用标准k-ε模型求解二维紊动淹没射流

本文认完整的纳维埃—斯托克斯方程出发,分别采用紊动粘性系数为常数的紊流模型相标准k-ε紊流模型,求解船闸中的二维紊动淹没射流。计算结果与实测结果值的比较表明,标准k-ε模型远优于常数模型,它能准确地预测紊动淹没射流涡旋区的非边界层型的复杂流态及紊动动能的分布。     

横流条件下垂直动量射流数值模拟

运用标准k-ε紊流模型和易实现k-ε紊流模型对横向流动条件下垂直动量射流的混合特性进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,2个模型均较好地复演了横向流动条件下垂直动量射流的传播和混合过程.在时均特性方面,2个模型的模拟结果相近,计算结果与前人的试验结果吻合较好.在紊动特性方面,计算的紊动强度分布趋势与试验结果吻合较好,且易实现k-ε紊流模型的模拟结果要优于标准k-ε紊流模型,但2个模型都不足以从定量上描述横向射流的紊动特性.     

回流流动及各向异性剪切紊流的数值模拟

本文对两类复杂紊流——存在回流区的单边突扩流动和强各向异性的剪切紊流进行了数值模拟．利用简化的紊流应力代数模型闭合紊流运动方程组进行计算，将计算结果与实测结果及k-ε紊流模型的计算结果作了比较．通过计算和对紊流模型进行结构分析可见，本文的模型能较好地模拟回流和紊流的各向异性特征，而k-ε模型不能．     

在水工水力学中应用紊流模型的若干问题

本文分析了水工水力学中常见水流的一些特点:(1)高雷诺数、紊动剧烈;(2)非边界层型的流动,其突出的代表是迥流;(3)弯曲边界的曲率效应.介绍了几种可以解决上述问题的、比较成熟的紊流模型及其优缺点、适用范围、典型算例;重点分析混合长假设的局限性,介绍k-ε模型和应力-通量代数模型.据此,对于如阿采用合适的紊流模型更好地解决水工水力学中的某些遗留问题,提出了具体建议.     

高坝下游水垫塘中三种典型流态的数值模拟

用垂向二维k-ε紊流模型数值模拟了高坝下游水垫塘流场结构,并与实测流速值进行了比较.研究结果表明,用该模型及相应的k-ε紊流模型边界条件模拟是可行的.采用该模型分别模拟了下游水深降低、水舌入水角变化时水垫塘内的流场结构,得出了自由冲击射流、淹没冲击射流和面流三种典型流态,描绘了三种流态下水垫塘流体质点的迹线特征,给出了流速、动水压差、紊动能和耗散率的分布规律.研究结果表明,水垫塘应避免出现自由冲击射流流态,可以通过加大水垫深度、减小入水角、控制流态来实现淹没冲击射流或面流流态,以降低底板动水压差、紊动能和耗散率,保证水垫塘的安全运行.     

用k_ε紊流模型及有限元法解二维异重流方程

本文用水沙混合水流的运动方程和质量守恒方程作为二维泥沙异重流的控制方程,用k-ε紊流模型闭合雷诺应力,用有限元法解上述方程组,计算了泥沙异重流的流速、含沙量、紊动动能和紊动粘滞系数的分布,并与试验的流速和含沙量资料进行了对比,最后分析了含沙量与紊动动能、流速的关系,阐述了在含沙水流中紊动动能有可能转化为水流的势能.     

基于含沙紊动水流掺混长度的含沙量垂线分布

根据Prandtl掺混长度理论对紊流动量传递的假设,推广得到挟沙水流中泥沙扩散对应的含沙紊动水流掺混长度。类比Prandtl动量传递系数与紊流掺混长度的关系,由含沙紊动水流掺混长度推导出与实测数据吻合较好的泥沙扩散系数,得到新的含沙量垂线分布公式,并利用多个海域实测资料对其进行验证。验证结果表明,新的含沙量垂线分布公式能够较客观地反映含沙量垂线分布规律。     

非正交曲线同位网格三维水动力数值模型

建立一个自由表面三维水动力学计算模型，平面采用贴体坐标变换，竖直方向σ坐标变换，基于有限体积法，同位网格布置即流速，压力布置于同一控制点上，自由表面由二维水深积分方程中的水位方程求解，运用SIMPLEC法求解速度－压力耦合问题，动水压力校正方程校正压力和流速场，标准k-ε紊流模计算紊动粘性系统以封闭Reynolds应力项，运用该数值模糊模拟S形弯道水流三维流动。     

两相湍浮力分层流k-ε模型

将研究精细的两相湍浮力分层流预报模型作为目标,广泛地涉及了两相湍浮力分层流精细模拟的理论和方法．以通用的ｋ－ε湍流模型为基础,考虑了浮力对紊动的影响,建立了两相湍浮力分层流的ｋ－ε模型,对存在速度和密度分层的湍浮力流动进行了数值模拟．计算结果正确地反映了分层及紊动特征,与实测结果吻合较好     

紊动浮射流中的普朗特数取值研究

采用k-ε双方程模型研究存在浮力的传热流动问题时，数学模型中的参数-紊动普朗特数的取值大小对模拟计算的流速和温度分布存在不同程度的影响．本文在已有实验推荐的取值范围的基础上，采用圆柱轴对称坐标系下的k-ε模型，研究了不同紊动普朗特数取值对数值模拟结果逼近真实值的影响程度．研究得到紊动普朗特数取值的变化对轴线流速的大小和分布影响很小，即数值模拟得到的轴线上的流速仍能很好的预报出实验或真实流速值；但对温度分布影响较大，且紊动普朗特数的取值越小，数值模拟出来的轴线上的温度值与真实值相比偏小．得出了紊动普朗特数在大小不同雷诺数下的合理取值变化范围，其结论对采用数学模型研究各种复杂流动具有指导意义．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。