宁夏一次突发性暴雨中小尺度系统分析

从天气事实出发，利用常规气象资料、多普勒雷达探测资料，对2004年8月3日上午发生在宁夏中宁县、吴忠市、红寺堡开发区等地的突发暴雨天气过程进行了深入分析，对此次突发性暴雨发生前后气象要素变化、环流背景、影响系统、大气层结稳定度及中小尺度系统发生发展特征等进行了分析与探讨．结果表明，这次突发性暴雨具有明显的中小尺度系统特征，主要影响系统为河西两高之间的横切变及低涡；较为深厚的中低层辐合为暖湿不稳定能量的贮存和短时强降水的产生与维持提供了有利的动力条件．在气象预报中有效地应用反射率因子、径向速度、风廓线、垂直液态含水量等多普勒雷达产品资料，有助于揭示中小尺度天气系统结构及演变趋势．     

一次区域性大暴雨的多普勒雷达资料分析

利用常规资料,加密观测资料,多普勒雷达强度、速度和风廓线资料等对本过程进行周密细致的分析.探讨了在副热带高压西进过程中与之相配合的大气环流形势和影响系统;揭示了造成两次强降水(1小时大于10mm以上)的不同原因和中小尺度系统存在的可能性;展示了暴雨过程中测站上空垂直风场的分布特点以及风廓线高低空急流下传和加强与强降水的密切关系,证明了强降水的产生主要由低空急流的下传和加强引起的.     

基于风廓线雷达的降水云分类方法在海南地区的应用

将风廓线雷达用于热带降水云体进行垂直探测,可以实时对热带地区降水云体进行较准确分类.通过对海口地区降水云系特征(2017年1月～12月)进行统计分析,提出一套基于风廓线雷达探测数据(回波强度、垂直速度和速度谱宽)的热带降水云体分类方法.以该方法为基础,结合天气雷达等观测资料,对2017年发生在海口地区的两次降水过程展开详细分析.结果表明:风廓线雷达具备较好体现降水云体垂直结构的能力,相比于天气雷达,风廓线雷达探测数据可以更精细地描述降水云系的变化趋势;相比于传统降水分类方案,采用以风廓线雷达探测数据为基础的分类方案可以提高对复杂降水类型识别的正确率;风廓线雷达可以更好地描述快速过境的高空微弱对流系统.     

一次副高控制下的南平市暴雨天气过程分析

利用自动站观测资料、多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达等资料,对2018年9月23日南平市暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明,此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压控制下,东亚大槽伸入副热带高压内部,低层为弱切变的情况下发生的。环境场表现为高能、高湿。风廓线雷达上可看到中小尺度的高空波动与低层切变系统位置叠置,影响时间集中,且有干冷空气的侵入,使得大气中的能量在短时间内大量释放,激发出强的短时降水。     

云南省大理州“2011.7.14”强降水过程诊断分析

 2011年7月14日云南省大理州出现大范围的大雨、暴雨天气过程.本文利用常规气象资料、风廓线雷达资料等,对强降水发生前的天气形势、物理量场特征及风廓线雷达资料特征等进行分析研究.结果表明：季风槽和切变线是这次强降水过程的主要影响系统;深厚的高湿气层的形成,为强降水的发生提供了足够的水汽条件;强降水发生前高层辐散低层辐合形势比较明显;高层的负涡度和强辐散对低层产生抽吸,促使低层辐合上升运动增强,触发对流不稳定能量释放.本州处于中低层不稳定的高能舌内;表征动力热力作用的综合诊断物理量E指数对强降水的落区有较好的指示意义;风廓线雷达资料中负垂直速度对降水出现时间及强度有一定预示作用;信号噪声比与降水强度有很好的对应关系;水平风资料能直观地反映出降水过程中的风场变化特征,强降水出现期间水平风随高度存在明显的不连续现象.     

一次暴雨过程局地水汽和热力动力条件的综合观测分析

应用多种非常规探测资料对2010年7月18日和19日大理发生的暴雨天气过程进行了分析,结果表明:GPS探测的大气可降水量对降水的发生具有较好的指示意义,大气可降水量的急剧增(减)过程,预示着降水即将出现(消亡);辐射和湍流通量在暴雨发生前,存在明显变化;风廓线雷达的水平风和垂直风在暴雨过程中有很好的指示意义.     

风廓线雷达资料在灰霾天气分析中的应用

利用上海徐家汇2014年9月~2015年2月风廓线雷达资料,分析了徐家汇上空水平风速与地面能见度的关系,结果表明,在800m~1600m高度上,水平风速小于10m/s,且持续时间长时,地面能见度下降,风速越小,能见度下降越明显;当水平风速小于5m/s时,则可能出现严重灰霾天气。结合风廓线资料,对一次灰霾天气进行分析,发现风廓线雷达探测风场具有实时性特点,能较快发现风向的变化,进而判断污染物的扩散方向和传送途径,能够对灰霾天气作出短时预报;在风廓线雷达垂直速度剖面图上,可以直观地看出某时刻400m~1600m存在上升气流,当大气的垂直上升运动明显时,会使近地面出现弱辐合区,形成小尺度局地环流,使污染物集聚,较易出现污染天气。     

风廓线雷达资料在福建省气象局的业务应用现状与展望

简要总结了近年来风廓线雷达探测资料在福建省气象局的业务应用情况。风廓线雷达数据质量控制技术的研究提升了风场数据的可靠性和准确性,拓展了风场数据的应用范围,但仍有改进的空间。风廓线雷达为实时监测、分析天气系统尤其是中小尺度天气系统的发生、发展提供了可能,为提高日常的强对流和台风预报预警准确率提供了技术支撑,同时也对福建省新型风场资料在预报上的应用起引领和示范作用。在今后的研究中应结合其他观测资料进行综合分析,开展不同类型天气的关键机制应用。其资料直接或二次开发后应用到天气监测、个例分析中,有利于加强预报员对中小尺度天气系统物理机制的进一步认识和理解,提高短时临近预报水平。风廓线雷达组网资料用于数值模式资料同化中,亦能有效改进模式效果,目前在福建省已开始业务运行,将在今后的批量观测系统试验中不断完善。     

三门峡市2012年7月4日短时暴雨过程诊断分析

基于常规观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和三门峡多普勒天气雷达资料,对2012年7月4日三门峡暴雨的环境条件、散度涡度场和中小尺度特征等进行了分析.结果表明:大暴雨过程中低层辐合高层辐散,促进气旋式涡度增加,上升运动增强;反之亦然.中层波动使得中低层辐合和中高层辐散更加深厚,进一步增强上升运动.西南暖湿气流北上受弱冷空气阻挡在三门峡地区堆积,为暴雨提供水汽和能量.南下的弱冷空气与辐合线和低层切变线组成强有力的触发抬升机制.暴雨期间多普勒天气雷达反射率因子、径向速度和风廓线产品,跟踪暴雨前后垂直方向风的变化和辐合系统,在强降水的临近预报中有较高的参考价值.     

多源探测资料在一次中尺度暴雨分析中的应用

利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站资料、多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达等多源探测资料,对2018年4月24日漳州中南部一次中尺度暴雨的形成机制、环境条件和雷达资料特征等进行了分析。结果表明,此次过程是发生在500hPa短波槽过境,地面弱冷空气南下的大尺度环流背景下,地面中尺度辐合线是此次过程的重要触发和维持机制,多普勒雷达的逆风区可作为中尺度暴雨发展成熟的标志之一;风廓线的水平风资料可以反映出水平风场的演变,从而对降水强度、持续时间做出预报,垂直速度对降水的开始、加强和减弱时间段有很好的指示作用,同时也是对流发展强度的重要判据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the