桩土复合路基静载试验的改进方法

为了克服现有复合路基静载试验的不足，通过引进能模拟实际垫层作用的弹性垫层，提出了一种改进的桩土复合路基静载试验方法。首先，通过数值模拟对不同工况下的静载试验进行分析，论证了引入弹性垫层的合理性；然后，对比不同工况下的桩土应力比以确定弹性垫层参数；最后，通过现场CFG桩复合路基试验，分析改进后静载试验在沉降及桩土应力比的变化规律。试验表明弹性垫层具有明显的应力调节作用，更能体现实际工程垫层的作用，为桩土复合路基的质量检测提供了一种新方法。     

复合地基中垫层作用机理

以土力学和弹性理论为基础推导出了刚性、半刚性桩复合地基的竖向变形协调方程,从理论上建立了垫层厚度及压缩模量对刚性、半刚性桩复合地基性质和形状的影响的数学表达式.在此基础上,得出了不同的垫层厚度及垫层模量对桩土应力比、桩身最大应力位置、桩身最大应力、桩土荷载传递的影响.研究结果表明增大垫层厚度及降低垫层模量都能缓解桩顶应力集中程度,但等沉面位置下降,桩端应力增大,因此,靠过多地提高垫层厚度和降低垫层模量来获得较低的桩土应力比不可取;垫层的最佳厚度为0.2～0.5 m,垫层的最佳压缩模量为30一100MPa,这与目前工程上常用的垫层厚度和垫层模量相符;利用该方法可对刚性、半刚性桩复合地基进行优化设计.     

垫层厚度对长短桩复合地基性状影响的试验研究

为了研究垫层厚度对长短桩复合地基工作性状的影响,在室内模型试验的基础上,对无垫层2、cm垫层和5 cm垫层三种情况下长短桩复合地基的荷载与沉降的关系、桩土应力比、荷载分担比等问题进行了分析,结果表明,长短桩复合地基的沉降量随着垫层厚度的增加而增加;长桩桩土应力比随垫层厚度的增加而减小,短桩桩土应力比的变化不如长桩明显;无垫层时,长桩荷载分担比较大,桩间土和短桩荷载分担比很小,铺设垫层后,随垫层厚度的增加,长、短桩荷载分担比都逐渐减小,桩间土荷载分担比逐渐增大。     

刚性桩复合地基在不同荷载下的桩土分担特性

利用解析解答对刚性桩复合地基在竖向荷载下的工作特性进行了较深入的分析，着重讨论了桩土应力比及荷载分担比等随复合地基荷载、垫层厚度、垫层模量、桩长、桩间距、桩间土模量和桩端土抗力系数等因素变化的规律．计算结果表明，竖向荷载作用下，桩土应力比随复合地基荷载、垫层模量、桩长和桩间距的增加而增大，随垫层厚度和土体模量的增加而减小，同时也表明复合地基的设计参数有合理的取值范围．     

水泥粉喷桩复合地基的应力及荷载传递机理

采用水泥粉喷桩加固某高等级公路软弱地基后,在复合地基上铺设碎石垫层,进行复合地基静载荷试验,并在压板下放置钢弦式压力盒,根据作用在桩-土的应力测试结果,分析了整个加荷过程中该类复合地基的桩土应力比的变化规律及其与垫层厚度的关系.据此,对复合地基中桩土共同作用机理进行探讨.图3,表2,参5.     

路堤荷载下刚性桩复合地基桩帽效应分析

在分析路堤荷载作用下刚性桩复合地基中桩帽效应的基础上,通过理论分析、有限元计算、室内模型试验以及现场测试等方法,研究了桩帽以及桩帽尺寸的大小,对刚性桩复合地基中桩土分担比、加筋垫层的应力以及整体沉降特性等的影响.研究表明:桩帽的存在增加了桩顶与垫层之间的接触面积,起到均化桩顶集中力、减小桩顶向垫层刺入量的作用,使带帽刚性桩复合地基控制沉降的能力远好于不带帽刚性桩复合地基;桩帽尺寸逐渐增大,桩间土的应力明显减小,Q-S曲线由"陡降型"向"缓变形"转变,有助于带帽刚性桩复合地基整体承载力的发挥,从而提高了刚性桩复合地基的利用效率.     

钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基室内模型试验

通过自行研发的试验装置,对钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基进行一系列室内模型试验,得到其工作性状:钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的荷载沉降曲线特征,钢管桩、砂桩和土的应力特点,桩土应力比特点,各种桩和土的荷载分担比曲线特征.研究表明:本室内静载试验模型虽然不能完全模拟现场钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的工作性状,但从定性上分析钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基的工作性状是可行的.从试验结果可见:当处理粉细砂类土时,钢管桩与砂桩多元复合地基明显优于砂桩复合地基.     

多元复合地基沉降计算方法探讨

以Winkler分布弹簧模拟垫层的作用,考虑垫层、桩和土之间的相互作用;并以Geddes解和Boussinesq解为依据,求出了在单位荷载下网格单元顶部的沉降,即单元的柔度系数;运用弹性理论叠加原理,建立了包括桩顶沉降、土顶沉降及其对应荷载的线性方程组.求解该方程可以进一步求出多元复合地基中主桩、次桩对土的桩土应力比和主桩、次桩及土的荷载分担比.通过工程实例进行分析,表明本文方法的计算结果和现场实测结果符合很好.     

CFG桩复合地基桩土应力比影响因素分析

概述了CFG桩复合地基,介绍了工程试验概况,并从桩间距、桩径、桩长、垫层变形、褥垫层厚度、桩间土变形模量、持力层变形模量等方面对桩土应力比进行了分析。     

基于弹性地基板理论的桩网复合地基桩土应力比及沉降计算

将桩网复合地基中的水平加筋垫层视为弹性薄板,垫层下的竖向桩体及桩间土体视为不同刚度的弹簧体系,基于Filonenko-Borodich双参数弹性地基模型,考虑加筋垫层的抗弯、拉作用,根据静力平衡建立薄板挠曲变形控制微分方程,并利用Bessel复变函数推导出相应的挠度函数。在此基础上,考虑桩土变形协调,推导桩网复合地基桩土应力比及沉降的计算公式。为验证本文方法的可行性,对某工程算例进行计算分析。最后,基于本文方法,探讨分析加筋垫层复合弹性模量、筋材拉力、桩土刚度比等因素对桩网复合地基桩土应力比和沉降的影响。研究结果表明:计算与实测结果吻合良好。桩土应力比随桩土刚度比、加筋垫层复合弹性模量及格栅拉力的增大而增大。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme