磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭工艺

以林业废弃物杨木屑为原料,采用正交试验法探讨以磷酸为主活化剂,浓硫酸为辅助活化剂,在不同工艺条件下制备活性炭,测定其亚甲基蓝脱色力和碘的吸附值,考虑活化因素对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,确定最佳工艺参数.试验结果表明:磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭的最佳工艺条件为浸渍比1∶2.5,浸渍浓度60%,活化时间90 min,活化温度550℃.     

微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,获得了此工艺制备污泥活性炭的最佳条件,即:固液比1g:1.5m L,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol·L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s.此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg·g-1,比表面积为354 m2·g-1,产率为74.09%,吸附性能和产率均优于传统方法制备的污泥活性炭.     

一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究

对废弃一次性筷子的综合利用进行了探索性的实验研究,以一次性筷子为原料制备活性炭,采用条件实验比较氯化锌法和磷酸法对一次性筷子活化效果的影响。结果表明,磷酸法制备出的活性炭性能优于另外一种方法。以磷酸为活化剂,研究了浸渍比、活化温度、活化剂浓度、活化时间对活性炭的得率和碘吸附值的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件:活化剂浓度50%,活化温度500℃,浸渍比3:1,活化时间60min,浸渍时间12h下,所制得活性炭的碘吸附值为863.10mg/g。     

脱水污泥活性炭的制备及其吸附特性研究

以城市污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥为原料,采用化学活化法并结合传统的直接加热技术制备脱水污泥活性炭,研究了影响脱水污泥活性炭吸附特性的各种因素.研究结果表明:制备脱水污泥活性炭的优化条件是活化剂为5 mol·L-1ZnCl2+5 mol·L-1H2SO4混合溶液,固液比为1∶2.5,复配比为2∶1,浸渍时间为24 h,活化温度为600℃,活化时间为20 min.制备的脱水污泥活性炭碘吸附值为939.7 mg.g-1,产率为69.03%,其吸附特性优于商品活性炭.     

微波磷酸法制备玉米芯活性炭

以玉米芯为原料,采用磷酸活化、微波辐照的方法制备活性炭,以碘吸附值为指标考察玉米芯活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上采用响应曲面法考察微波时间,浸渍时间,磷酸体积分数,液料比等因素对玉米芯活性炭吸附性能的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数.结果表明,各因素对碘值的吸附性影响的显著性表现为:微波时间磷酸体积分数浸渍时间液料比,通过响应面法优化的最佳工艺条件为,微波时间8 min,浸渍时间18.79 h,液料比20∶1(m L/g),磷酸体积分数为57.25%,该条件下制备的活性炭的碘值为2 188.09 mg/g.     

微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究*

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,研究了氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭的工艺条件,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验,得到试验室条件下微波法制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺条件,即：固液比1g:1.5mL,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol.L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s。此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg.g-1,产率为74.09％。     

马铃薯废渣玉米秸秆活性炭的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以玉米秸秆、马铃薯废渣为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备了活性炭,并对其进行了BET、TG/DTG、SEM等表征.研究了原料、浸渍比对活性炭样品吸附亚甲基蓝性能的影响,用准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型以及Langmuir、Freundlich、Toth吸附等温模型对亚甲基蓝吸附数据进行了拟合.结果表明,在马铃薯废渣与玉米秸秆干重比为1∶1,浸渍比为150%,活化温度为700℃,活化时间为60min的条件下,所得活性炭吸附性能最优,对亚甲基蓝的吸附量可达383.0mg·g-1,为国家一级品标准的2.84倍.     

磷酸法竹质活性炭的制备及其二次活化处理的研究

通过磷酸活化法将毛竹废料制备成活性炭,再利用硝酸钴高温分解的氧化钴来对其二次活化改性。考察了其制备和改性工艺。研究确定活性炭的最佳制备条件为:磷酸浓度80%,浸渍比为6∶17 g/g,活化时间为2.5 h,活化温度为550℃,产品对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色力值为650 mL/g。活性炭的适宜改性条件为:用质量分数为7.5%的硝酸钴水溶液按1.5∶5 g/mL浸渍比浸渍改性90 min,并在400℃焙烧3 h。产品对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色力值为1 150 mL/g,与未改性产品相比较,提高了76.92%。     

木屑活性炭的制备及其对水中酸性红的吸附研究

运用磷酸浸渍硼酸催化法制备木屑活性炭,并进行了其对水中酸性红的平衡吸附实验.研究结果表明木屑活性炭制备的最佳工艺条件为：磷屑比为1：1,硼酸投加量为3％,活化温度为400℃,该条件下所制备的生物活性炭对酸性红的理论最大吸附量可达到442.40mg/g.相对于Freundlich方程,该活性炭对酸性红的吸附等温线与Langmuir方程拟合的更好.当吸附时间达到2h时活性炭吸附达到平衡,吸附过程能较好的拟合准二级动力学方程,吸附以化学吸附为主.     

不同活化因素对秸秆活性炭孔结构的影响

以K_2CO_3为活化剂,辣椒秸秆为原料制备活性炭,研究活化温度、活化时间、浸渍比和浸渍时间等影响因子对活性炭孔结构的影响.以比表面积、总孔容及碘吸附值为表征指标,对活性炭孔结构进行分析.结果表明,在给定的取值范围内,随着影响因子值的增加,比表面积和碘吸附值都呈现先升高后降低的趋势.在800℃活化温度、120min活化时间、2∶1浸渍比、24h浸渍时间的最佳条件下,制备的活性炭比表面积和碘吸附值的最大值分别达到1 753.983m~2/g,1 754mg/g,总孔容为0.893cm~3/g,平均孔径2nm,微孔率达84%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.