青藏高原通天河盆地五道梁组介形虫壳体Mg／Ca和St／Ca地球化学特征及古环境意义

中新世早期膏藏高原腹地曾经发育了面积巨大的古大湖,此时恰逢青藏高原的快速隆升关键时期。为研究高原腹地在此期间环境的演化,对五道梁组中介形虫壳体的Mg／Ca和St／Ca的值进行了测试。通天河盆地五道粱组地层中的介形虫壳体的Mg／Ca和Sr／Ca数值的特征,结合剖面岩性特征,反映了23．8～21．8Ma前该湖泊区域气候由湿润-干旱-暖湿的演化趋势。其气候的变化可能是此时期青藏高原从快速隆升到剥蚀夷平后高原北部构造隆升活动的结果。该研究为进-步了解青藏高原腹地的古环境探索了一条新的途径。     

湖泊沉积物 Mg／Ca作为气候代用指标的局限性

Mg/Ca作为古气候古环境研究的代用指标已得到广泛应用,但是在湖泊沉积物研究中,由于不同区域局地环境的影响,湖泊中Mg/Ca变化的环境气候指示意义有很大差别,甚至出现相悖的情况。本文通过分析太湖沉积物Mg/Ca变化特征与区域环境变化的对应关系,与其他区域研究成果进行对比分析,探讨不同区域环境对湖泊沉积物Mg/Ca的影响。结果表明,湖泊沉积物Mg/Ca在特定区域环境影响下,有着不同的环境指示意义,该指标的应用需要认真研究当地环境的特殊性并与其他气候代用指标结合,以确保气候变化分析的准确性。     

有孔虫壳体 Sr/Ca对冰川旋回中海平面变化的响应

通过对东北印度洋MD 77181和MD 81349岩芯近260Ka以来浮游有孔虫Globigeri-noides saccu lifer壳体Sr/Ca值的波动分析,讨论了冰川旋回中古气候和环境的变化对海水中Sr/Ca值的影响。结果表明,冰期内海平面下降带来的诸多因素是促进东北印度洋区域的海水中Sr/Ca值升高的原因。有孔虫壳体Sr/Ca值的变化能够作为指示冰期川旋回,尤其是海平面变化的替代性指标。     

砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计:3种物种的对比分析

对采自南海西沙的3种不同种的现代砗磲(库氏砗磲、鳞砗磲、砗蚝)进行了高分辨率Sr/Ca比值分析.结果表明:库氏砗磲和鳞砗磲的Sr/Ca比值呈现出年周期变化并与实测的海表面温度(SST)形成较好的对应;而砗蚝的Sr/Ca比值年周期信号较弱且与温度的对应存在较大的不确定性.通过全年逐月或逐周对应和极端对应,我们共获得了两种砗磲的4个有效的Sr/Ca-SST方程,并能较好地作为Sr/Ca温度计进行温度恢复.对比不同种类的砗磲,其Sr/Ca分布有所不同,相应的Sr/Ca-SST方程也有一定的区别.这项研究为选择性地应用砗磲研究全新世气候变化提供了依据.     

Ca/Mg比值对古环境的指示意义及其影响因素

Ca/Mg比值作为古环境的判断指标已经得到广泛应用,但是由于其影响因素的多样性,导致其揭示的古气候意义还无法统一。本研究通过对济阳坳陷东营凹陷的坨712井、博16井、辛15井、梁28井、樊128井、樊31井的样品进行Ca、Mg元素的EDTA容量法分析,得出Ca/Mg比值对古环境的盐度、酸碱度具有指示作用,Ca/Mg比值与盐度和酸碱度均呈正相关,并分析了其影响因素;同时提出利用Ca/Mg比值进行相关研究时出现数值交叉或与所规定指标不相符的可能原因:(1)同一地区,同一时期的岩石,岩性发生了变化;(2)同一地区,相同岩性的岩石,不在同一层位;(3)同一地区,同一岩性的岩石,其母岩的来源不同。该研究为今后运用Ca/Mg比值恢复古环境和进行沉积相划分等研究工作提供了依据和参考。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组微量元素地球化学特征及环境指示意义

对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组不同层位的62件泥岩样品进行微量元素测试,并对35件泥岩样品进行常量元素测试,结合岩石学和古生物学特征对研究区的古沉积环境进行定量-半定量分析。研究表明,Li,Sr,Ni,Ga和Sr/Ba数值都指示研究区为淡水环境,偶有咸水注入;δU,U/Th,V/(V+Ni),V/Cr和Ni/Co数值指示研究区为半氧化半还原-氧化环境,局部存在还原环境;根据Co元素含量计算出延长组平均最大古水深59. 17 m,结合岩石学和古生物特征,认为长7最大古水深大于50 m; Sr/Cu,CaO/(MgO×Al2O3)和Mg/Ca数值指示研究区为温暖湿润的气候,气温略低于纸坊组时期。     

柴西北缘鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组泥岩地球化学特征及古环境

以柴达木盆地西北缘鄂博梁地区为例,通过痕量元素及稀土元素分析测试,结合沉积综合柱状图,探讨古近系下干柴沟组的古盐度、古气候和古氧化-还原条件等变化特征。样品具有明显的Eu负异常及轻微的Ce负异常,氧化-还原指标Ni/Co、V/Cr、U/Th一致指示氧化条件,古气候指标Sr/Cu值与Sr、Rb/Sr值指示的气候温湿变化趋势一致,古气候条件与Sr/Ba、Th/U判断出的古盐度变化相符合。古近纪青藏高原隆升高度较低且范围有限,鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组沉积期处在温暖湿润的淡水环境。     

青藏高原东缘中生代若尔盖古高原的发现及其地质意义

40 Ma B.P."原青藏高原"的提出使得青藏高原的早期隆升历史受到越来越多的关注,但其向东的延伸情况不明。青藏高原东缘若尔盖高原、龙门山冲断带和四川盆地有机地构建了一个完整的原-山-盆体系,成为揭示青藏高原隆升和生长的理想场所,而位于高原内部若尔盖地块的红参1井更为此提供了宝贵素材。基于红参1井的构造恢复和低温热年代学研究结果,结合区域上已有的低温热年代学和古高程数据,提出青藏高原东缘在早新生代印-亚大陆碰撞之前就已形成了高原,称之为若尔盖古高原,并从基底构造属性、构造变形、地壳缩短与增厚、沉积记录等方面对其进行了论证。红参1井钻井剖面构造恢复结果揭示所钻遇7 000余米的三叠系复理石层系实际上有46%的厚度是由构造重复所致,连同广泛发育的晚三叠世埃达克质花岗岩以及利用中性岩浆岩Sr/Y比值估算的地壳厚度,共同表明青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜地区在晚三叠世就已发生了实质性的地壳加厚。红参1井多重低温热年代学[锆石(U-Th)/He,磷灰石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He]测试结果揭示若尔盖地块分别在白垩纪中期(约120 Ma B.P.和约80 Ma B.P.)经历了2次快速的冷却事件,累计剥蚀厚度达5 km,之后转入极其缓慢的冷却过程,暗示其已进入高原化阶段;而在整个新生代期间处于近乎"零"剥蚀的状态而被动地抬升到现今高度(不同于常见的山脉隆升,地块隆升代表了一定范围的区域整体抬升)。因此,青藏高原东部若尔盖地块最晚在白垩纪末期就已形成高原,即若尔盖古高原,其范围可能包括三叠系复理石层系覆盖的大部分松潘-甘孜地区,并可能向西与羌塘古高原相连,构成羌塘-若尔盖古高原。若尔盖古高原的形成不仅造成四川盆地西缘在白垩纪中期出现了重要的物源转变,更重要的是加剧了青藏高原东缘白垩纪气候干旱化,出现了大量沙漠沉积和膏盐沉积。若尔盖古高原的发现不仅有助于深化对青藏高原隆升和生长过程的理解,也将引发对青藏高原形成机制的重新思考以及对其气候-环境-资源效应的关注。     

川东北气田储层微量元素及沉积环境分析

海相沉积碳酸盐岩微量元素值域变化对了解古海平面起伏变化、气候条件和及古沉积海水温度具有较大的意义。以PG1井为检验井,取其储层岩芯样品共计122组,分析微相元素纵向演化特征,判识其沉积环境。实验分析表明:Ca/Mg比值从下至上逐渐增大、飞一~飞二段边缘浅滩相的Ca/Mg值(约1.2)小于飞三段的潮坪相的Ca/Mg值(约2.0),说明飞一、飞二段白云化程度高于飞三段;因此其白云化岩较发育,是优势储层。长兴-飞仙关组Sr、Mn、Fe元素含量分别位于80~500μg/g、7~90μg/g、0.6%~1.4%之间,具有高Sr,低Fe、Mn的特征,二者白云岩化流体具有同源性,反映其白云岩成因是在封闭、淡水没有参与的体系下形成。研究认为:川东北晚二叠世-早三叠世气候非常干旱赤热,强烈的蒸发作用导致沉积物中的孔隙水及海水盐度慢慢增大,Mg2+逐渐置换了水体中的Ca2+离子,不仅有利于碳酸盐岩发生准同生白云岩化作用,同时有利于在台地两侧高能边缘礁滩沉积环境中发生埋藏白云岩化作用。     

有孔虫壳体δ44Ca的古海洋学意义

钙同位素是近些年被人们注意的海洋中阳离子同位素,为研究古海洋中钙同位素与海洋环境的变化状况,以东北印度洋MD81349岩芯为研究对象,由多接受杯电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ISOPROBE)获得了浮游有孔虫 Globigerinoides sacculifer 壳体92个样品的钙同位素组成δ44Ca值.研究表明:海水中δ44Ca变化记录在有孔虫的钙质壳体中,海洋生物的发育状况,冰期的高生产力和间冰期的低生产力极有可能是控制海水及有孔虫壳体δ44Ca值波动的主要原因.高生产力阶段Ca同位素分馏作用强,较多的轻质40Ca优先进入生物体内而使海水中44Ca升高,记录在有孔虫壳体中的δ44Ca值呈高值;相反,低生产力阶段Ca同位素分馏作用弱,海水中44Ca相对降低,记录在有孔虫壳体中的δ44Ca值呈低值.     

Quantitative reconstruction of the paleosalinity at Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years

Based on the function relationship between the shell length of Limnocythere inopinata and the salinity of its living water in Tibetan Plateau lakes, the paleosalinty of Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years was reconstructed through the measurement of the adult body length of Limnocythere inopinata. Meanwhile, the paleosalinity sequence of Qinghai Lake during the same period was rebuilt by the St/Ca ratio of the shell of Eucypris inflata combined with the St/Ca ratio of living ostracod valves from the species of genus Eucypris inflata and the host water. The paleosalinity results obtained by two different methods were compared and assessed in this paper. To check the result, it was also contrasted with other historical climatic sequences of this area including tree ring and ice core. It was shown that the paleosalinity sequence rebuilt by adult ostracod body length had high reliability, and the paleosalinity reconstruction method by trace elements of ostracod shells was not suitable for Qinghai Lake. From the reconstructed paleosalinty sequence of Qinghai Lake, it can be found that low salinity during 1160-1290 AD showed the humid climate condition on the Mediaeval Warm Period in this area, while the high salinity during 1410-1540 AD, 1610-1670 AD and 1770-1850 AD which was corresponding to the three cold pulses of the Little Ice Age with a dry climate condition. And the high salinity in the latest several decades was consistent with recent warm and dry trends of the climate in this area. The good consistency of the reconstructed palaeosalinity sequence and the precipitation sequence in this area rebuilt by tree ring proves the reconstruction of past lake salinity is reliable.     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

Quantitative reconstruction of the paleosalinity in the Daihai Lake, Inner Mongolia, China

Ostracods are small bivalved aquatic crustaceans. They secrete shells of low-Mg calcite that are often preserved in lake sediments. Recent work has shown that the uptake of trace elements (especially Mg and Sr) into the shell may be a function of the salinity and temperature of the host water. We measured Sr/Ca ratios in living ostracod valves from the species of genus Limnocythere cf. inopinata and Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios of the host water to calculate distribution coefficient of genus Limnocythere cf. inopinata in the Daihai Lake. A function for Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio and salinity was established by measuring a series of Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios and salinities of the lake water in different places of the Daihai Lake. Finally paleosalinities of the lake water were quantitatively reconstructed by the Sr/Ca ratios of ostracod shells of the same species in sediment core of the Daihai Lake.     

南极典型鸟类骨骼中的Ca、P、Sr的含量及Ca/P和Ca/Sr特征

应用同步辐射加速器X荧光技术(SR-XRF)和原子荧光光谱(AFS)对南极雪海燕(Pagodroma nivea)、贼鸥(Catharacta maccormicki)和三种典型企鹅(阿德利企鹅PygoscelisAdeliae、南极企鹅Pygoscelis antarctica、金图企鹅Pygoscelis gentoo)的新鲜翅骨和腿骨以及沉积物中的残骨进行微区扫描和定量分析,并使用AXIL软件对扫描图谱进行解读,获取骨骼中主要元素Ca、P和微量元素Sr的相对含量.元素Ca、P和Sr在骨骼皮质骨不同部位分布不均,Ca/P计数比变异系数为4.7%,Ca/Sr计数比和质量比变异系数都超过了70%.相比其他海鸟,企鹅骨骼中的Sr含量异常偏高,Ca/Sr计数比显著小于其他海鸟骨骼,表明该比值可能是一个识别企鹅和其他海鸟骨骼的替代性指标,并初步探讨了Sr含量异常的原因.     

Speleothem Mg,Sr and Ba records during the MIS 5c-d,and implications for paleoclimate change in NE Sichuan,Central China

Trace metals of Mg, Sr and Ba in a stalagmite (SZ2) collected from Suozi Cave in NE Sichuan, Central China, were analyzed with ICP-AES. The stalagmite was dated to have developed between 120 and 103 ka BP. Results indicate that the Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 varied between (9500-14700) 10 6 , (54-123) 10 6 and (31-82) 10 6 , respectively. The three records displayed significant millennial scale variations, which correlate with changes in past climate and environment. Lower values of Mg/Ca ratios and higher values of Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios of SZ2 occurred during relatively cold-dry marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d, while the opposite trend was observed during relatively warm-humid MIS 5c. Trace metals in speleothems can be affected by distribution coefficients or trace metal concentrations in solutions from which speleothems precipitate. Temperature is suggested to be the dominant controller of Mg/Ca ratios in SZ2, whereas the Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios may have been influenced by surface soil and atmospheric dust activities and prior calcite precipitation in Suozi Cave. Further investigations are warranted as to whether Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios were affected by temperature and growth rate of the speleothem. The shifts of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca records in SZ2 during the transition from MIS 5d to 5c apparently were earlier than the oxygen isotope record ( 18 O) of the same stalagmite. This possibly indicates (1) that atmospheric dust activity (the mechanism affecting SZ2 Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios) is closely related to temperature, and (2) that temperature changes (dominated by solar insolation) precedes change in speleothem 18 O records which are controlled by both summer monsoons and winter temperatures.     

Sea surface temperature variations recorded on coralline Sr／Ca ratios during Mid-Late Holocene in Leizhou Peninsula

High-resolution Sr/Ca ratios of two Porites corals from Leizhou Peninsula were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry (ICP-AES). TIMS U-Th dating reveals that the life-spans of the two corals are 489-500 AD and 539-530 BC, respectively. Monthly sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during these two periods can be reconstructed from their skeletal Sr/Ca ratios. The results reveal that SSTs during 539-530 BC were roughly the same as those during 1990-2000 AD in this area, indicating a relative warm climate period. However, the period of 489-500 AD was significantly cooler, with annual mean SST, the 10-a average of minimum monthly winter SSTs and the 10-a average of maximum monthly summer SSTs being about 2, 2.9 and 1℃ lower than that in the 1990s, respectively. Such climate patterns agree well with the phenological results recorded in the historic documents in other areas of China.     

High resolutionPorites Mg/Ca thermometer for the north of the South China Sea

High resolution Mg/Ca ratios in the skeleton of a Porites lutea from the coastal area in the North of the South China Sea were precisely analyzed by ICP-MS. Compared with the instrument measured SST records, the Mg/Ca ratios strongly correlate with the SSTs, even in time of 1982/83 El Nino. Therefore, a coral Mg/Ca thermometer for the North of the South China Sea was established. Based on ICP-MS technique it can report sea surface temperatures to an accuracy of ±0.5℃.     

Characteristics of tidal gravity changes in Lhasa, Tibet, China

Tidal gravity changes arise from the response of the solid Earth to the tidal forces of the Sun,Moon and planets close to the Earth,and are a comprehensive reflection of the structure and distribution of physical properties of the Earth’s interior.As a result,observations of tidal gravity changes are the basis of studies on other global and/or regional dynamic processes.The characteristics of tidal gravity changes in the region of the Tibetan Plateau were investigated through continuous gravity measurements recorded with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) installed in Lhasa over a year.Through contrast measurements with a spring gravimeter LaCoste-Romberg ET20 at the same site,the gravity observations in Lhasa were scaled to the international tidal gravity reference in Wuhan.Meanwhile,the scale factor of the SG was determined accurately as-777.358 ± 0.136 nm s-2V-1,which is about 2.2% less than the value provided by the manufacturer.The results indicate that the precision of the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa was very high.The standard deviation was 0.459 nm s-2,and the uncertainties of for the four main tidal waves (i.e.O 1,K 1,M 2 and S 2) were better than 0.006%.In addition,the observations of the diurnal gravity tides had an obvious pattern of nearly diurnal resonance.As a result,it is affirmed that the Lhasa station can provide a local tidal gravity reference for gravity measurements on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions.The loading effects of oceanic tides on tidal gravity observations in Lhasa are so weak that the resulting perturbations in the gravimetric factors are less than 0.6%.However,the loading effects of the local atmosphere on either the tidal or nontidal gravity observations are significant,although no seasonal variations were found.After removal of the atmospheric effects,the standard deviation of the SG observations in Lhasa decreased obviously from 2.009 to 0.459 nm s-2.Having removed the loading effects of oceanic tides and local atmosphere,it was found that the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa significantly differed by about 1% from those expected theoretically,which may be related to active tectonic movement and the extremely thick crust in the region of the Tibetan Plateau.A more-certain conclusion requires longer accumulation of SG data and further associated theoretical studies.     

Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

用ESR法研究M(OH)2(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)与V2O5焙烧过程中的固相反应

通过ESR研究结果发现V2 O5在焙烧过程中可以失去晶氧 ,生成V4 ;当加入一定量的Mg2 ,Ca2 ,Sr2 和Ba2 时 ,促进了这一反应的进行 .