Nucleotide sequence of the yeast plasmid

The nucleotide sequence of the yeast DNA plasmid (2 mu circle) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain A364A D5 has been determined. The plasmid contains 6,318 base pairs, including two identical inverted repeats of 599 base pairs. Possible functions are suggested, and attributes of an improved vector for cloning foreign DNAs in yeast are discussed.     

RIG-G基因在酵母双杂交后的蛋白互作验证

RIG－G基因是利用全反式维甲酸（ATRA）诱导,采用差异显示PCR方法从APL细胞系NB4中克隆到的一个新基因。采用酶母双杂交的方法筛到了与RIG－G发生相互作用的JAB1。由于在酵母这种低等真核细胞中缺少诸如高等真核细胞中各种保证蛋白正常生物学功能发挥所必需的翻译后修饰,这种方法筛到的阳性克隆并不一定代表了真实的作用,所以在COS7细胞中采用了CO－IP（co-immunoprecipitation）实验,间接法、直接法均证实了这种相互作用。     

Production of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes by selection.

Mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase have been produced that protect the cell against the poisonous aldehyde acrolein by increasing the NADH-NAD ratio. The altered properties include changes both in binding constants and in cooperativity. Such mutants may be useful in exploring the nature of adaptation at the molecular level.     

Isolation and characterisation of a yeast chromosomal replicator.

A yeast DNA sequence that behaves as a chromosomal replicator, ars1 (autonomously replicating sequence), has been isolated. On transformation, ars1 allows autonomous replication of all co-linear DNA. The replicator can integrate into other replication units and can function in multimeric form. The 850-base pair ars1 element has no detectable homology to other yeast sequences. Such replicator-containing plasmids can be used for the isolation of DNA sequences in yeast cells as well as for the study of chromosomal DNA replication.     

Microtubule-motor activity of a yeast centromere-binding protein complex.

During cell division, sister chromosomes segregate from each other on a microtubule-based structure called the mitotic spindle. Proteins bind to the centromere, a region of chromosomal DNA, to form the kinetochore, which mediates chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle microtubules. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetic analysis has shown that the 28-basepair (bp) CDEIII region of the 125-bp centromere DNA sequence (CEN sequence) is the main region controlling chromosome segregation in vivo. Therefore it is likely that proteins binding to the CDEIII region link the centromeres to the microtubules during mitosis. A complex of proteins (CBF3) that binds specifically to the CDEIII DNA sequence has been isolated by affinity chromatography. Here we describe kinetochore function in vitro. The CBF3 complex can link DNA to microtubules, and the complex contains a minus-end-directed microtubule-based motor. We suggest that microtubule-based motors form the fundamental link between microtubules and chromosomes at mitosis.     

Isolation of a gene from Drosophila by complementation in yeast

Transformation of mutant yeast cells by cloned genomic DNA from a higher eukaryote has made it possible to isolate a Drosophila DNA sequence that complements a yeast adenine-8-mutation. A 0.8-kilobase poly(A)-containing RNA is transcribed from the cloned Drosophila segment in transformed yeast cells and can account for functional expression of the gene.     

用单片机程控的逆变电源

介绍了程控逆变电源的设计过程,论述了硬件系统和软件系统的工作原理,以及为提高系统精度采取的措施。     

平面上的广义反演变换--拟反演变换

以一般中心二次曲线为基线,建立广义的反演变换－拟反演变换 ,并探讨有关性质。     

Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association

Associations between bacteria and their accessory elements (viruses, plasmids and transposons) range from antagonistic to mutualistic. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that plasmid carriage reduces bacterial fitness in the absence of selection for specific functions such as antibiotic resistance. Many studies have demonstrated increased fitness of evolving microbial populations in laboratory environments, but we are aware of only one study in which fitness gains were partitioned between a plasmid and its host. Here, we examine the evolution of an association between a plasmid and its bacterial host. Carriage of the non-conjugative plasmid pACYC184 initially reduced the fitness of Escherichia coli B in the absence of antibiotic. We then cultured plasmid-bearing bacteria for 500 generations in the presence of antibiotic. The fitness of each combination of host and plasmid, with and without the culture history, was determined by competing it against a baseline strain. The results indicate adaptation by the host genome, but no plasmid adaptation. We also competed the evolved host, transformed with the baseline plasmid, against its isogenic plasmid-free counterpart. The plasmid now increased the fitness of its host.     

有限变换的指数和周期的图示求法

对X={1,2,3,…,n}上任一有限变换α,首先叙述并证明了α的指数和周期与其分解式中最简变换的指数和周期的关系。然后,证明了α的有向图Γ（α）可能是非连通的,Γ（α）的连通分支Ω是一个等价类,Ω有非空核K（Ω）,且K（Ω）是Ω的唯一循环圈的顶点构成的集合。最后,证明了连通分支和最简变换是一一对应的,实现了利用Γ（α）计算α的指数和周期的目标。     

Optimization of vertical well placement by using a hybrid particle swarm optimization

Locating wells is an important step in oil exploitation.This paper proposes a novel approach,which first combines particle swarm optimization,genetic algorithm,and a reservoir simulation evaluation tool to optimize the locations of vertical wells.Simulation results show that the convergence efficiency of our approach outperforms traditional genetic algorithm and overcomes the disadvantage of particle swarm algorithm that would be easily trapped into best-at-local solution so that its optimization result has been significantly improved.     

一类混杂系统的稳定性分析

控制系统中存在的时滞给系统的理论分析和工程应用带来了很大的困难。出现时滞后如何保证系统仍能稳定的工作是一个非常重要的问题。本文考虑了一类带有时滞摄动的混杂系统的稳定性,利用李雅普诺夫函数法给出了混杂系统渐近稳定的条件且利用MATLAB线性矩阵不等式(LMI)工具箱计算出保证系统稳定的最大摄动值及切换域。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。