羟基磷灰石的制备及其在含铅废水处理中的应用

以磷石膏为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,采用沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石(HAP),结合FT-IR、XRD、SEM等手段对材料进行表征.以合成的羟基磷灰石作为吸附剂处理含铅废水,探讨p H、HAP的投加量、吸附时间及Pb2+初始浓度等对去除率的影响.优化实验确定最佳的实验条件为:HAP投加量为2 g/L,Pb2+初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附时间为20 min,其中溶液p H值对Pb2+的吸附基本没有影响.结合SEM/EDX对吸附前后HAP进行分析,结果进一步证实Pb2+被吸附在HAP上.     

合成纳米锰钾矿去除废水中Cd2+的实验研究

利用合成纳米锰钾矿去除模拟废水中Cd(Ⅱ),研究不同去除反应条件对废水中镉离子去除率的影响.结果表明:合成纳米锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd2+的去除平衡时间约为2h;在Cd2+质量浓度为50mg·L-1、溶液初始pH=6.50、反应温度25℃、处理剂粒径96～120μm、每升模拟废水中投加2g合成纳米锰钾矿时,平衡后Cd2+去除率为90.6%.当Cd2+质量浓度不高于300 mg·L-1时,吸附等温线近似符合Langmuir模型,合成纳米锰钾矿最大理论吸附量为120.5mg·g-1.纳米锰钾矿对于Cd2+的去除是表面配位吸附、静电吸附、离子交换三种模式共同作用的结果.     

Removal of Cd (Ⅱ) by Synthetic Nanocryptomelane from Sewage

利用合成纳米锰钾矿去除模拟废水中Cd (Ⅱ),研究不同去除反应条件对废水中镉离子去除率的影响.结果表明:合成纳米锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd2+的去除平衡时间约为2 h;在Cd2+质量浓度为50 mg · L-1、溶液初始pH=6.50、反应温度25℃、处理剂粒径96～120μm、每升模拟废水中投加2g合成纳米锰钾矿时,平衡后Cd2+去除率为90.6％.当Cd2+质量浓度不高于300 mg·L-1时,吸附等温线近似符合Langmuir模型,合成纳米锰钾矿最大理论吸附量为120.5mg·g-1.纳米锰钾矿对于Cd2+的去除是表面配位吸附、静电吸附、离子交换三种模式共同作用的结果.     

块状花生壳吸附Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的特性研究

研究块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附特性.考察吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间和溶液初始浓度等对吸附的影响,在此基础上拟合分析吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明:吸附36h达到平衡,块状花生壳对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型.在25℃,Cd2+和Pb2+的初始浓度为100mg/L时,块状花生壳对二者的吸附量分别可达到10.47mg/g和17.37mg/g.     

膨润土负载壳聚糖处理含镉废水的实验研究

以脱乙酰度为90%壳聚糖为原料,制备膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂,用于吸附含镉废水溶液中的Cd2+.探讨壳聚糖负载量、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、Cd2+初始质量浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,对于初始质量浓度为10mg/L的含镉模拟废水溶液,在膨润土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,加入量为8g/L,pH=6,吸附时间为50min的条件下,Cd2+的去除率在94%以上.该吸附剂经再生处理后可循环使用4次.     

耐铅锌微生物对矿山酸性废水中Zn2+和pb2+吸附性能分析

以分离于某铅锌矿选矿废水排水沟土壤中的菌株T1为对象,研究重金属离子Zn和Pb初始质量浓度、pH、吸附时间、吸附温度和菌体浓度等因素对菌株T1吸附矿山酸性废水中Zn2+和pb2+的影响.结果表明:考虑处理效果与经济成本的优化,在Zn2+和pb2+的初始质量浓度分别为100 mg/L和30 mg/L,溶液pH4.0,菌体质量浓度3g/L,吸附时间6h,温度30℃的条件下,菌体T1对Zn2+和pb2+的最大吸附率分别为79.86％和69.04％,此时吸附量分别为26.62 mg/g和6.9 mg/g.在一定的质量浓度范围内(Zn2+为25～125 mg/L,pb2+为10～50 mg/L),菌株T1吸附Zn2+和pb2+的过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,该过程以表面吸附为主.     

4A和13X分子筛去除水中重金属Cd~(2+)及其吸附性能研究

以4A和13X分子筛为吸附材料,考察废水pH值和Cd2+初始浓度等对Cd2+去除率的影响,并研究了分子筛对Cd2+的吸附性能。结果表明,4A和13X分子筛投加量为0.16g/L、废水pH值为5、Cd2+浓度为20mg/L时,Cd2+去除率达到95%以上;分子筛对Cd2+的去除机理以离子交换吸附为主,交换出来的Na+与分子筛吸附的Cd2+摩尔浓度比为2;在吸附热力学和动力学方面,4A和13X分子筛均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Lagergren二级速率方程,计算的饱和吸附容量Q0分别为150.15、163.67 mg/g,二级反应速率常数K2分别为2.45×10-3、3.96×10-4 g/(mg·s)。该吸附反应是一种单分子层反应速度较快的化学吸附过程。     

食用菌菌糠对重金属离子的吸附性

利用廉价生物吸附剂去除污水中Pb2+和Zn2+的技术,研究了食用菌菌糠的吸附特性,调查污水pH、重金属初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和温度对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在食用菌菌糠吸附剂用量分别为16g/L和12g/L,pH值分别为5和6,初始重金属质量浓度为20mg/L,吸附时间为3h,25℃条件下,达到了最大吸附量,对Pb2+和Zn2+的去除率分别达到92.79%和88.96%,处理后的Pb2+和Zn2+质量浓度分别为1.442mg/L和2.208mg/L,接近污水综合排放标准(GB8978—1996)中的排放质量浓度1mg/L和2mg/L.食用菌菌糠对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附等温线符合Fleundlich模式.     

盐改性沸石处理低浓度含镉废水的研究

采用盐溶液对沸石进行改性,考察了改性沸石吸附处理低浓度含镉废水的影响因素,研究结果表明,在废水质量浓度为10.93mg/L、pH为7.37、改性沸石用量为1.0g、吸附时间为50min、反应温度为25℃的条件下,水中Cd2+最高去除率达到98.99%.     

细菌纤维素的制备及其吸附Cd2+的研究

以木葡糖酸醋杆菌为菌株,通过L18(37)正交试验优化发酵生产细菌纤维素的条件.将制得的细菌纤维素用于吸附重金属离子Cd2+,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并进一步模拟吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明,纤维素制备的最佳发酵条件为:玉米浆干粉5%,蔗糖6%,发酵液初始pH值6.0,菌种加入量12%,二级种子活化时间22 h及静态发酵时间7 d.在此条件下纤维素产量为12.36 g/L.pH值是影响细菌纤维素对Cd2+吸附效果的重要参数.对Cd2+的吸附符合二级反应动力学特征和Langmuir吸附等温方程,并具有良好的线性,说明细菌纤维素对Cd2+是典型的单分子层吸附.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.