内酸酐去对称化方法合成多羟基环己基β-氨基酸手性中间体

多羟基环己基手性β-氨基酸及其衍生物具有重要的药物、生物和合成用途.本文报道以廉价的内消旋cis-1,2,3,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐为起始原料,以奎宁为手性试剂,通过去对称化、Curtius重排和醇解以及分子内立体选择性碘内酯化和消除反应等五步反应,以近40%的总产率简捷地合成光学活性多羟基环己基β-氨基酸的关键中间体.     

(1R,2S,3R,4S,6R)-2,3,4-三羟基-2-(苄氧羰基氨基)-环己烷甲酸苄酯的高立体选择性合成

多羟基环己基手性β-氨基酸及其衍生物具有重要的药物、生物和合成用途.本文对从内消旋cis-1,2,3,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐经去对称化得到的内酯关键中间体(2)的绝对构型进行了确定,并通过邻二羟基化和内酯开环,经两步反应以45%的产率从化合物(2)高立体选择性地合成了光学活性的(1R,2S,3R,4S,6R)-2,3,4-三羟基-2-(苄氧羰基氨基)-环己烷甲酸苄酯(6).     

纯手性的三联吡啶氨基酸—汞（Ⅱ）配合物的合成与表征

手性超分子组装是复合手性多功能材料的有效途径,是超分子化学研究的前沿领域.以纯手性三联吡啶氨基酸配体S-2（4-（2,6-di（pyridin-2-yl）pyridin-4-yl）benzylamino）propanoic acid（Htpy）和碘化汞在水热条件下反应,合成一个新的纯手性配合物[Hg2（Htpy）2（Ⅰ）4]·2H2O（1）,并通过单晶X-射线衍射测试、红外光谱和元素分析对该化合物进行结构表征.在该化合物中,两个晶体学上独立的手性的单核配合物结构单元共结晶于同一晶体中.这两个手性的单核配合物结构单元各自通过配体Htpy的氨基酸基团间的氢键作用组装形成手性相反的一维螺旋链结构.     

含多个手性中心的麻黄碱衍生物的合成

首次利用天然麻黄碱作为亲核试剂与手性5－烷氧基－3,4－二卤－2（5H）－呋喃酮反应,得到了含多个手性中心的麻黄碱衍生物5－（S）－烷氧基－4－麻黄碱基－3－卤－2（5H）－呋喃酮,产率70％－80％。所有化合物均经IR,^1HNMR,MS以及元素分析得到确证,为室温下方便地制备含多个手性中心的麻黄碱衍生物化合物提供了一条可能的新途径。     

从天然氨基酸到咪唑衍生物

天然氨基酸是较好的手性来源．在碱性条件下与乙二醛、甲醛经过缩合反应生成了（S）-2-（咪唑-1-基）羧酸钠，再在甲醇中和氯化亚砜反应制得手性咪唑羧酸甲酯．进一步以二胺为桥联剂，经直接胺解获得双咪唑化合物．对所制化合物进行了结构表征．     

手性磺内酰胺诱导的不对称Diels-Alder反应及其结构与手性诱导的关系

不对称Ｄｉｅｌｓ Ａｌｄｅｒ反应是不对称合成中最常用的反应之一 ,广泛应用于药物、天然产物及各种手性化合物的合成 .使用手性辅助剂控制Ｄｉｅｌｓ Ａｌｄｅｒ反应过程中的立体化学的研究倍受重视[1 ] .近 2 0年来 ,手性辅助剂的合成及其在不对称合成中的应用的研究取得了较大的进展 ,从樟脑、氨基酸等天然资源合成的手性辅助剂 ,如樟脑磺内酰胺、氧杂吡咯烷酮类已成功应用于许多不对称有机反应中[2 ,3] .我们曾报道了光学纯的三环磺内酰胺 1的合成及其在不对称Ｄｉｅｌｓ Ａｌｄｅｒ反应中的应用[4] .为了进一步研究三环系磺内酰胺手性…     

含多个手性中心的精氨酸衍生物的合成

用天然（L）-精氨酸与手性5-（S）-5-（l-Mong氧基）-3,4-二卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮反应得到了含多个手性中心的精氨酸衍生物5-（S）-5-（l-Mong氧基）-4-（8′-N代精氨酸基）-3-卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮,其产率为72%-87%,de≥98%（^1HNMR）。所有化合物均经IR,^1HNMR,MS以及元素分析得到确证,为室温下方便地制备含多个手性中心的精氨酸衍生物化合物提供了一条可能的新途径。     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法直接测定不对称合成药物的光学纯度

在纤维素三（苯基氨基甲酸酯）涂敷的硅基高效液相色谱手性固定相上,以乙腈水为流动相,直接测定了一类不对称合成手性药物———甲砜霉素衍生物的光学纯度,结果比较理想．说明高效液相色谱手性固定相法是测定手性化合物光学纯度的一种简便可靠的方法．     

高效液相色谱手性固定相法直接测定不对称合成药物的？…

在纤维素－三（苯基氨基甲酸酯）涂敷的硅基高效液相色谱手性固定相上，以乙腈－水为流动相，直接测定了一类不对称合成手性药物－甲砜霉素衍生物的光学纯度，结果比较理想，说明高效液相色谱手性固定相法是测定手性比化合物光学纯度的一种简便可靠的方法。     

几种新的手性咪唑(鎓)环番的合成与表征

本文以L-氨基酸为手性源，在文献[8]的基础上进一步合成了几种含有多个手性中心的手性咪唑（鎓）环蕃，并进行了结构表征．在碱性条件下，L-氨基酸和乙二醛、甲醛经过缩合反应生成（S）-2-（咪唑-1-基）羧酸钠，进一步酯化为甲酯后继与丙二胺经过胺解反应制得开链手性双咪唑二酰胺．开链手性双咪唑丙二酰胺与二溴化物在高稀技术和无水条件下季铵化，制得了目标分子。     

Proline-catalysed Mannich reactions of acetaldehyde

Small organic molecules recently emerged as a third class of broadly useful asymmetric catalysts that direct reactions to yield predominantly one chiral product, complementing enzymes and metal complexes. For instance, the amino acid proline and its derivatives are useful for the catalytic activation of carbonyl compounds via nucleophilic enamine intermediates. Several important carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, including the Mannich reaction, have been developed using this approach, all of which are useful for making chiral, biologically relevant compounds. Remarkably, despite attempts, the simplest of all nucleophiles, acetaldehyde, could not be used in this way. Here we show that acetaldehyde is a powerful nucleophile in asymmetric, proline-catalysed Mannich reactions with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-Boc)-imines, yielding beta-amino aldehydes with extremely high enantioselectivities-desirable products as drug intermediates and in the synthesis of other biologically active molecules. Although acetaldehyde has been used as a nucleophile in reactions with biological catalysts such as aldolases and thiamine-dependent enzymes, and has also been employed indirectly, its use as an inexpensive and versatile two-carbon nucleophile in asymmetric, small-molecule catalysis will find many practical applications.     

脱氢松香酰二胺表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以歧化松香为原料合成4个甜菜碱类化合物4a～4d和1个阴离子化合物3c,并对目标产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)、临界胶束浓度的表面张力值(ycmc)、乳化性质(EP)和泡沫性质(FP)进行测定和比较,结果表明4c具有良好的乳化能力和表面活性,有望应用到手性分离中.     

羧酸衍生物的烯醇盐的立体选择性氧化二聚反应

综述羧酸衍生物的烯醇盐氧化二聚成键的规律，重点是立体选择性的过程。近期进展是利用手性辅助试剂，如各种不同的手性酯和手性酰胺不对称合成立体专一性的1，4-二羰基化合物．为不对称合成琥珀酸衍生物提供了有效方法。     

Approach to synthesis and structure of chiral multi-functionalized organophosphorus derivatives

The researches of phosphorus chemistry are ranging over a wide field, which reaches many other branches of science including biochemistry and industrial technology. In the new century, many phosphorus compounds will play a more important role in the new 揾igh-tech?areas such as life science, medical drugs, nanometer technology, etc.[1,2]. And meanwhile, the asymmetric synthesis of various natural and nonnatural compounds, which contain cyclopropane components and organophosphorus group, has at…     

藤黄酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以藤黄酸为原料分别与氨基酸反应,合成了一系列新型的藤黄酸衍生物,其结构经MS、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR确证.采用磺酰罗丹明B(sulfurhodamine B)法测试目标化合物对人肺癌A549、人黑色素瘤A375、人肝癌HepG2和人胃癌BGC823细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性.结果显示,大多数化合物表现出较强的抗肿瘤活性.其中含非极性小基团侧链的氨基酸衍生物的活性普遍较高,化合物3和4的活性明显高于藤黄酸对照品;部分含极性氨基酸的衍生物的活性下降并且针对不同细胞株体现了不同的选择性.     

Enantioselective magnetochiral photochemistry

Many chemical and physical systems can occur in two forms distinguished solely by being mirror images of each other. This phenomenon, known as chirality, is important in biochemistry, where reactions involving chiral molecules often require the participation of one specific enantiomer (mirror image) of the two possible ones. In fact, terrestrial life utilizes only the L enantiomers of amino acids, a pattern that is known as the 'homochirality of life' and which has stimulated long-standing efforts to understand its origin. Reactions can proceed enantioselectively if chiral reactants or catalysts are involved, or if some external chiral influence is present. But because chiral reactants and catalysts themselves require an enantioselective production process, efforts to understand the homochirality of life have focused on external chiral influences. One such external influence is circularly polarized light, which can influence the chirality of photochemical reaction products. Because natural optical activity, which occurs exclusively in media lacking mirror symmetry, and magnetic optical activity, which can occur in all media and is induced by longitudinal magnetic fields, both cause polarization rotation of light, the potential for magnetically induced enantioselectivity in chemical reactions has been investigated, but no convincing demonstrations of such an effect have been found. Here we show experimentally that magnetochiral anisotropy--an effect linking chirality and magnetism--can give rise to an enantiomeric excess in a photochemical reaction driven by unpolarized light in a parallel magnetic field, which suggests that this effect may have played a role in the origin of the homochirality of life.     

Amino acids from ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues

Amino acids are the essential molecular components of living organisms on Earth, but the proposed mechanisms for their spontaneous generation have been unable to account for their presence in Earth's early history. The delivery of extraterrestrial organic compounds has been proposed as an alternative to generation on Earth, and some amino acids have been found in several meteorites. Here we report the detection of amino acids in the room-temperature residue of an interstellar ice analogue that was ultraviolet-irradiated in a high vacuum at 12 K. We identified 16 amino acids; the chiral ones showed enantiomeric separation. Some of the identified amino acids are also found in meteorites. Our results demonstrate that the spontaneous generation of amino acids in the interstellar medium is possible, supporting the suggestion that prebiotic molecules could have been delivered to the early Earth by cometary dust, meteorites or interplanetary dust particles.     

新型手性杯[4]芳烃氨基醇衍生物的合成

杯[4]芳烃与1,2-二溴乙烷反应合成1,3-二溴乙氧基杯[4]芳烃衍生物(化合物1),化合物1分别与乙醇胺和S-(+)-4-甲基-2-氨基-1-戊醇反应,较高产率地合成了含氨基醇片段的杯[4]芳烃衍生物(化合物2)和含手性氨基醇片段杯[4]芳烃衍生物(化合物3).新化合物的结构经元素分析、1HNMR和ESI-MS等表征证实,其结构为1,3-二取代模式且为锥式构象.     

钯催化烯丙基酯亲核取代反应的研究进展

钯催化不对称烯丙基取代反应是一种合成手性化合物的重要方法之一. 本文综述了近年来钯催化烯丙基酯衍生物亲核取代反应的研究进展,重点讨论了钯催化剂、烯丙基酯衍生物底物的结构、亲核试剂类型、溶剂及添加剂等因素对烯丙基亲核取代反应的影响. 并对可能的反应机理进行了讨论.     

分子的结构矩阵及其与物性的相关性研究

继分子拓扑图的距离矩阵、邻接矩阵之后,创建了分子的结构矩阵。借助于分子的结构矩阵建立了预测化合物性质的数学模型,并预测了醇类化合物、手性有机酸的色谱保留指数以及氯代苯的辛醇/水分配系数。研究表明,分子结构矩阵既适合于链状化合物性质的预测,也适合于某些母体为单环和手性化合物性质的预测,与分子的距离矩阵和邻接矩阵相比具有较高的结构选择性。