阿姆河右岸生物礁滩储层的横波速度预测方法

为提高阿姆河右岸生物礁滩储层叠前弹性参数反演的精度和可靠性,采用岩石物理测试分析的纵、横波速度的关系式估算小孔隙度储层的横波速度,采用基于基质矿物等效体积模量反演方法、碳酸盐岩孔隙结构反演方法和Xu-White模型方法估算中、大孔隙度储层的横波速度。用该方法计算的横波速度结果与没有考虑该区孔隙结构的计算方法结果对比,精度明显提高,并且和实际测井的横波速度曲线也更加吻合。根据阿姆河右岸生物礁储层的特点,对储层孔隙结构分类采用不同的横波预测方法,更适合于该区的生物礁滩储层反演和油气预测。     

AVO技术在气藏预测中的应用

AVO技术以弹性理论为基础,对地震反射振幅随炮检距的变化特征进行研究,以达到利用地震反射振幅信息检测油气的目的.分析了AVO反演的技术流程,对无实测横波资料的井采用优化Xu-White模型进行横波预测,并对叠前地震资料利用蓝色滤波技术进行拓频处理.叠前AVO反演方法选择同步反演法,同时反演得到纵波阻抗、横波阻抗及密度数据体,在此基础上提取出各种弹性参数,结合区域地质和测井解释气层标准,达到岩性及气层预测的目的.通过将该技术在中国东部某区块的应用,证明所预测的气层厚度与测井解释结果的相对误差小于4%,预测精度较高.     

鄂尔多斯盆地C区长8储层岩石力学参数剖面建立方法

为了精确预测鄂尔多斯C区长8储层岩石力学表征参数,在文献调研基础上,归纳总结出岩石力学性质表征参数的预测方法,并结合研究区资料,利用纵波时差和体积密度联合预测横波时差、密度与纵横波速度联合预测岩石弹性参数、自然伽马和体积模量预测岩石强度参数。研究表明:岩石弹性参数预测方法主要包括密度与纵横波速度联合预测法、泥质含量估算泊松比预测法;岩石强度参数主要利用泥质含量和杨氏模量预测。基于上述方法建立的C区长8储层岩石强度剖面较好地揭示了单井岩石力学参数纵向变化特征。     

基于岩石物理模型的页岩气储层横波速度估算方法

页岩的微观结构相对于常规储层更加复杂,目前大多数应用于估算横波速度的岩石物理模型仅适用于各向同性岩石。考虑页岩储层中粘土颗粒的定向分布和水平缝引起的各向异性,本文综合自相容近似(SCA)、微分等效介质模型(DEM)、Backus平均和Brown-Korringa方程,构建了一种适用于页岩的各向异性模型;然后将矿物组分、孔隙度和孔隙纵横比等代入到所建立的各向异性模型中,即可获得相应的横波速度。岩样测试数据和测井数据的计算结果表明,利用该模型估算页岩的横波速度与实测数据吻合得很好,与各向同性有效介质模型相比具有更高的精度。     

基于近似流体替代的快速无迭代横波速度预测方法

 横波速度对于储层表征、流体识别具有重要意义。实际测井数据中横波速度信息缺乏,因而横波速度预测已成为岩石物理研究的重要内容。经验回归公式法横波速度预测都是建立在水饱和岩石的基础之上,油气饱和储层横波速度预测需要先对流体进行替代。利用无需横波速度的流体替代方法预测油气储层饱含水时的纵波速度,克服了传统流体替代方法需要横波速度的局限。再借助水饱和岩石纵波速度-横波速度回归关系式实现储层完全饱含水时的横波速度预测。进而通过密度校正,获得储层含油气时的横波速度,建立了一种快速无迭代的横波速度预测方法。将该方法成功地应用于实际测井资料的横波速度预测,预测结果表明,预测精度相对未进行流体替代的预测结果,有较大的提高,说明快速无迭代横波速度预测方法是行之有效的。     

用模拟退火神经网络技术进行波阻抗反演

利用基于模拟退火算法的神经网络技术进行测井约束的波阻抗反演，可根据数据本身之间的内在联系建立一个自适应非线性认知系统，只要在输入端输入特征数据，便能在输出端得到期望输出值，而不必关心系统本身的内部机理。在反演前，从测井资料中整理出地层波阻抗参数，用神经网络建立起地震波特征和地层波阻抗参数的映射关系，然后再利用这种映射关系进行外推，得到其它地震道所对应的波阻抗参数。在训练过程中，引入了模拟退火算法，使网络能有效地避开局部极小，这样可以提高收敛速度和拟合精度。     

川东北地区碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度预测方法研究

许多研究都已经证实在碳酸盐岩储层中孔隙结构对声波速度影响很大,因此在孔隙度反演时必须考虑孔隙结构的影响。通过对Gassmann方程的合理简化并引入Eshelby-Walsh干燥岩石椭球包体近似公式;导出了计算岩石孔隙结构参数的公式,并统计分析出岩石孔隙结构与其它弹性参数间的变化规律。利用这种统计规律推出了考虑碳酸盐岩孔隙结构孔隙度计算公式。由于该式计算孔隙度时考虑了纵波速度、横波速度、密度、岩石孔隙结构参数的影响,使求取孔隙度更加合理。最后测井数据试算结果与川东北地区应用实例都证实利用该方法预测碳酸盐岩孔隙度精度高于常规方法。     

基于贝叶斯理论的振幅随偏移距变化三参数同步反演

受多种因素的影响,常规叠后地震道波阻抗反演不能得到可靠的波阻抗及其他岩性信息,而叠前波阻抗反演却可以得到比常规叠后波阻抗反演更丰富、更有效的岩性信息.为此建立了振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)波阻抗反演公式的一阶差分模型及褶积模型,推导了基于贝叶斯理论的AVO波阻抗反演公式,给出了采用Huber分布作为模型参数的先验分布及测井数据的参数协方差矩阵作为约束条件的实现方法,并利用共轭梯度法计算了纵、横波阻抗及密度.结果表明,利用该方法可提高叠前反演问题的稳定性和反演结果的可靠性,反演得到的纵、横波阻抗及密度可用来进一步计算流体及孔隙度等信息,为岩性及含油气性解释提供可靠依据.     

一种碳酸盐岩储层横波速度估算方法

根据岩石物理理论,使用相关岩石物理模型分别计算岩石基质、干燥岩石骨架以及饱和岩石的弹性模量,进而计算碳酸盐岩储层的横波速度。基于碳酸盐岩孔隙的形状和连通性,将孔隙划分为孔洞、粒间孔隙、裂隙及泥质孔隙四种类型,对应地分别计算各类孔隙的纵横比和孔隙度,确定碳酸盐岩储层孔隙微结构参数。提出基于自适应遗传算法的矿物组分弹性模量计算方法,使用实测纵波速度作为约束条件反演求取岩石矿物组分的体积模量和剪切模量,确定碳酸盐岩储层的岩性参数。将该横波速度计算方法用于实际研究区的测井资料,取得了较好的效果,证明了方法的有效性,为复杂碳酸盐岩储层预测提供了有利的帮助。     

用长源距声波全波列测井资料估算岩石力学参数

Schlumberger公司目前所用的由长源距声波全波列测井资料估算岩石力学参数的方法和程序中,将接收到的瑞利波当作横波处理,由于瑞利波速度V_R低于横波速度V_s,因此算出的泊松比σ及杨氏弹性模量均存在较大的系统误差。本文以中原油田Wen-33-26井的长源距声波全波列资料为例,将所测得的井下“横波”速度当作瑞利波速度处理,求得的泊松比和杨氏弹性模量值更为合理。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.