四种皱皮木瓜挥发性成分的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术分析测定了4个品种皱皮木瓜的挥发性成分。考察了不同萃取头和萃取部位对木瓜挥发性成分萃取效果的影响,选用65 μm PDMS/DVB SPME萃取头萃取木瓜中的挥发性成分得到较好的效果,不同部位果皮和果肉对挥发性成分的萃取效果影响不大。应用峰面积归一化法测定各挥发性成分的相对含量,4个品种共鉴定出60种挥发性成分,主要为酯类、烷烃类和烯烃类物质,占总峰面积的90%以上。结果表明,4个品种皱皮木瓜的挥发性成分种类和含量均存在差异。该方法快速准确,为进一步开发利用皱皮木瓜资源提供了参考依据。     

红烧肉冻藏过程中挥发性风味物质衰减研究

为研究红烧肉冻藏过程中挥发性风味物质衰减情况,采用固相微萃取气相色谱质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)对不同冻藏期的样品中挥发性风味成分进行检测分析.结果显示,共检测到82种挥发性风味物质,冻藏180 d的红烧肉酯类、酮类和其他类化合物的种类有所增加,醇类、碳氢类、酸类、杂环类和含硫化合物种类数没有变化,醛类化合物种类数减少.而相对含量的变化则各不相同,经过180 d的冻结贮藏,酯类和醛类相对含量有所增加,酮类、含硫类和碳氢类化合物相对含量减少,酸类和其他类化合物相对含量变化不大.进一步进行主成分分析,未冻藏的与冻藏30~120 d及冻藏150~180 d的红烧肉风味物质主成分分别处在不同位置.综合评定显示,加工后未冻结贮藏产品综合得分最高,在120 d的冻藏时间内,产品风味仍然得到很好的保持,至180 d风味有所衰减,但其衰减程度不大.     

基于顶空固相微萃取GC-MS分析不同蜂蜜的挥发性成分

不同品种蜂蜜经顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME),萃取得到的样品经气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析确认得到蜂蜜中挥发成分种类.以糖浆作为蜂蜜模拟物,通过在其中添加不同量的苯甲醛建立HS-SPME GC-MS标准工作曲线.结果表明,定量模型苯甲醛的线性范围为0.022 4～0.224μg·g-1,r2=0.995 6,测定方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.45%;采用质谱谱库检索结合文献资料定性确认7种不同品种蜂蜜挥发性成分,得到了135个组分信息,其中7种蜂蜜中共有的化合物仅有44种,其中主要成分脱氢芳樟醇的含量为6.86×10-3～1 222.7×10-3μg·g-1,不同品种的挥发成分及同一蜂蜜样品中的不同结构特征的挥发成分相对含量差别较大.     

不同类型红曲黄酒中挥发性风味组分比较分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)技术分析4种不同红曲黄酒中的挥发性风味组分.以色谱出峰总峰面积(乙醇除外)为主要指标,以质谱鉴定出的化合物种类数为辅助指标,对影响红曲黄酒中挥发性风味组分萃取效果的4个因素进行优化.结果表明,最佳萃取条件为:50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS纤维头,氯化钠质量浓度0.33 g·mL~(-1)萃取体系,萃取温度60℃和萃取时间60 min.在最优的萃取条件下萃取4种红曲黄酒中的挥发性风味组分,经GC/MS分析检测,共检出49种挥发性风味成分.通过主成分分析(PCA)和风味特征贡献度分析(CA),找出与4种类型红曲黄酒香气特征密切相关的挥发性风味成分.     

宁夏金银花挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对宁夏金银花中挥发性成分和含量作了分析鉴定,共鉴定出49种化合物,含量最高的前3种化合物依次是芳樟醇(质量分数13.59%),香芹酚(质量分数7.67%)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(质量分数7.54%).     

崖柏属5种植物叶片挥发油成分分析

【目的】通过比对分析崖柏属5种植物叶片挥发性成分化合物的组成及相对含量,为进一步开发利用崖柏属植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】选择长势一致的4年生幼苗,通过固相微萃取技术(SPME)对幼苗相同部位叶片中的挥发性成分进行提取,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)进行分离并鉴定,采用质谱进行定性,最终通过峰面积归一化法求得各组成成分的相对含量。【结果】5种植物幼苗叶挥发油成分共解析出136种化合物,崖柏、朝鲜崖柏、日本香柏、北美香柏、北美乔柏幼苗叶挥发油成分中分别鉴定出41、48、40、41和36种化合物。崖柏属5种植物叶片挥发油成分主要为萜类化合物,以单萜类化合物为主,质量分数均值为61.154%,其中北美乔柏含量最高(78.669%),朝鲜崖柏含量最低(49.451%)。5种植物叶片挥发油组成成分及相对含量差异较大。崖柏属5种植物共有成分仅有γ-松油烯、α-崖柏酮和(8β,13β)- 13-methyl-17-norkaur-15-ene 3种,异松油烯、α-石竹烯、棕榈酸甲酯和α,α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯由其中4种植物共有; 且共有成分相对含量在种间差异显著,但α-崖柏酮在5种植物中相对含量均较高。崖柏属5种植物所含特有成分达75种,崖柏、朝鲜崖柏、日本香柏、北美香柏和北美乔柏所含特有成分分别为18、23、11、12和11种,且分别以长叶烯(Longifolene, 4.950%)、乙酸桃金娘烯酯(myrtenyl acetate,2.759%)、松油烯(1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 0.678%)、β-蒎烯(β-pinene, 4.232%)和草蒿脑(estragole,0.963%)含量最高。【结论】崖柏属5种植物挥发油化学成分以单萜类化合物为主,化合物成分组成及其相对含量差异显著,但α-崖柏酮含量均较高。     

贮存方式对烟叶常规化学成分及香味物质影响研究

为研究贮存方式对烟叶常规化学成分和香味物质的影响,以湖南永州BFS和CFS烟叶(品种为云烟87)为原料,采用主成分分析法分别分析了不同醇化时间(3、9、12、15、18个月)、不同贮存库(机械库、自然库、保湿库)中烟叶的常规化学成分和重要挥发性香味物质的含量.结果表明：(1)在醇化过程中,不同贮存库中的2种烟叶的还原糖、总糖的含量均呈下降趋势,且总糖的含量降幅最大;(2)在醇化过程中,不同贮存库中的2种烟叶的挥发性香味成分总量、新植二烯含量均逐渐增加,醇化18个月后,保湿库中的湖南永州BFS烟叶和机械库中的湖南永州CFS烟叶的挥发性香味成分总量、新植二烯含量最高;(3)主成分分析表明,醇化18个月之后,除了自然库和保湿库的湖南永州BFS烟叶挥发性香味物质的主成分差异较小,不同贮存库间烟叶的挥发性香味物质的主成分都有明显的差异.综上分析,湖南永州BFS烟叶更适合在保湿库中醇化,湖南永州CFS烟叶更适合在机械库中醇化.     

不同产地玫瑰花干品赋香成分分析

利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,研究了不同产地玫瑰花干品赋香成分.结果表明:从10个产地玫瑰花样品中共鉴定出71个质量分数大于0.50%的化合物,其中苯甲醇、苯乙醇、香茅醇、2-甲氧基-3-(2-丙烯基)-苯酚、甲基丁香酚及十三烷-2-酮占挥发性组分的总质量均大于60.00%,最高达92.20%.据文献报道的玫瑰花赋香成分并结合本文的研究结果综合分析,上述6个化合物可作为玫瑰花品种鉴别及品质评价的主要依据之一.     

肯尼亚红碎茶与滇红工夫香气成分比较分析

采用固相微萃取(Solid Phase Microextraction,SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对五个肯尼亚红碎茶和我国的滇红工夫进行香气成分的比较分析.从六个茶样中一共检测出152种香气成分,其中1号茶样59种,2号茶样66种,3号茶样52种,4号茶样61种,5号茶样63种,滇红工夫58种.滇红工夫、1号、5号和3号茶样以醇类化合物的相对含量最高,分别占主要香气成分总量的60.71%,50.76%,47.33%和37.13%.2号和4号茶样以醛类化合物的相对含量最高,分别占42.52%和36.57%.参照Owuor香气指数(F1),1号、5号和滇红工夫茶样的F1值最高,其次是3号茶样,2号和4号茶样的F1值较低.F1值越高的红茶,其香型较好,这与实际茶叶审评中香气审评结果一致.     

不同方法提取的龙胆草不同部位的挥发性化学成分分析

利用GC-MS技术对分别用不同提取方法提取到的龙胆草根、茎、叶、花的挥发性成分进行分析,结合NIST2012谱图库检索出其主要化学成分.结果表明,采用3种方法在龙胆草的4个部位提取到116个化合物,用不同方法提取的龙胆草同一部位的挥发性成分及相对含量差异明显,用同一方法提取的龙胆草不同部位的挥发性成分大致相同,主要表现为成分相对含量上的差异,其中水蒸气蒸馏法提取到的主要为苯类、醇类、酰胺,同时蒸馏萃取法提取到的主要为苯类、酮类、醇类;顶空固相微萃取法提取到的主要为醇类、酮类、酯类.通过提取分析比较可知,如需研究龙胆草中某一挥发性成分,可用3种方法中的某一种及龙胆草的某一部位来进行大量提取.3种方法对龙胆草的不同部位的挥发性成分的提取均有较大的贡献,这为龙胆草的研究提供了进一步的科学依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.