热泵热风联合干燥的实验研究

利用热泵热风联合干燥的方法,对试材大红皮萝卜进行了脱水干燥实验研究.通过对试材质量、送风温度、送风风速和萝卜丁尺寸等单因素变化实验,得出了各因素对干燥速率的影响规律;分别以SMER(单位能耗除湿量)和产品感官品质为评价指标,对试材热泵热风联合干燥效果进行分析,得出了相应的优化组合方式.     

水源侧大温差热泵系统运行能耗分析

水源热泵技术是一种主要回收低温余热的节能技术。利用水源热泵系统试验台研究了大温差(温差为6~10℃)运行热泵的特性,比较了各温差段热泵的主机和给水泵单位供热能耗的关系。实验结果表明:随着温差增大,虽然主机单位供热能耗不断增大,但是热泵系统总体的单位供热能耗呈现下降趋势。通过对热泵系统制冷系数(coefficient to performance,COP)分析可知,在温差为7℃时,热泵系统COP最大,因此热泵大温差运行时循环水温差控制在7~9℃比较合适,机组整体能耗低,节能效果明显。     

利用高温热泵的区域供热热扩容技术实验与分析

通过实验研究,与其他制冷剂相比,北洋3号制冷剂在较高蒸发温度下具有最佳的热工性能．应用多元回归分析方法,建立高温热泵实验的性能系数（COP）数学模型,得出冷凝器和蒸发器进出口水温、机组制热量和高温热泵COP值的函数表达式,为高温热泵的研发,特别是工质的筛选研究工作提供了更为精确可靠的参考依据．将高温热泵技术应用于城市区域供热系统,实现城镇供热系统的热扩容．这种技术的特点是供回水温差大、供热系统热容量高、管网初投资低,且循环水泵能耗少,对城市的热负荷变化适应能力强．     

开式吸收式热泵型真空干燥系统建模及性能分析

针对传统谷物干燥能耗高,粉尘、废热污染严重,干燥品质较差的问题,提出了一种连续型谷物真空干燥系统,该系统采用开式吸收式热泵回收利用谷物在干燥过程中产生的水蒸气及其汽化潜热,兼具低温真空干燥与热泵节能的双重优势。以连续型真空干燥滚筒实验为依据,设计了基于开式吸收式热泵的连续型真空干燥系统;建立了该系统的物质、能量守恒数学模型;并依托Aspen Plus软件对整个系统流程进行建模,分析了干燥压力、溶液热交换器效率、加热温度和稀溶液浓度对系统性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)及干燥能耗的影响。结果表明:设计工况下系统COP为1.728 5,干燥能耗为3 346.92 kJ/(kg·H_2O),降低当前传统谷物干燥机能耗的37%;该系统在理论上具有可行性且节能效果显著。提高溶液热交换器效率、降低加热温度以及降低稀溶液浓度均能提高系统COP,降低干燥能耗。     

基于Fluent/Simulink地下含水层流态对地下水源热泵性能的影响

为了更准确地模拟地下水源热泵运行周期内各性能参数的变化,结合Fluent与Simulink软件的各自功能,建立了基于Fluent/Simulink的热泵系统协同仿真平台,把因室外温度变化引起的房间负荷的影响动态地叠加到地下管群上,地下含水层温度场的变化耦合至地上热泵系统中,动态地分析不同流态的地下水源热泵系统地下温度场的变化、热贯通程度及热泵机组性能系数COP等特性参数变化.研究表明:低流速态,逆流利于抑制热交互,热泵机组的COP值较高;顺流促进热交互,机组COP值最低;垂直交叉流居于两者之间.高流速态,地下水横流起主导地位,地下水横流对于削弱热泵热交互、提高机组的COP值起到积极作用.实际工程中应根据地理条件对热泵进行优化设计.     

闭式江水源热泵系统水流量最优值的计算方法

闭式换热盘管内的水流量变化影响水源热泵系统的整体性能.建立了水源热泵系统能耗数学模型和最佳水流量计算方法,通过水源热泵系统性能的理论计算,得到热泵系统整体性能系数与冷却水温度及冷却水设计流量百分数的拟合关系式;理论关系式表明,在定机组进水温度工况下,系统COP值在某一循环水设计流量百分数下取得最优值.在长江重庆段建立了闭式江水源热泵试验台,进行了变流量的冬夏季工况实验,实验结果与理论计算结果趋势一致.该计算方法可以为闭式水源热泵系统性能的进一步研究提供参考.     

热电热泵在非设计工况条件下的性能分析

采用直流电源模拟太阳能电池板输出不稳定电压驱动热电热泵工作,通过实验测试研究了在连续长时间工作、电压跳跃变化和极限电压工况下,热电热泵冷端温度T c、热端温度T h、冷热端温差T d的变化对其制冷/制热的性能系数(COP)的影响。结果表明,在适宜的电压范围内,热电热泵的制冷速度快、工作性能稳定且能够长时间连续工作,而制热效果明显优于制冷效果,制热效率(E h)平均高于制冷效率(E c)约0.8;热电热泵的最佳工作电压区间为2~4 V,此时的冷端温度低、制冷量大、COP值在理想范围(E c=0.87~1.89,E h=1.75~2.75);随着工作电压增高,热电热泵的冷热端温差增大,COP值减小,当电压大于8V后,冷热端温差大于45℃,COP值降至最小,工作性能较差。     

热电热泵在非设计工况条件下的性能分析

 采用直流电源模拟太阳能电池板输出不稳定电压驱动热电热泵工作,通过实验测试研究了在连续长时间工作、电压跳跃变化和极限电压工况下,热电热泵冷端温度T_c、热端温度T_h、冷热端温差T_d的变化对其制冷/制热的性能系数（COP）的影响。结果表明,在适宜的电压范围内,热电热泵的制冷速度快、工作性能稳定且能够长时间连续工作,而制热效果明显优于制冷效果,制热效率（E_h）平均高于制冷效率（E_c）约0.8;热电热泵的最佳工作电压区间为2~4 V,此时的冷端温度低、制冷量大、COP 值在理想范围(E_c=0.87~1.89,E_h=1.75~2.75);随着工作电压增高,热电热泵的冷热端温差增大,COP 值减小,当电压大于8V 后,冷热端温差大于45℃,COP 值降至最小,工作性能较差。     

热泵微波联合干燥对刺参干燥特性和品质特性的影响

为了改善热泵干燥时间过长、微波干燥成品品质差的问题,研究了热泵微波联合干燥对刺参干燥特性和品质特性的影响,提出了具有不同干燥温度和不同转换点含水率的多种热泵微波联合干燥方式,并通过实验方式研究了刺参的含水率、干燥速率、收缩率、复水率、外观、组织形态、气味等参数的变化规律.结果表明,热泵微波联合干燥呈现明显的分段变化特征,微波干燥阶段最大干燥速率远高于热泵干燥,分段薄层干燥模型可以较好地模拟刺参的干燥特性.在干制品性能方面,相同干燥温度下,纯热泵干燥成品的复水率小于联合干燥,但收缩率大于联合干燥.在热泵微波联合干燥中,干制品的复水率随干燥温度的升高而逐渐降低,但收缩率逐渐增加.热泵微波联合干燥中转入微波干燥的时间点需综合干燥时间和成品性能来综合确定,对应40℃干燥温度,转换点含水率为197%时,干燥成品品质最好,干燥时间也较短,是一种较好的刺参联合干燥方式.     

长沙地区太阳能水源热泵系统冬季工况模拟

为了研究太阳能水源热泵系统供热工况下的运行特性,引入了可再生能源建筑应用工程评价标准中相关方法.通过对长沙地区冬季工况模拟研究和分析,得到太阳能集热系统和水源热泵系统在不同工况下的制热效率.研究结果表明,在引入太阳能后避免了水源热泵机组冬季长时间运行使制热性能下降并频繁进入保护工况,且当蒸发器进口水温为22℃附近时,机组COP较10℃提高了9.13%,达到最优值.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.