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1.
从不稳定到近中性大气边界层的大涡模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用大涡模拟方法对不稳定到近中性层结的大气边界层情况进行模拟。模拟条件为 :地面运动学热通量 0 0 0 0 1~ 0 2K·m·s-1、地转驱动风速 0~ 15m·s-1,对应的无因次稳定度参数 -zi L为 0 0 0 62~ 368。模拟结果显示 ,大气边界层直到 -zi L =0 668的近中性情况 ,其热通量和动量通量等仍保留着典型对流边界层的基本特征 ,可由模式较好地求解 ,且在近地面与观测结果相符较好。对更接近中性的情况 ,模式分辨率限制了对边界层湍流特性的求解。在大风、弱不稳定边界层条件下模拟发现有滚动涡现象出现 ,其稳定度范围大致对应 -zi L的取值 0 668~ 2 4 6。  相似文献   

2.
为研究气体-颗粒两相流中温度梯度对流场特性的影响,采用三维粒子动态分析仪(particle dynamics analyzer, PDA)测量了水平管中颗粒的大小、速度和脉动速度之值.实验选用粒径小于100 μm的玻璃微珠,实验段中颗粒的体积分数约为10-4.通过PDA数据分析系统对小于2 μm和 48~52 μm颗粒的运动参数进行了分析,以小于2 μm颗粒作为两相中的气相参数.结果表明,在气粒两相流主流与壁面间存在温差时,两相流场的湍流强度和湍动能增加而横向速度减小,且在近壁区,湍流强度、湍动能和横向速度受温度场的影响更加显著.  相似文献   

3.
利用对流水槽模拟分析了均匀下垫面自由对流边界层的水平温度场结构特征.根据几何相似、运动相似和动力相似等要求设置初始条件和边界条件实施模拟.对流水槽的尺度为1.5 m×1.5 m×0.6 m,先加入具有一定温度层结的去离子水,然后底部加热形成对流,模拟对流边界层的发生和发展.利用快速响应的温度传感器测量温度廓线和不同高度上的温度起伏;利用准直光闪烁原理获得光学湍流场.根据温度廓线和光学湍流场的结果得到对流边界层厚度和稳定度等参数.根据不同高度的水平脉动温度,利用AR谱方法分析水平温度谱峰值频率所对应的尺度,该尺度对应于对流边界层的准二维对流热泡的水平尺度.统计分析结果表明,自由对流边界层大涡的水平尺度在边界层的下部随高度的增加而增加,约在0.65倍边界层厚度处达到最大,然后随高度的增加又逐渐减小.物理模拟与数值模拟和野外观测结果符合一致.根据对流热泡的这种特征,提出了一个自由对流边界层的热泡模型.  相似文献   

4.
城市建筑群环境有毒有害气体扩散数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用计算流体力学(CFD)原理和方法建立街区尺度点源泄漏扩散的数值模型,并经风洞试验结果验证其正确性.对街区建筑物扰动和两种来流风速(1.5 m·s-1,3.0 m·s-1)下近地面气云扩散过程及特性进行模拟与分析.结果表明:给定合适的计算参数,基于RNG k-ε模型和SIMPLE算法能够有效模拟复杂障碍物条件下有毒有害气体的扩散过程;近地面气云扩散受道路、建筑物布局和来流风速的影响明显,建筑物周围测点浓度同该处源距、方位、高度以及风向偏离程度存在密切联系;较大的来流风速加快气云水平输送,同时有利于浓度的稀释;泄漏停止后建筑物密集区间浓度稀释相对滞缓,可能对人群健康构成威胁.  相似文献   

5.
针对三维对流扩散方程的数值求解,应用修正光滑粒子动力学(corrected smoothed particle hydrodynamics, CSPH-3D)方法,推导出求解三维对流扩散方程的CSPH-3D离散格式,得到涉及3×3矩阵的核函数修正公式.为提高计算效率,采用基于MPI(multi-point interface)粒子搜索的并行计算技术,对有解析解的三维对流扩散方程进行数值求解,分析了数值模拟误差以及粒子数和CPU数对计算效率的影响,并对无解析解的方程进行了数值预测,分析了收敛性.结果表明,本文的CSPH-3D并行算法模拟三维对流扩散方程是高效、可靠的.  相似文献   

6.
厂区天然气泄漏扩散的数值模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据危险性气体空间泄漏扩散的特点,对厂区天然气等危险性轻质气体泄漏扩散运动进行了数值模拟,着重研究了大气风向风速、泄漏射流方向和泄漏时间对危险性轻质气体(天然气)空间泄漏扩散浓度场和危险性区域的影响.其中大气主导风的风速对气体扩散浓度和扩散危险性区域有很大的影响,如等值线图模拟的条件下,在x方向上,风速v=0.5 m.s-1比v=5.0 m.s-1条件下危险性区域大155 m.  相似文献   

7.
以平均粒径2.2μm、纯度99.99%的硅粉为原料,采用纯度99.993%的高纯氮气作为反应气体,在1350和1400℃下进行了氮化时间为10~30 min的氮化实验,得出了不同温度下硅粉转化率随反应时间的变化关系.将硅氮反应看成非催化气固反应,建立了硅颗粒氮化动力学模型.通过对实验数据的拟合,得出两个模型参数:硅氮反应速率常数和氮气在产物层中的扩散系数.假定反应速率常数和扩散系数均满足阿伦尼乌斯公式,求得化学反应激活能和指前因子分别为2.71×104J·mol-1和3.07×10-5m·s-1,扩散激活能和指前因子分别为1.06×105J·mol-1和1.12×10-9m2·s-1.利用本文得出的氮化动力学模型对各温度下不同粒径硅粉的转化曲线进行了预测,预测曲线与文献中的实验数据在趋势上吻合较好.  相似文献   

8.
对流边界层中高架烟流扩散的大涡模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
论文用大涡模拟技术对对流边界层中高架烟流的扩散进行了模拟,在对流边支中对高斯扩散模式的使用进行了修正,由Willis等(1978)的对流槽扩散实验数据求出虚拟源高,代替高斯烟流扩散公式中的源高,由此求得的横风向积分浓度分布与实验结果和数值模拟结果吻合较好,并用KNRC试验No52的资料作了验证,结果表明:修正后的高斯扩散模式的模拟效能良好。  相似文献   

9.
近壁湍流中的拟序结构:喷发(ejection)和扫掠(sweep),对壁附近颗粒的扩散输运起着重要作用。本文首先采用直接数值模拟(DNS)方法得到槽道湍流(雷诺数ReT = Uδ/γ = 80)的速度场,然后追踪颗粒群中每个颗粒的轨迹,最后详细分析喷发/扫掠事件对颗粒群离散行为的统计特征。模拟结果表明,流向和展向的粒子离散,在扩散初期来自于扫掠事件中的粒子离散大于来自于喷发事件中的粒子离散。当扩散时间超过数倍拉格朗日积分尺度后,开始时刻处于喷发或扫掠的粒子运动规律没有明显的不同,也就是说这些粒子几乎已经失去初始记忆。  相似文献   

10.
运用WRF3. 9模式并选取四种常用的边界层参数化方案(YSU、ACM2、MYJ和BL)和两种近地层方案(Eta和MM5)模拟了2015年1月16~25日苏州东山的近地层气象要素,并与东山气象站观测实验数据进行对比,评估了四种边界层参数化方案对近地层气象要素的模拟能力。同时设置了边界层参数化方案与近地层方案耦合的敏感性试验,分析两类方案的耦合对近地层气象要素模拟的影响。结果表明:①白天四种边界层方案对2 m温度的模拟差异较小,两种近地层方案的模拟结果有差异,对流混合较弱时Eta方案模拟较好,对流混合较强时MM5方案较好;夜间四种边界层方案和近地层方案均有影响,但是整个观测期间四种方案的模拟结果统计量差异较小;②无论白天还是夜间,四种边界层参数化方案模拟的2 m相对湿度均高于观测值,BL方案的模拟效果最佳,MYJ方案的模拟偏差最大;③无论白天还是夜间,四种边界层参数化方案对10 m风速的模拟均存在一定程度的高估,MYJ方案的模拟效果最好,四种方案对风向的模拟均优于对风速的模拟,白天的模拟效果整体优于夜间;④选择不同的近地层方案对风速和风向的模拟结果没有明显影响,对2 m气温模拟结果的影响小于对2 m相对湿度模拟结果的影响,BL边界层方案与MM5近地层方案耦合对近地层气象要素2 m气温和2 m相对湿度的模拟效果最好。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

16.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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