高质量4kbit/s码速率语音编码算法研究

４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ有限状态代数码激励线性预测语音编码算法ＦＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ是一种具有延时较短、合成语音质量高、算法复杂度较低的语音编码算法。在线性预测（ＬＰ）参数量化上,利用了语音帧内和帧间的相关性,对线谱对（ＬＳＰ）参数使用预测式分裂式矢量量化,获得很高的量化效率。在自适应码本搜索上,采用了有限状态控制分数延时搜索的算法,在保证合成语音质量的同时,有效地降低了运算量。对于随机码本,采用了具有多模结构的代数码本,提高语音合成质量。对于激励码序列的增益,采用了预测式矢量量化,有效地提高了量化精度。经非正式听音测试,４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＦＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ的合成语音质量超过了北美８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＶＳＥＬＰ,接近Ｇ．７２９８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＣＳ－ＡＣＥＬＰ,ＭＯＳ分约为３．９。     

矢量量化法用于改进的多带激励声码器一种极低比特率语音编码方案

在低比特率语音编码方法中，改进的多带激励编码方法可得到低噪声和稳健性强的重建语音，但运算量很大．作者在改进的多带激励编码研究中，将矢量量化方法引入频谱幅度的量化，不仅降低了运算量而且降低了编码比特率，使得在１．３５～１．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的编码比特率下的重建语音，与４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ编码比特率下（按自激励声码器编码方法）重建的语音质量相比毫不逊色．     

矢量量化法用于改进的多带激励声码器—一种极低比特率语音…

在低比特率语音编码方法中，改进的多带激励编码方法可得到低噪声和稳健性强的重建语音，但运算量很大，作在改进的多带激励编码研究中，将矢量量化方法引入频谱幅度的量化，不仅降低了运算量而且降低了编码比特率，使得在１．３５￣１．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的编码比特率下的重建语音，与４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ编码比特率下（按自激励声码器编码方法）重建的语音质量相比毫不逊色。     

各种速率矢量和激励线性预测（VSELP）编码器的实现

研究并改进了矢量和激励线性预测，语音编码器，介绍了８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＶＳＥＬＰ编码方案的实现及在此基础上利用矢量量化ＬＰＣ参数，减少激励码本数和子块分裂等方法；改进的６．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ，４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ及２．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ ＶＳＥＬＰ的方案和结果。     

低码率语音编码中感知加权滤波器的一种新型算法

声学心理模型是对人听觉系统生理结构和人耳主观感知特性的数学抽象模型．这种模型已成功运用于宽带音频编码中．首次提出将声学心理模型原理应用于语音编码中感知加权滤波器的设计．通过对ＩＴＵＧ．７２３．１６．３／５．３ｋｂ／ｓ双速率编码算法中感知加权滤波器的改进,编码器的ＭＯＳ分可以改善０．１～０．３,而且新算法所要求的计算量仅比原算法大０．２６ＭＩＰＳ．基于声学心理模型的感知加权滤波器,与现有各类语音编码器中所用的感知加权滤波器相比,有自适应强、更符合人耳听觉特性、主观处理效果更佳的优点．     

一种高质量语音编解码专用芯片的设计

为满足中速率高质量语音通信系统的需要 ,采用数字信号处理器内核 (DSP Core)的方法 ,设计了具有国际电信联盟 (ITU )建议 G.72 9A语音编解码器、自适应回声抵消和单路同步功能的专用芯片。根据所用数字信号处理器内核的特点 ,对 G.72 9A算法进行了优化 ,降低了算法复杂度和所需存储空间 ,实现了 G.72 9A全部功能 ,并通过了全部ITU测试序列的检验。回声抵消部分使用归一化最小二乘(NL MS)自适应滤波器实现 ,并设计了近端语音活动性检测和非线性残余回声抑制等功能模块 ,使其性能完全符合 ITU建议 G.16 5各项指标要求。在单路同步模块中 ,使用了并行模二比特排除方法 ,具有同步扑捉快、抗信道误码能力强的优点。专用芯片使用较少的资源 ,在一块芯片上集成了以上全部功能     

实时低速率语音压缩编码的算法研究

针对数字化通信网及多媒体应用中低速率数字语音编码问题，以多带激励（ＭＢＥ）声码器为模型，采用了一些新算法去降低编码速率和改善音质。利用动态规划算法对基音周期进行平滑，去除了声码器中常有的音调噪声。利用ＬＰＣ全极点模型谱逼近ＭＢＥ谱包络，并采用共振峰增强技术来补偿模型误差，有效地降低了编码速率。为了能够实时实现这个编码系统，采用了分裂矢量量化，多级矢量量化和前向多层人工神经网络等技术进行优化和改善，使之在２．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ，１．２ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ及８００ｂｉｔ／ｓ等速率上实时实现了较高质量的语音压缩编码。     

16kb／s7kHz宽带语音编码器的研究

分析了宽带语音编解码过程中遇到的特殊问题和解决办法,并通过改进窄带语音ＴＣＸ算法（主要包括系统合成滤波器的移位和将频域矢量分成高低两个矢量）实现了宽带语音压缩编码．该算法的运算量仅相当于一般ＣＥＬＰ运算量的１／２,降低了对所用ＤＳＰ的速度要求．实验证明重建语音质量有了明显改善,信噪比提高近３ｄＢ,主观听觉质量也有明显改善．同时还分析了频域量化对该系统的编码噪声的影响,认为２ｂｉｔ／ｓａｍｐｌｅ来量化相位是比较恰当的,这样能充分发挥ＴＣＸ算法优越性,获得较理想的编码效果．     

一种改进的规则脉冲激励－长时预测语音编码方案

在对规则脉冲激励－长时预测语音编码方案（比特率为１３ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ）研究的基础上，提出了７．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ的改进方案，使编码速率大大降低．改进方案在长时预测分析中用部分搜索法代替了原来的全搜索，并采用矢量量化技术对预测残差信号进行量化．其硬件实现在ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０ＥＶＭ上完成，所用ＤＳＰ芯片为单片ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ３０．实验结果表明，合成语音质量与原方案十分接近．     

一种低码率声码器系统的设计及实现

在简单介绍Ｇ．７２３．１编解码算法及语音编解码协处理器ＣＴ８０２０后,给出了一种低码率声码器系统的硬件和软件设计及实现方法,着重讨论了该应用系统设计中有关语音数据同步传输等问题的主要处理方法。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。