悬臂梁双晶压电能量采集装置的实验探究

为提高双晶压电振子的发电能力,探究了一种悬臂梁式双晶压电能量采集装置的发电性能。实验研究了振动台频率、激励位移、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端质量块对悬臂梁式双晶压电能量采集装置输出电压和负载功率的影响,将两片双晶压电振子并联,探究了它们的发电性能。实验表明,存在谐振频率,使得输出电压最大;输出电压随着激励位移和负载阻值的增大而增大,并与激励位移呈一次函数关系;双晶压电振子外接匹配负载时,负载功率最大;随着质量块的质量在一定程度上的增加,输出电压随频率变化的曲线左移,峰值电压对应的频率变小;两片双晶压电振子并联且带匹配负载时,能有效提高负载功率。     

悬臂梁双压电振动能量采集器发电性能研究

为了收集环境中的振动能量,实现无线传感器网络节点等低能耗器件的自供电,针对电动机的机械振动,设计了一种可采集电动机振动能量的压电振动能量采集器。研究了电动机转速、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端固定不同质量永磁铁块对压电振动能量采集器输出电压和输出功率的影响。实验结果表明,负载上电压随着负载阻值的增大而增大;输出功率不随负载阻值和所加永磁铁质量的增大,而是存在一个最优负载和一个最佳质量的永磁铁,当电动机的振动频率等于悬臂梁双压电振子的固有频率时,输出功率达到最大,并与理论计算值接近。     

悬臂梁双压电振动能量采集器的发电性能

为了收集环境中的振动能量,实现无线传感器网络节点等低能耗器件的自供电,针对电动机的机械振动,设计了一种可采集电动机振动能量的压电振动能量采集器。研究了电动机转速、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端固定、不同质量永磁铁块对压电振动能量采集器输出电压和输出功率的影响。实验结果表明,负载上电压随着负载阻值的增大而增大;输出功率不随负载阻值和所加永磁铁质量的增大,而是存在一个最优负载和一个最佳质量的永磁铁。当电动机的振动频率等于悬臂梁双压电振子的固有频率时,输出功率达到最大;并与理论计算值接近。     

压电微悬臂梁振动能量采集器谐振频率和功率的研究

压电振动能量采集器可将自然界中广泛存在的机械振动能转换为电能,并且一直向微型化电源的目标迈进．为此,以矩形压电微悬臂梁结构作为换能单元,通过时压电层等效电流源和单相桥式整流电路的理论及相关公式的推导,得出微能量功率的计算公式．通过分析看出,在实际设计压电振动能量采集装置时,可采用适当增加质量块质量和减小梁长度的方式来满足整体结构在自然环境中实现低频谐振、获得较大的功率输出的设计要求．     

悬臂梁压电振子频率调谐和发电能力研究

研究了一种带末端质量块的悬臂梁压电振子的频率调谐能力。理论分析了悬臂梁压电振子的结构尺寸对压电振子谐振频率和发电能力的影响关系,并分别对长度调谐和质量调谐前后的压电振子发电能力进行实验测试和对比分析。结果表明,增加悬臂长度或末端质量可以降低压电振子的谐振频率,减少悬臂长度或末端质量可以提高压电振子的谐振频率,但为达到更好的发电效果,降频调谐时,应该采用质量调谐法提高压电振子的输出功率,而升频调谐时．应该采用长度调谐法提高压电振子的输出功率．     

微型压电及磁电式能量采集器的研究进展

无线传感器网络是二十一世纪影响人们生活的关键技术之一,具有广阔的应用前景,而微型能量采集器因最有可能代替传统电池为其节点供电,已成为国内外的研究热点。重点介绍了国内外压电式及磁电式微型能量采集器的研究进展;分析了其结构设计、器件性能,包括器件固有频率、输出电压以及输出功率等关键性参数,总结了其能量收集模块与能量储存模块的优缺点,对未来研究工作所面临的挑战及发展趋势进行了讨论。     

基于驻极体静电俘能器的优化设计与实验测试

针对环境中的低频振动能量,建立了一种双端固支梁振动式驻极体静电俘能器理论模型.利用Matlab/Simulink数值仿真对静电俘能器的各项关键参数进行了优化.分别研究了静电俘能器的输出功率、谐振频率、半功率带宽与驻极体表面电位、空气间隙以及负载电阻的关系.在研究中,外部激励加速度幅值及驻极体尺寸保持恒定.数值分析结果如下:(1)存在一个最佳表面电位使得静电俘能器的输出功率达到最大值,随着表面电位的增加,软弹簧效应逐渐增强使得俘能器谐振频率发生偏移,半功率带宽逐渐增大.(2)当表面电位一定时,存在一个最佳初始空气间隙使得功率达到最大,随着间隙的增大,半功率带宽随之减小.(3)当表面电位和空气间隙保持一定时,存在一个最佳负载使得功率达到最大,随着负载的减小,谐振频率发生偏移.(4)当空气间隙一定时,存在一个最佳负载使得带宽达到最大,且表面电位越大,相同负载下的带宽越大.实验测试了不同负载电阻下俘能器的输出特性:输出功率及半功率带宽都随着负载电阻的增大,先增大而后减小.当负载电阻为90MΩ时,对应的最大输出功率为0.188 mW;当负载电阻为330 MΩ时,对应的半功率带宽达到最大值为4.7Hz.     

环/柱结构磁电复合振子的磁控谐振频率偏移

从磁电耦合的角度,探讨磁场对环/柱结构压电/磁致伸缩复合振子谐振频率的调控作用.利用磁致伸缩Tb_xDy_(1-x)Fe_(2-y)(TDF)和压电材料Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3(PZT)构成的环柱磁电复合结构,分别从理论和实验两方面研究了磁场对复合振子谐振频率的影响.从压电相和磁致伸缩材相的本构方程出发,理论推导了压电相电容与磁场、谐振频率和材料参数的函数关系,数值模拟了环/柱状磁电复合振子的基频和一级谐振频率随磁场的变化;实验研究了环/柱状复合振子的谐振频率随磁场的偏移规律,即复合振子的基频和一级谐振频率都随磁场的增加先向高频偏移然后又转向低频方向偏移.当磁场为200 Oe时,谐振频率偏移量达到最大值,分别为9.50 kHz和3.50 kHz;数值模拟谐振频率偏移量与实验基本吻合.     

多悬臂梁压电振子频率分析及发电实验研究

为了提高悬臂梁压电振子的发电能力,设计并制作了多悬臂梁压电振子,采用有限元方法对多悬臂梁压电振子的有效工作频率进行了仿真分析,并且进行了实验验证.在此基础上,对多悬臂梁压电发电装置进行了压电发电实验测试.研究结果表明,多悬臂梁压电振子工作的谐振频率范围为56~65 Hz,与实验结果基本吻合.相比于单悬臂梁压电振子,多悬臂梁压电振子能有效地拓宽其谐振频带并提高压电发电能力.当多悬臂梁压电振子外接负载为820Ω、工作频率为60 Hz时,多悬臂梁压电发电装置的最大输出功率达到4.9 mW,产生的能量能够满足网络传感器等低耗能电子产品的供能需求.     

交流输电线路杆塔侧的电势能采集可行性研究

基于电容式电势能采集器采集交流输电杆塔周围空间的电势能,为安装于杆塔上的输电线路在线监测装置供电.文中首先分析了电容式电势能采集的电路模型和负载阻值对采集器输出功率的影响,得到了获取最大能量的条件.然后针对交流双回500 k V干字型输电杆塔的塔头电场分布情况进行了数值仿真,得到电势能采集器适合的安装位置.最后通过实验测量到直径40 cm、间距15 cm的电容式采集器在电场发生单元工频电压为50 k V时,24 s内采集的能量为5 m J,可以等效为208#W的输出功率,满足无线传感器的最小功率要求.实际的架空输电线路运行电压更高,如能在杆塔上有效利用高场强区域,优化电容采集器结构,则完全可能实现更高的功率输出,并最终为安装于杆塔上的在线监测装置供电.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.