯的燃气阀内流场进行模拟. 利用子程序计算了阀芯的运动情况,并用冷气实验对数值计算进行验证. 计算结果表明,凸面式阀门稳定较快,燃烧室压力较大且提供给气动元件的气流流量较大也较稳定;直线式、凸面式阀门在阀芯拐点处出现峰值且温度高于凹面式阀门温度峰值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the