Mg-3Al-1Zn-(0~0.5)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

为系统研究微量Sr对铸态AZ31镁合金组织中第二相的影响,且为含Sr的Mg-Al-Zn系合金设计提供理论基础,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对Sr含量为0~0.5(质量分数,%,下同)AZ31镁合金铸态组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：铸态AZ31合金中除了Mg17Al12相以外,还存在少量的小块状Mg21(Zn,Al)17相。添加Sr含量为0.1的AZ31合金中存在Mg17Al12、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Al4Sr相,添加Sr含量为0.3的合金组织中能观察到Al4Sr、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Mg17Al12相,而在添加Sr含量为0.5的合金中仅能观察到Al4Sr和Mg21(Zn,Al)17相,Mg17Al12相的形成受到抑制。此外,层片状共晶Al4Sr相的数量在质量分数为0.3~0.5的区间随着Sr含量的增加显著增多。     

Mg-（6～8）Al—0．7Si合金的组织和力学性能分析

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析和拉伸实验等方法，研究了Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能．研究结果表明：添加了少量Sb和RE的Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7%Si的铸态组织主要由α—Mg基体、Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相、Mg3Sb2相和少量针状Al4Si2Mn2Y相组成，并且随着Al含量的增加，试验合金组织中的Mg17Al12相增多，共晶析出物变得更加连续．同时，力学性能的测试结果表明：Al含量变化对于试验合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的影响呈现出不同的变化规律．     

含Gd镁合金AZ81的组织和力学性能

通过组织观察和分析,结合室温和高温拉伸试验,研究了加入质量分数为1%～4%Gd对镁合金AZ81显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:加入适量的稀土元素Gd,可使AZ81合金的晶粒得到细化,减少β(Mg17Al12)相的数量,同时生成高熔点的粒状化合物Al2Gd相,从而改善合金的显微组织。随着Gd含量的增加,在室温(25℃)和高温(150℃)下,AZ81合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均先升高后降低,且在Gd质量分数为3%时取得最大值,抗拉强度分别为260 MPa和212 MPa。     

La对AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn和ZnAl12Cu1(Mg)铸造合金力学性能的影响

利用Al-La中间合金制备了AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金,考察了不同的La含量对合金组织和抗拉强度、伸长率、冲击强度等性能的影响.研究结果表明:微量稀土La可以细化合金的晶粒,改变Si相晶粒大小和形状.与未添加La的合金相比,含有微量稀土La的AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn-x La合金和Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La合金具有更优良的力学性能.当AlSi10Cu0.2Mg0.2Mn铸造合金中La添加量为0.15%(质量分数)时,铸造合金的伸长率增加2.7倍.含有0.1%(质量分数)La的Zn Al12Cu1(M g)-x La合金抗拉强度和伸长率相比于未添加稀土La的合金,分别增强1.3倍和3.2倍.含有0.3%(质量分数)La时Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La的硬度增强1.8倍,但冲击强度是含有0.15%(质量分数)La时最高.综合考虑Zn Al12Cu1(Mg)-x La铸造合金的机械性能,稀土La的最优添加量为0.1%~0.2%(质量分数).     

Mg-Zn-Al系变形镁合金的显微组织和力学性能

制备了成分基于Mg-(3-5)Zn-(1-3)Al的5种ZA系镁合金,并研究了合金在铸态和热挤压态的显微组织和力学性能.在ZA系列的铸态镁合金中,将zn含量(质量分数)固定在3%,提高Al含量,则第2相由致密的共晶相ε(Mg51Zn20)变成呈典型的离异共晶形貌的T(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相.在ZA31基础上增加Zn含量没有引起合金显微组织中组成相发生变化,但中间相ε的体积分数增加.在280 ℃温度下的热挤压过程中,合金发生了动态再结晶,组织显著细化,且铸态组织中出现的中间相大部分溶入α-Mg基体.ZA系合金铸锭热挤压后,合金的强度和塑性均得到大幅度改善,其中合金ZA51具有最好的强度和塑性的匹配.结果表明ZA系合金具有良好的热加工性能.     

Cu含量对AZ61镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼技术制备出不同Cu含量的AZ61镁合金,采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了Cu元素对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Cu元素以三元AlCuMg相存在于合金中,主要分布在晶界处及枝晶间;添加Cu元素后能够细化合金铸态组织,并使β-Mg17Al12相数量减少、尺寸变细;随着Cu含量增加,挤压态合金强度先上升后下降,而延伸率只有当Cu含量达到1%时才开始显著下降。其中AZ61-1Cu具有最佳的综合力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为230 MPa、321 MPa和9.7%;当Cu含量为1.5%时,粗大的AlCuMg相割裂了合金基体,使合金力学性能下降。     

微量Y对Mg–2Zn–0.1Mn–0.3Ca–xY生物镁合金显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究了添加微量Y元素对Mg–2Zn–0.3Ca–0.1Mn–xY(x = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3)生物镁合金显微组织、力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当Y含量从0wt%增加到0.3wt%时,晶粒尺寸从310 μm下降至144 μm,第二相体积分数从0.4%增长至6.0%,合金的屈服强度不断提高,抗拉强度和伸长率均先降低后升高。当Y元素含量提高到0.3wt%时,合金中开始析出Mg₃Zn₆Y相,且合金具有最优异的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为119 MPa、69 MPa和9.1%。另外,Y含量为0.3wt%时,Mg–2Zn–0.3Ca–0.1Mn–xY合金在模拟体液中表现出最优耐蚀性能。力学性能和耐蚀性能的提高主要归功于晶粒细化和析出的Mg₃Zn₆Y相。     

Mg-Zn-Al合金的组织稳定性与力学性能

采用金相分析、DSC分析和拉伸测试等手段研究了铝含量对Mg-6Zn合金显微组织、凝固特性和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金晶粒相对细小,具有最佳的强度与塑性组合;Mg-6Zn-6Al合金中晶界处存在接近连续分布的粗大鱼骨状金属间化合物Mg17Al12相,导致合金抗拉强度和塑性下降.长时间退火试验表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al具有较高的组织稳定性.因此,Mg-6Zn-2Al合金是Mg-Zn-Al系合金的一个较佳成分组合.     

α-AlFeMnSi相中元素扩散对Al–Zn–Mg合金微电偶腐蚀敏感性的影响

Al–Zn–Mg合金强度高且具备良好的成型和焊接性能，已广泛应用于先进装备制造中，然而服役过程中易发生局部腐蚀失效，对构件的可靠性和安全性造成威胁。本文通过第一性原理计算和扫描开尔文探针显微镜(SKPFM)研究了α-AlFeMnSi相元素扩散对Al–Zn–Mg合金局部腐蚀行为的影响。材料建模和计算的结果表明，α-AlFeMnSi相中Fe、Mn、Si元素含量降低导致α-AlFeMnSi相/Al基体之间的平均功函数差由0.232 eV减小至0.065 eV。SKPFM实验观测到α-AlFeMnSi相中Fe和Si元素含量降低时，α-AlFeMnSi相/Al基体之间的平均Volta电位差由648.370 mV降低至432.383 mV。因此，α-AlFeMnSi相中元素的扩散降低Al–Zn–Mg合金的微电偶腐蚀敏感性。基于铝中原子扩散计算，热处理工艺（>550°C）有利于α-AlFeMnSi相中Mn元素扩散进入基体，降低α-AlFeMnSi相/Al基体微电偶腐蚀效应，提升Al–Zn–Mg合金耐局部腐蚀性能。     

Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)镁合金显微组织及力学性能

利用WD-10A电子拉伸试验机和RD2-3型蠕变试验机对Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)系列镁合金的力学拉伸强度及高温蠕变性能进行测试,研究其显微组织对高温性能的影响,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等方法进行分析表征.研究结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn(ZA62)具有较好的综合力学性能,其铸态显微组织主要由α-Mg基体和致密片状Mg51Zn20共晶相组成.少量Ca加入ZA62合金后,抑制了Mg51Zn20相的析出,并代之形成了含Ca的MgZn相和τ相.随Ca加入量增加,晶间相的数量增加,合金组织中出现另一热稳定四元Mg-Zn-Al-Ca化合物相.当w(Ca)>0.5%时,合金晶粒显著细化.随Ca含量增加,合金常温拉伸强度和塑性呈下降趋势,基体显微硬度减小.加入Ca提高了合金高温拉伸强度,改善了合金蠕变性能.在175℃/70 MPa条件下,合金蠕变性能受合金晶粒尺寸影响,随晶粒尺寸的减小,蠕变变形量增加.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme