首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
选择引发剂为氯代苯乙烷或溴代丙酸乙酯、过渡金属化合物为氯化亚铜或溴化亚铜、配体为设计合成的二哌啶乙烷或双正丙基亚砜乙烷的催化引发体系,研究不同温度下开放体系中苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的催化引发原子转移自由基聚合过程.结果表明,在一定的转化率范围内,就单体浓度而言聚合反应为一级反应,聚合过程中的活性自由基中心浓度很低,约为10^-7~10^-8mol/L.此外,还根据不同温度下的聚合反应速率常数推算出苯乙烯和甲基丙酸甲酯两种单体的原子转移自由基聚合反应的表观活化能.  相似文献   

2.
原子转移自由基聚合是一种新的活性自由基聚合方法,研究了氯乙腈/氯化亚铜/2,2’联吡啶引发的苯乙烯本体聚合反应,考察了单体转化率与相对分子质量之间的关系,并初步探讨了聚合反应动力学。  相似文献   

3.
原子转移自由基聚合是一种新的活性自由基聚合方法。研究了氯乙腈/氯化亚铜/2,2'-联吡啶引发的苯乙烯本体聚合反应,考察了单体转化率与相对分子质量之间的关系,并初步探讨了聚合反应动力学。  相似文献   

4.
合成了一种新型的引发剂二-4-溴甲基过氧化苯甲酰[(BrCH2)2BPO],以(BrCH22BPO为引发剂,在4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧(T)存在下进行苯乙烯的本体聚合,再以所得聚苯乙烯为大分子引发剂,在80℃下进行苯乙烯的原子转移自由基聚合反应,根据所得聚合物GPC谱图,对稳定自由基聚合中热引发作用进行了研究。研究表明双分子引发体系的苯乙烯稳定自由基聚合,反应体系T浓度越高,热引发产生的聚合物链在所得聚合物链中所占的比例也越高。  相似文献   

5.
以单分散的聚乙二醇和2-溴异丁酰溴为原料,通过酰溴化反应制备了一系列大分子引发剂,继而利用原子转移自由基聚合技术合成出了结构明确的ABA型光敏性双亲嵌段共聚物,并用红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计、核磁共振仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪等对产品的结构进行了表征,由于能吸收紫外光的肉桂酰基在聚合后得以保留,该聚合物具有一定的光敏性.最后,对聚合反应的规律进行了探讨,研究结果表明,该聚合过程具有原子转移自由基聚合的特征。  相似文献   

6.
表面接枝聚合物修饰可以明显降低无机纳米粒子的表面极性,提高其与聚合物基体的相容性及分散稳定性,从而显著提高聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的机械强度和耐热性能等.在表面接枝聚合物修饰方法中,无机纳米粒子表面引发原子转移自由基聚合反应是其中最为有效的方法.本文所制备的聚(对氯甲基苯乙烯)接枝纳米氧化硅,表面具有大量最常用的原子转移自由基聚合引发基团-氯苄基,可以作为一种大表面引发原  相似文献   

7.
介绍了原子转移自由基聚合反应这一新型的活性自由基聚合方式,综述了利用这种聚合方法制备的多种结构的聚合物,包括嵌段共聚物,交替共聚物,接枝共聚物,星形聚合物,超支化聚合物,梳形聚合物等。  相似文献   

8.
采用沉淀法、以CuCl/乙二胺(EA)/α-氯乙苯(I-PECl)为引发体系,研究了丙烯酰胺水溶液的聚合反应,测定了单体浓度对聚合反应速率的影响,以及聚合反应转化率和聚合物分子量与反应时间的关系。结果表明,此聚合反应体系是按照原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)机理进行反应的。  相似文献   

9.
分别采用溴化苄、2-溴丙二酸二乙酯和2-溴-2-甲基丙二酸二乙酯作引发剂,在CuBr/2,2‘-联吡啶配位化合物催化下,进行了苯乙烯的原子转移自由基聚合,在90 ̄130℃范围内研究了温度对聚合反应级所得聚合物相对分子质量及其分布的影响。实验发现,在温度为110℃时聚合速率最大。  相似文献   

10.
以FeCl2 为催化剂 ,选用不同有机酸作为配体 ,用不同引发剂 (苄氯 ,对硝基溴化苄 ,四氯化碳等 )催化引发了苯乙烯的原子转移自由基聚合反应 (AtomTransferRadicalPolymerization简称ATRP) ,获得了可控聚合产物 (相对分子质量分布 1.1~ 1.5 ) ,所得聚合物的相对分子质量随转化率的增加而增加 .结果表明 ,FeCl2 /二苯乙醇酸和FeCl2 /丙二酸体系是有效的苯乙烯原子转移自由基聚合反应的催化体系  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

14.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

15.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

16.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号