Blended Yarns of Modacrylic Fibers with Silk Protein

The fiber properties of modacrylic fibers with silk protein and spinning technology for blended knitting yarns are studied. By testing the fiber properties, fiber spinn-ability is analysed. Modacrylic fibers with silk protein are brittle and have poor cohesion, so the key to process modacrylic fibers with silk protein lies in forming lap and sliver. During opening and carding, low speed is used to decrease fiber damage and the proper static resistant oil is applied to eliminate lapping fibers. Besides, the temperature and relative humidity have to be strictly controlled. The applications of modacrylic fibers with silk protein are also put forward.     

Studies on the Crystallization Properties and Morphology Structure of the Cationic Dyeable Polypropylene Fibers

The crystallization properties and morphology structure of the cationic dyeable polypropylene fibers which were produced by the blending spinning method were studied by making use of X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It comes to the conclusions that the larger the crystallite size in the fibers is , the better the dycable properties of the fibers are and there is a little compatibility between the dyeable agent and polypropylene resin. And the dye-uptake of the fibers may be up to 90% because the dyeable agent can uniformly be scattered in polypropylene.     

Simulation Studies on the Probability of Fibers Passing Through a Circular Bond Point in Point-Bonded Nonwovens

It is very important to get the tensile properties of bridgefiber bundles between bond points in the simulation stud-ies on the tensile properties of point - bonded nonwov-ens. In order to construct models to predict the tensileproperties of bridge fiber bundles, it is essential to inves-tigate the number of fibers passing through certain bondpoints. The probability of fibers passing through bondpoints in nonwovens is investigated. A tentative proba-bility formula that includes the factors such as specimensize, fiber length and bond point radius, and a formulato calculate the number of fibers passing through bondpoints are proposed on the basis of the data of the simu-lations.     

Rapid Measurement of Short Fiber Content on Hertel Sample

This paper offers a new method of measuring short fiber content of cotton fibers. The method is composed of two parts： one is Hertel sampling and the other is image testing. With the help of fiber mixer, a thin and even cotton net is obtained on which we can get Hertel sample by using a sliver clamp. The near micro optical mechanism consists of one large area CCD and one lens with long focus. This mechanism is able to measure every cotton fiber of the test beard accurately and makes it possible to measure accumulating fibers＇ amounts. On this base we can calculate short fiber content of cotton, and the experiment results show that this method is efficient.     

Influence of Dispersion of Nano-Zn0 Particles in Polymer Matrices on Properties of Relevant Nano Composite Fibers

The surface-passivated and non-surface-passivated zinc oxide nano-particles （marked as s-nanoZnO and ns-nanoZnO respectively） were evenly dispersed in polymer solutions with the aid of ultrasonic vibration to prepare nanocomposite film by free casting and to prepare nanocomposite fibers by wet spinning and to prepare nancomposites coating by surface smearing. The dispersion of s-nanoZnO and nsnanoZnO in PAN matrix were observed by transmittance electron microscopy, the mechanical properties of the relevant compesite samples were studied by INSRTON tensile strength tester. It was found that s-nanoZnO behaves a well-dispersed morphology in PAN films and fibers when its concentration was 2 wt% but ns-nanoZnO nano particles agglomerate into larger congeries in PAN films. It means that the surface-passivated process oft zinc oxide nano. particles was effective to disperse. The relative intensity and elonsation at break of s-nanoZnO-PAN composite fibers show maximum values with the increase of nano particle content in compesites （from 0 wt% to 2 wt% of s- nanoZnO）. The elasticity of the composite fibers increases whereas their modulus declines. Balanced the changes of the properties mentioned above, 2 wt% s-nanoZnO in PAN matrix is a proper content for the composite fibers spun by wet spinning. The result of surface smearing test means that the reactim between s-nanoZnO and polymer can be indicated by the color of nanocomposite surface coat on fibers.     

Effect of Fiber Properties on Nonwovens＇ Pore Structures with Fractal Geometry Analysis

Nonwovens＇ pore structures are very important to their mechanical and physical properties. And the pore structures are influenced by the fiber properties and fibers arrangement in web. In this paper, the fractal geometry, in combination with computer image anaysis, is used to express the irregularity of pore size distribution in nonwovens, and the effect of fiber properties on fractal dimension of pore size distribution is discussed by using simulated images which are composed of nonlinear staple fibers. The results show that the fiber properties, such as crimp, diameter, angular distribution, and especially the number of fibers prominently influence the pore structure.     

Research of Degumming Process, Microstructure and Properties of Mulberry Fiber

More and more novel nature fibers are used in textiles. The natural fibers include banana fiber, pineapple fiber and bamboo fiber etc. In this paper, as a kind of novel natural fiber, mulberry fiber is studied. The chemical component of mulberry bast is tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the degumming method and process of mulberry bast are studied. Chemical degumming experiments to investigate the influence of alkali concentration, alkali boiling time and sodium phosphate tribasic ratio to material are conducted. Consequently, optimum parameters are obtained. The crystallinity of mulberry fiber is tested by using X-ray line, and the photos of scanning electron microscope （SEM） are observed. Testing results of the fiber properties （e. g. fineness, tenacity, length and elongation） show that mulberry fiber can be spun blend with cotton.     

Studies on Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Bicomponent Fibers: Fundamental Equations on the Dynamics of Melt Spinning

An attempt was made to numerically compute the temperature profile within the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers by deriving a set of simultaneous partial differential equations. The effects of acceleration, gravity, and air friction on the kinetics of the polymer were included and the upper-convected Maxwell model as the constitutive equation was adopted in this model. The sheath-core bicomponent fibers were partitioned into a serial of circular cross section and it is assumed that each circular cross section has a temperature gradient while conducting the equation of energy balance. A mathematical model was developed to describe the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers.     

Effects of Alkali Treatment on the Structure of Tencel Fibers

Alkali treatment can change the structures and properties of cellulosic fibers. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of structure changes of Tencel fibers treated with different alkali concentration and two treatment methods. Raman spectrum showed that the molecular conformation of Tencel fibers remained unchanged. XRD (X-ray diffraction) indicated that the crystallinty of Tencel fibers in original length increased while that of fibers in relaxation condition remained unchanged. The average crystallite size increased and the orientation index decreased. The quasi-crystallite disassociation and recrystallization in the quasi-crystalline phase during the process of alkali treatment lead to the changes of the crystallinity and the orientation index of Tencel fibers.     

DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF FIBERS Part 4:Fracture Behaviour of PET and PAN Fibers in Tension

The dynamic observation of the fracture processes of PET(polyethylene terephthalate)andPAN(polyacrylonitrile)fibers in tension was carried out under a scanning electron microscope.Thestepwisc micrographs taken revealed the features of crack initiation and crack growth and of thefailure of the fibers.The fracture behaviour of PET fibers in tension is characterized by theoccurence of shear bands,which initiate a crack whose development leads to the final failure of afiber.For tensile PAN fibers,a high concentration of cracks are initiate in the skin of a fiber,andthen a few or one of them develop themselves by way of pulse and lead to the final failure of the fi-ber.     

相转移催化剂催化合成大红粉颜料的研究

研究了以色酚AS、苯胺和亚硝酸钠为原料,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(DBS')、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为相转移催化剂,通过重氮化反应和偶合反应催化合成大红粉颜料;探究了相转移催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间对大红粉颜料产率的影响;实验结果表明:加入相转移催化剂的产物产率均明显提高,且混合催化剂(SDS和SDBS)催化性能最好,在反应中无明显起泡现象;相转移催化剂最佳用量为0.1 g,最佳反应时间为30 min,产率可达88.1%;方法具有操作简单、反应速度快、产物收率高、产品纯度好等特点。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠泡沫循环利用室内研究

利用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(ABS)对钙盐的敏感性,根据十二烷基苯磺酸钙与碳酸钙的溶解度不同,利用沉淀转化原理,实现十二烷基苯磺酸钠泡沫的循环利用.由ABS-CaCl2-Na2CO3组成循环泡沫基液,在室内研究了不稳定泡沫(质量分数为0.6%的ABS,以下配方物理量皆为质量分数)、稳定泡沫(0.6%ABS+0.2%XC+0.2%HV-CMC)和硬胶泡沫(0.6%ABS+0.2%XC+0.2%HV-CMC+5.0%膨润土)的循环特点.结果表明:不稳定泡沫在室内循环6次以后,发泡体积由700mL降为510mL,半衰期由4.7min降为3.6min;稳定泡沫循环6次以后,发泡体积由510mL降为460mL,半衰期由22.5min降为18.2min;硬胶泡沫循环4次以后,发泡体积由480mL降为420mL,半衰期由34.7min降为26.4min.可通过补充少量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,或是通过添加稳泡剂来提高泡沫质量,增强泡沫的稳定性,实现十二烷基苯磺酸钠泡沫的循环利用.     

吖啶黄、碱性藏花红、罗丹明类染料间的能量转移

应用Forster理论,对碱性荧光染料吖啶黄(AY)、碱性藏花红(ST)、罗丹明6G(R6G)、罗丹明B(RB)、乙基罗丹明B(ERB)、丁基罗丹明B(BRB)组成的各种染料混合体系的能量转移进行了研究.结果表明:在十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液中,AY分别与R6G,ST;R6G分别与RB,ERB,BRB间均能发生有效能量转移.研究了各种表面活性剂对碱性阳离子染料间能量转移的影响,结果表明:只有强极性的阴离子表面活性剂才能使碱性阳离子染料间发生有效能量转移.转移效率既与给体量子产率有关,又与受体量子产率有关,受体量子产率高的转移效果好;同类染料间的转移效果不如不同类染料间的转移效果好.     

超声震荡及化学试剂对碳纳米管分散性能的影响

通过实验方法研究了影响碳纳米管分散的因素,结果发现超声震荡可抑制碳纳米管的团聚,而添加适量的十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基苯磺酸钠则可以使其分散得更好。     

电化学法研究自来水中几种缓蚀剂及其复配物对AZ91D镁合金的缓蚀作用

采用电化学方法,研究了硫脲、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、聚天冬氨酸（PASP）及它们的复配物在自来水中对AZ91D镁合金的缓蚀性能。结果表明：聚天冬氧酸和硫脲复配比其它组合缓蚀剂的效果好,20℃时,在实验范围内,当体系添加这两种物质浓度分别为0．05g／L,添加总量为0．1g／L时．缓蚀率达到了81．7％,     

KPS引发苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合的研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为乳化剂,水溶性的过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,进行苯乙烯(St)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)微乳液共聚合反应。研究了单体浓度c(M)、引发剂浓度c(I)、乳化剂浓度c(E)、聚合温度T对St/BA微乳液共聚合反应的最大聚合速率Rmax和聚合物粘均分子量Mη的影响,测定了共聚单体的竞聚率,结果得到:Rmax∝c(I)0.15c(M)1.60c(E)-0.79·e-6549/T,Mη∝c(I)-0.31c(M)0.47c(E)-0.47e2970/T;r(St)=3.93,r(BA)=0.28。     

比黏附力法测试浆液黏附力的方法

通常采用的浆液对粗纱的黏附力方法,未考虑粗纱的上浆率,不能准确反映浆料对纱线的黏附性．本文采用粗纱法分别将原淀粉与PVA、原淀粉与聚丙烯酸类浆料、原淀粉与变性淀粉以及不同聚合度PVA对粗纱的黏附力进行了测试分析．结果表明,采用粗纱法测试浆液黏附力在原理上存在一定的缺陷,提出了采用比黏附力值进行评价浆料对纤维黏附性能的方法．文中的一些数据也可作为纺织企业对粗纱法运用时的参考．     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和3种十二烷基阴离子表面活性剂复配驱油体系的性能

研究3种不同亲水基结构的阴离子表面活性剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate,ABS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)、十二烷基羧酸钠(sodium dichloroisocyanurate,SDC)）与阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyltriethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB))的复配体系的性能,考察复配体系的相容性、泡沫量、泡沫稳定性、接触角、表面张力和界面张力.研究结果表明,阴阳离子复配体系在摩尔比接近1∶1时,整个体系的泡沫性能下降,表面张力和界面张力趋于最大值,接触角趋于最小;在SDC-CTAB体系中,当w(CTAB)=10%~30%时,复配体系和胜利油田的原油形成超低界面张力.     

光照和自然水体生物膜存在下十二烷基苯磺酸钠降解的影响因素研究

使用稀土补光灯作为光源,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)为可降解有机污染代表,在水-生物膜体系中通过单因子单变量控制法,研究了温度、溶解氧、生物膜数量及生物膜活性对有机污染物降解的影响。研究结果表明:温度、溶解氧和生物膜数量对体系中DBS的降解量都有影响,其中溶解氧和生物膜数量是DBS降解的主要影响因素。对比不同生物活性试剂处理的生物膜对DBS的降解情况可以得出:具有活性的生物膜光合作用过程是DBS降解的关键。     

复合表面活性剂粘度行为研究

通过对高分子化合物聚丙烯酰胺 ( PAM)与小分子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵( 1 831 )或十二烷基苯磺酸钠 ( LAB)混合体系的粘度的测定 ,绘制了ηr- T,ηsp·ρPAM-1-ρPAM关系图。研究表明 PAM与 1 831的络合作用强 ,是较好的增稠剂