肌红蛋白在水/有机混合溶液中的电化学和电催化特性

用海藻酸钠（Sodium Alginate，SA）将肌红蛋白（Mb）固定在热裂解石墨电极表面，制备了Mb．SA膜修饰电极．包埋在SA膜中的Mb在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）和乙醇混合溶液中与电极直接传递电子，得到一对对称的Mb辅基血红素Fe（Ⅲ）／Fe（Ⅱ）电对的氧化还原峰，式电势为-0．339V（vs SCE）．式电势随PBSpH值增加而负移且成线性关系，直线斜率为-47．0mV／pH，说明肌红蛋白的电子传递过程伴随有质子的转移．并研究了Mb-SA膜修饰电极在PBS和乙醇混合溶液中催化还原H2O2和催化六氯乙烷脱氯，该修饰电极可用于H2O2和六氯乙烷的定量检测．     

纳米铁系金属制剂用于类Fenton氧化降解2,4-二氯苯酚

研究了3种纳米铁系金属制剂(nZVI、nZVI/Ni、nZVI/Pd)在类Fenton氧化法中对水中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)降解效率的影响,同时与纳米铁系金属制剂还原脱氯降解2,4-DCP效果比较.结果表明:1.0 g· L-1 Fe、100 mg·L-12,4-DCP,反应180 min,nZVI,nZVI/Ni,nZVI/Pd和Fe2+对水中2,4-DCP去除率分别为6.48％,6.80％,15.95％和5.02％;而在类Fenton氧化法中,nZVI,nZVI/Ni,nZVI/Pd和Fe2+对2,4-DCP去除率分别是57.87％,34.23％,27.94％和19.61％,清楚表明纳米双金属有催化还原脱氯活性,但在类Fenton法中,由于纳米双金属的催化活性导致H2O2分解,使得nZVI更有利于类Fenton氧化降解2,4-DCP.SEM、EDS和XRD表征说明:由于Fe2+溶出,nZVI在类Fenton反应前后的表面微观结构发生微小变化;FTIR与TOC(矿化率30.71％)结果进一步证明2,4-DCP被氧化降解.此外,条件实验发现pH和2,4-DCP初始质量浓度对类Fenton法降解2,4-DCP有较大的影响,其氧化降解过程符合伪一级动力学,是一个扩散控制过程.     

有机膨润土负载纳米铁类Fenton法去除水中2,4-二氯酚

利用十六烷基三甲基铵盐改性的膨润土(DK1),采用液相还原法制备DK1负载纳米零价铁(n ZVI/DK1),并结合类Fenton法研究水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除.分别考察了DK1吸附,n ZVI/DK1吸附还原,n ZVI/H2O2类Fenton氧化,n ZVI/DK1/H2O2类Fenton氧化四种方法对水溶液中2,4-DCP的去除效果,同时探讨了不同因素如初始p H值、H2O2浓度、n ZVI/DK1投加量、2,4-DCP初始质量浓度对2,4-DCP去除的影响.结果表明:DK1,n ZVI/DK1,n ZVI/H2O2,n ZVI/DK1/H2O2对2,4-DCP的去除率分别为29.0%,45.7%,20.2%,71.1%.深入研究不同因素对2,4-DCP去除效果影响的结果发现,p H值、H2O2浓度控制着Fe0在Fenton中活性以及催化性,从而显著影响着2,4-DCP的降解率.在p H 3.0,H2O2浓度为10 mmol·L-1,n ZVI/DK1投加量质量浓度为0.5 g·L-1,2,4-DCP初始质量浓度50mg·L-1时,2,4-DCP去除率达到93.4%.溶液COD去除率高达78.6%,进一步证明n ZVI/DK1在类Fenton法中具有吸附和降解性能.     

修饰电极结合双极膜技术去除水中2,4-DCP的研究

以制备的Pd/Ti电极作为阴极,CMC-PVA/CS-PVA(CMC:羧甲基纤维素钠;PVA:聚乙烯醇;CS:壳聚糖)双极膜作为隔膜,对2,4-DCP溶液进行处理,考察了不同电极、硫酸浓度、2,4-DCP初始浓度对2,4-DCP去除率的影响。结果表明,与空白Ti电极相比,Pd/Ti电极因具有更多的催化位点,处理时槽电压较未修饰的Ti网电极小,对2,4-DCP具有更强的去除能力,在c(硫酸)≥0.25 mol·L-1时,硫酸浓度与2,4-DCP初始浓度对2,4-DCP的去除率影响不大,电解200 min后,2,4-DCP的去除率达90%左右.     

纳米铁系金属制剂用于类Fenton氧化降解2,4-二氯苯酚

研究了3种纳米铁系金属制剂(nZVI、nZVI/Ni、nZVI/Pd)在类Fenton氧化法中对水中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)降解效率的影响,同时与纳米铁系金属制剂还原脱氯降解2,4-DCP效果比较.结果表明:1.0 g.L-1Fe、100 mg.L-12,4-DCP,反应180 min,nZVI,nZVI/Ni,nZVI/Pd和Fe2+对水中2,4-DCP去除率分别为6.48%,6.80%,15.95%和5.02%;而在类Fenton氧化法中,nZVI,nZVI/Ni,nZVI/Pd和Fe2+对2,4-DCP去除率分别是57.87%,34.23%,27.94%和19.61%,清楚表明纳米双金属有催化还原脱氯活性,但在类Fenton法中,由于纳米双金属的催化活性导致H2O2分解,使得nZVI更有利于类Fenton氧化降解2,4-DCP.SEM、EDS和XRD表征说明:由于Fe2+溶出,nZVI在类Fenton反应前后的表面微观结构发生微小变化;FTIR与TOC(矿化率30.71%)结果进一步证明2,4-DCP被氧化降解.此外,条件实验发现pH和2,4-DCP初始质量浓度对类Fenton法降解2,4-DCP有较大的影响,其氧化降解过程符合伪一级动力学,是一个扩散控制过程.     

植物生长调节剂对黄芪愈伤组织中次生代谢物质含量的影响

以膜荚黄芪幼叶为外植体,运用正交设计研究2,4-D、6-BA和NAA等3种植物生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织生产黄芪黄酮和黄芪皂苷的影响．结果表明对黄芪黄酮合成的影响顺序是：NAA〉6-BA〉2,4-D;对黄芪皂苷合成的影响顺序是：2,4-D〉6-BA〉NAA．生产黄芪黄酮和黄芪皂苷的最佳培养基分别为;MS＋2,4-D（0．5mg·L^-1）＋6-BA（1．0mg·L^-1）＋NAA（2．0mg·L^-1和MS＋2,4-D（2．0mg·L^-1）＋6-BA（2．0mg·L^-1）＋NAA（1．0mg·L^-1）．细胞伸长有利于愈伤组织中次生代谢物质的合成．     

卤素离子对甲基咪唑在铜电极表面增强拉曼光谱的增敏作用

摘要：考察了卤素离子种类（C1^-、Br^-、I^-）及浓度对于甲基咪唑（MMI）在铜电极表面的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）的影响．当MMI组装浓度为1×10^-5mol·L^-1时，加入0．1mol·L^-1KCl溶液能得到清晰的MMI的SERS光谱．而当组装浓度为1×10-mol·L^-1时，加入饱和KCl溶液也可以得到MMI的SERS光谱．结果表明：对于此类体系其他卤素离子（Br^-、I^-）对于MMI的SERS信号同样有增强作用．     

南方红豆杉的愈伤组织培养研究

以南方红豆杉（Taxus chinensis var．mairei Cheng et L．K．Fu）的营养器官嫩茎、叶和叶柄等为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导研究,试验结果表明：（1）各外植体中诱导愈伤组织的难易程度为叶柄处〉叶片〉茎段;（2）2,4-D比NKA更有利于愈伤组织的形成;（3）B5比MS培养基更有利于愈伤组织的形成,因此诱导南方红豆杉产生愈伤组织的最佳培养基配方是：B5＋2,4-D4．0mg·L^-1。＋ABT生根粉0．3g·L^-1,愈伤组织的诱导率达93％;（4）继代增殖培养的配方B5＋2,4-D0．1mg·L^-1＋ABT生根粉0．1g·L^-1,增殖系数可达3．6．     

铬（Ⅵ）-晶紫-氧化氢体系催化动力学光谱法测定痕量铬（Ⅵ）

75℃温度下，在硫酸介质中，铬（Ⅵ）能显著催化过氧化氢氧化结晶紫褪色反应，铬（Ⅵ）浓度在一定范围内与催化和非催化反应的吸光度差值（△A）成线性关系，且△A在较长时间内稳定，以此建立起动力学光度法测定痕量铬（Ⅵ）的新方法．实验研究了该反应的动力学行为，确定了最佳反应条件．方法线性范围为0～96μg·L^-1，其线性回归方程为△A=0．0033＋0．1401C（Ⅵ）（μg·25mL^-1），r=0．9985，检出限为6．91μg·L^-1．本方法操作简单，选择性好，可用于电镀废水、工业废水和湖水样品中有毒金属铬（Ⅵ）含量的分析测定．     

活化微碳圆盘电极用于鸟嘌呤测定的研究

以活化微碳圆盘电极为工作电极,铂电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,研究了鸟嘌呤的电化学行为。在pH=8.20的Britton-Robinson（B-R）缓冲溶液中,鸟嘌呤于0.780 V有一氧化峰。工作电极在1.0 mol·L^-1的NaOH溶液中活化5 min后,鸟嘌呤氧化电流响应明显提高。氧化峰电流和鸟嘌呤浓度在1.0×10^-6～1.0×10^-4 mol·L^-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为6.0×10^-8 mol·L^-1。对5.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1鸟嘌呤溶液进行10次的连续重复测定,相对标准偏差为4.30%,表明稳定性良好。这种法操作简便、快速灵敏,用于实际样品阿昔洛韦片中鸟嘌呤含量的测定,结果满意。     

生物膜电极法降解2,4-二氯苯酚

以2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）为目标污染物, 在隔膜式电解槽中研究不同离子交换膜对生物膜电极法处理2,4-DCP的影响. 结果表明: 阴离子交换膜有利于2,4-DCP在生物膜电极上的转化及去除中间产物; 生物膜电极保存的时间越长, 其对2,4-DCP的降解效果越差, 生物膜电极的使用寿命逐渐下降.     

Characterization of nanoscale iron and its degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Nanoscale iron was detected by TEM, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the size of the nanoscale iron particles is in the range of 30–40 nm according to TEM image, and it contains abundant Fe₃O₄ as passivating layers on the surface of the core-shell structure. To improve its performance, dilute HCl was used for the removal of the passivating layers, and the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was measured for the nanoscale iron samples treated and untreated. Experimental results demonstrated that the removal of 2,4-DCP by untreated nanoscale iron is mainly due to the adsorption of 2, 4-DCP by nanoscale iron, and there are no degradation products detected by HPLC in the process. However, excellent dechlorination of 2,4-DCP was gained by HCl-treated nanoscale iron, and 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and phenol were detected during the process. It was concluded that dechlorination is the key reaction pathway for the degradation of 2,4-DCP by activated nanoscale iron, and phenol is found to be the main product.     

日光/草酸铁络合物/H_2O_2降解水中2,4-二氯苯酚

以日光作光源 ,Fenton 草酸铁络合物为光氧化剂 ,对水中 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚进行了光氧化降解试验研究。结果表明 :草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解 2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的速率显著高于Fenton试剂 ,前者的光解初始速率大约是后者的 4倍 ;溶液 pH值对光氧化有很大影响 ,pH值在 3左右 ,2 ,4 -二氯苯酚的光降解脱氯的效果较佳 ,pH超过 4 ,光降解脱氯效率明显下降 ;在晴天和多云日照下草酸铁络合物 /H2 O2 光氧化降解有机物的速率很快 ,在阴天的光解速率相对较慢 ,但效率仍然很高     

羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及吸附性能的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶方法,在羟基磷灰石表面合成了硅烷复合材料,用红外光谱、氮吸附对材料进行了表征,并初步试验了材料的吸附性能.实验结果表明,该材料对2,4-二氯苯酚具有较好的吸附性能.     

介孔SiO2固定化漆酶降解2,4DCP

以M-NH2-SiO2为载体,戊二醛为交联剂制备固定化漆酶,研究2,4-DCP(2,4-二氯苯酚)浓度、溶液酸度、温度对固定化漆酶降解2,4-DCP的影响.结果表明,固定化漆酶降解2,4-DCP最佳条件为:当2,4-DCP质量浓度为5mg.L-1,溶液pH为5.5,温度为30℃时,降解去除率为42.28%.固定化漆酶具有最大活性时的溶液pH值相比于自由酶的最佳pH向碱性偏移;与自由漆酶相比,固定化漆酶有良好的稳定性和重复使用性.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol catalyzed by the immobilized laccase with the carrier of Fe3O4@MSS–NH2

With the Fe₃O₄@MSS (magnetic mesoporous silica spheres)–NH₂ as the carrier and the glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, the immobilized laccase has been prepared and characterized by XRD, IR, SEM and BET etc. Under the optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP reached 88 % and the removal efficiency still remained 61.5 % after five cycles of operations. In virtue of GC–MS analysis, 2,5-dimethoxyl-1,4-quinone, 2-chlorine-1,4-dimethoxyl benzene, 3,3′-dichlorine-4,4′-dimethoxyl biphenyl, maleic acid phenol ester, and three kinds of maleic acid, alcohol ester, and para-hydroxyl phenol ester compounds have been identified as intermediate and final degradation products of 2,4-DCP, respectively. Besides, the degradation products of 2,4-DCP have been confirmed by performing the ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR experiments, further demonstrating the degradation mechanism of 2,4-DCP by the immobilized laccase.     

活性炭对2,4-二氯苯酚的催化臭氧化降解(英文)

研究了粒状活性炭(GAC)对2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)臭氧化降解的催化性能。由于活性炭的吸附和催化作用,提高了2,4-DCP的分解。在酸性条件下具有较高的催化臭氧化效率,而酸性和碱性的强弱对2,4-DCP的分解几乎没有影响。活性炭的重复使用实验表明活性炭在臭氧化处理过程中可以得到原位再生,多次使用后其催化活性几乎没有降低。     

Dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic conditions

Metal nanoparticles are effective for remediation of contamination with a range of compounds including chlorinated organics.However,the sorption process of the passivation oxide layers on the metal nanoparticle surfaces may result in incomplete degradation of contaminants.This phenomenon can be prevented by an acidic washing procedure or reaction in an acidic medium.In this paper,nickel nanoparticles manufactured via the carbonyl powder process were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The sorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions was then investigated.Transmission electron microscopy and XRD results showed that the nickel nanoparticles range in size from 10 to 20 nm,and a thin passivation layer of NiO is present on the surface.This oxide layer can be removed by pretreatment washing with acidic solutions.It was indicated that dechlorination was the key reaction pathway for degradation of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions.The main degradation products were 4-Chlorophenol,2-Chlorophenol,and Phenol,and among these,Phenol was dominant.The acidic medium promoted degradation by providing an appropriate pH,and H+ may be involved in the reaction.Dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic condition follows the second order kinetic model,and the rate constants at 298,306,316 K are 0.02,0.2 and 0.3 (g L h)-1,respectively.     

纳米ZnO光催化降解有毒有机污染物

分别以硝酸锌,醋酸锌,氯化锌和硫酸锌为锌源采用水热法制备了纳米ZnO,通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对ZnO进行了表征,结果表明：四类锌源制备的ZnO均为六方晶系的纤锌矿结构,尺寸在23.9～62.6 nm.在紫外光照射下以罗丹明B（Rhodamine B,RhB）和2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-Dichlorophenol,2,4-DCP）的光催化降解为探针反应,研究了介质pH条件和催化剂用量等对光催化反应的影响,表明pH=6.2和催化剂用量为0.4 g.L-1条件下以硝酸锌为锌源制备的ZnO活性最好,60 min内RhB褪色完全,120 min内2,4-DCP降解率达到97%.通过总有机碳（TOC）的测定,发现6 h内RhB矿化率达到95.2%.采用辣根过氧化物酶（POD）法和苯甲酸荧光光度法分别测定了体系中H2O2和羟基自由基（.OH）的变化,表明其光催化反应机理涉及.OH历程.     

Quantitative structure activity relationship and toxicity mechanisms of chlorophenols on cells <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazd-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylentrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to investigate the acute toxicity of 8 different chlorophenols (CPs) on rat connective tissue fibroblast L929 cells and human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Combined with the data from Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) approach of CPs by using the octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow),an effective model was deduced to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these chemicals. Furthermore, the relationship between the structures of CPs and their cytotoxicity was proposed.The results show that 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP),2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP) induced apoptosis, whereas, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TeCP) and pentachlorophenl (PCP) demonstrated more characteristic of necrosis than apoptosis.These results establish a good experimental base both for developing the comparative evaluation of toxicity of CPs in vitro and for elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of them.