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1.
One of the most important kinds of queries in Spatial Network Databases (SNDB) to support location-based services (LBS) is the shortest path query. Given an object in a network, e.g. a location of a car on a road network, and a set of objects of interests, e.g. hotels, gas station, and car, the shortest path query returns the shortest path from the query object to interested objects. The studies of shortest path query have two kinds of ways, online processing and preprocessing. The studies of preprocessing suppose that the interest objects are static. This paper proposes a shortest path algorithm with a set of index structures to support the situation of moving objects. This algorithm can transform a dynamic problem to a static problem. In this paper we focus on road networks. However, our algorithms do not use any domain specific information, and therefore can be applied to any network, This algorithm's complexity is O(klog2i), and traditional Diikstra's comolexitv is O((i + k)^2).  相似文献   

2.
Multi-instance multi-label learning(MIML) is a new machine learning framework where one data object is described by multiple instances and associated with multiple class labels.During the past few years,many MIML algorithms have been developed and many applications have been described.However,there lacks theoretical exploration to the learnability of MIML.In this paper,through proving a generalization bound for multi-instance single-label learner and viewing MIML as a number of multi-instance single-label learning subtasks with the correlation among the labels,we show that the MIML hypothesis class constructed from a multi-instance single-label hypothesis class is PAC-learnable.  相似文献   

3.
A Voronoi-based spatial algebra for spatial relations   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
Spatial relation between spatial objects is a very important topic for spatial reasoning, query and analysis in geographical information systems (GIS). The most popular models in current use have fundamental deficiencies in theory. In this paper, a generic algebra for spatial relations is presented, in which (i) appropriate operators from set operators (i.e. union, intersection, difference, difference by, symmetric difference, etc.) are utilized to distinguish the spatial relations between neighboring spatial objects; (ii) three types of values are used for the computational results of set operations-content, dimension and number of connected components; and (iii) a spatial object is treated as a whole but the Voronoi region of an object is employed to enhance its interaction with its neighbours. This algebra overcomes the shortcomings of the existing models and it can effectively describe the relations of spatial objects.  相似文献   

4.
By making use of multiple acquisitions of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations over the same area, tomographic-SAR (tomo-SAR) technology can achieve three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the objects of interest. The compressive sensing (CS) approach has been applied to deal with the sparseness of the elevation signals. Due to its sparsity and convexity, the L1-norm regulariza- tion, as an approximated Lo-norm with an exact solution, has been employed in CS to reconstruct the reflectivity profile of the objects. In this paper, based on our studies on polarimetric scattering and SAR imaging simulations, we produce numerical multi-pass tomo-SAR observations of the terrain object. Then, we present the CS with novel L1/2- norm regularization to realize 3-D reconstruction. As a non-convex optimization problem, the L1/2-norm regularization is solved by an iterative algorithm. This numerical simulation of tomo-SAR imaging and 3-D reconstruction of the object modeling can be of great help for parameterized analysis of tomo-SAR imagery. As an example, a tomo-SAR image and 3-D reconstruction of the Beijing National Stadium model are presented.  相似文献   

5.
Tangible augmented reality (TAR) technology opens a novel realm which integrates the computer-generated elements into the real word. Its applications into design education have been explored with a limi-tation to this entire area. TAR offers an innovative learning space by merging digital learning materials into the format of media with tools or objects which are direct parts of the physical space. It is therefore conceived that such combination opens new perspectives in teaching and learning. This paper presented and evaluated one TAR system to improve the pedagogical effectiveness of experiential and collaborative learning process in urban design education. The results from the experiments were analyzed under a previously developed theoretical framework, which show that TAR can enhance the design activities in some collaborative work.  相似文献   

6.
Classifier learning methods commonly assume that the training data and the testing data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. However,in many practical situations,this assumption is violated. One example is the practical action videos with complex background and the universal human action databases of Kungliga Tekniska Hgskolan (KTH). When training data are very scarce,supervised learning is difficult. However,it will cost lots of human and material resources to establish a labeled video set which includes a large amount of videos with complex backgrounds. In this paper,we propose an action recognition framework which uses transfer boosting learning algorithm. By using this algorithm,we can train an action recognition model fitting for most practical situations just relaying on the universal action video dataset and a tiny set of action videos with complex background. And the experiment results show that the performance is improved.  相似文献   

7.
In medical research and clinical diagnosis, automated or computer-assisted classification and retrieval methods are highly desirable to offset the high cost of manual classification and manipulation by medical experts. To facilitate the decision-making in the health-care and the related areas, in this paper, a two-step content-based medical image retrieval algorithm is proposed. Firstly, in the preprocessing step, the image segmentation is performed to distinguish image objects, and on the basis of the segmentation results, the boundary of each object is extracted to simplify each object feature space; and then in the second step, the binary vector for each object is generated to record their spatial information; and based on these local binary vectors, the global image vector is obtained. The proposed algorithm provides potential method for large image database retrieval and browsing.  相似文献   

8.
Moving object detection in video surveillance is an important step. This paper addresses an automatic object detection algorithm based on spatio-temporal compensation for video surveillance. Temporal difference of the pairs of two frames with a k-frame distance is utilized to obtain coarse object masks. Usually, object regions in these coarse masks have discontinuous boundaries and some holes. Region growing with the distance constraint is proposed to compensate these coarse object regions in spatial domain, followed by filling holes. The added distance constraint can prevent object regions from growing infinitely. The proposed filling holes method is simple and effective. To solve the temporarily stopping problem of moving objects, temporal compensation is proposed to compensate the object mask by utilizing temporal coherence of moving objects in temporal domain. The proposed detection algorithm can extract moving objects as completely as possible. Experimental results have successfully demonstrated the validity of the proposed algorithm.  相似文献   

9.
We present two recent methods, called UTAGMS and GRIP, from the viewpoint of robust ranking of multicriteria alternatives. In these methods, the preference information provided by a single or multiple Decision Makers (DMs) is composed of holistic judgements of some selected alternatives, called reference alternatives. The judgements express pairwise comparisons of some reference alternatives (in UTAGMS), and comparisons of selected pairs of reference alternatives from the viewpoint of intensity of preference (in GRIP). Ordinal regression is used to find additive value functions compatible with this preference information. The whole set of compatible value functions is then used in Linear Programming (LP) to calculate a necessary and possible weak preference relations in the set of all alternatives, and in the set of all pairs of alternatives. While the necessary relation is true for all compatible value functions, the possible relation is true for at least one compatible value function. The necessary relation is a partial preorder and the possible relation is a complete and negatively transitive relation. The necessary relations show consequences of the given preference information which are robust because “always true”. We illustrate this methodology with an example.  相似文献   

10.
<正>The purpose of this paper is to study the construction of concept lattice from variable formal contexts.Composition and decomposition theories are proposed for the unraveling of concept lattice from contexts with variable attribute set in the process of information updating.The relationship between the extension sets of the original context and that of its sub-context is analyzed.The composition and decomposition theories are then generalized to the situation involving more than two sub-contexts and the situation with variable attribute set and object set.  相似文献   

11.
A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
T Poggio  S Edelman 《Nature》1990,343(6255):263-266
The visual recognition of three-dimensional (3-D) objects on the basis of their shape poses at least two difficult problems. First, there is the problem of variable illumination, which can be addressed by working with relatively stable features such as intensity edges rather than the raw intensity images. Second, there is the problem of the initially unknown pose of the object relative to the viewer. In one approach to this problem, a hypothesis is first made about the viewpoint, then the appearance of a model object from such a viewpoint is computed and compared with the actual image. Such recognition schemes generally employ 3-D models of objects, but the automatic learning of 3-D models is itself a difficult problem. To address this problem in computational vision, we have developed a scheme, based on the theory of approximation of multivariate functions, that learns from a small set of perspective views a function mapping any viewpoint to a standard view. A network equivalent to this scheme will thus 'recognize' the object on which it was trained from any viewpoint.  相似文献   

12.
《清华大学学报》2020,25(1):68-80
Camera-equipped mobile devices are encouraging people to take more photos and the development and growth of social networks is making it increasingly popular to share photos online. When objects appear in overlapping Fields Of View(FOV), this means that they are drawing much attention and thus indicates their popularity. Successfully discovering and locating these objects can be very useful for many applications, such as criminal investigations, event summaries, and crowdsourcing-based Geographical Information Systems(GIS).Existing methods require either prior knowledge of the environment or intentional photographing. In this paper, we propose a seamless approach called "Spotlight", which performs passive localization using crowdsourced photos.Using a graph-based model, we combine object images across multiple camera views. Within each set of combined object images, a photographing map is built on which object localization is performed using plane geometry. We evaluate the system's localization accuracy using photos taken in various scenarios, with the results showing our approach to be effective for passive object localization and to achieve a high level of accuracy.  相似文献   

13.
空间数据模型是建立城市三维地理信息系统的核心问题。基于不同的城市空间对象划分方法 ,提出了城市三维地理信息系统的 18个空间数据模型 :①把空间现象抽象为点对象、线对象、规则面对象、规则体对象、不规则对象和DTM等 6类对象 ,基于 6种几何元素 (点、直线段、多边形、函数构造面、TIN面片、规则体素 )的不同组合 ,提出了城市三维地理信息系统的 9个空间数据模型 ;②把空间现象抽象为 5类对象 ,分别为零维空间对象 (点对象 )、一维空间对象 (线对象 )、二维空间对象 (面对象 )、三维空间对象 (体对象 )和DTM ,基于 6种几何元素的不同组合提出了 8个空间数据模型 ;③把空间现象抽象为零维对象、一维对象、二维对象、三维对象和DTM ,基于点、直线段、TIN面片、多边形、规则面、不规则面等 6类几何元素提出了一个空间数据模型。通过对一个数据模型的实验验证和各模型的理论分析 ,说明了这些模型的特点及可行性。  相似文献   

14.
为了简化三维物体的识别过程,提高三维物体识别的识别率,该文利用Multi-scale autoconvolution、Trace变换、Zernike矩3种仿射不变性特征,对飞机、汽车、人等三维物体进行视点空间划分,用尽可能少的不等间隔的三维物体的二维投影图像来表达三维物体,并以此为依据进行三维物体识别。在此基础上提出一种针对不同类型物体的仿射不变性特征提取策略,并建立一个实现三维物体任意姿态识别的软件系统平台,应用Princeton形状标准库中的部分模型对该平台进行测试。结果表明,该方法能够取得较好的识别效果,识别率在90%以上。  相似文献   

15.
基于仿射不变性特征的视点空间划分   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了简化三维物体的识别过程,提高三维物体识别的识别率,该文利用Multi-scale autoconvolution、Trace变换、Zernike矩3种仿射不变性特征,对飞机、汽车、人等三维物体进行视点空间划分,用尽可能少的不等间隔的三维物体的二维投影图像来表达三维物体,并以此为依据进行三维物体识别。在此基础上提出一种针对不同类型物体的仿射不变性特征提取策略,并建立一个实现三维物体任意姿态识别的软件系统平台,应用Princeton形状标准库中的部分模型对该平台进行测试。结果表明,该方法能够取得较好的识别效果,识别率在90%以上。  相似文献   

16.
裂纹识别一直是机器视觉领域的重要研究内容,尤其是与之相关的自动检测算法在近年来备受关注。深度学习作为机器学习的一个分支,其在裂纹识别方面已显现出强大的功能和灵活性。本文对基于机器学习的裂纹识别技术的发展情况、研究现状以及典型方法进行详细介绍:首先介绍了多种机器学习方法在裂纹识别领域的应用,并从特征提取算法和应用对象等方面介绍了支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)、K最近邻(K-Nearest Neighbor, KNN)、神经网络、决策树和随机森林等常用的分类器;其次,从网络模型、数据集和应用对象等方面介绍了深度学习方法在裂纹识别领域的应用。同时,本文还对近20年(2000-2020年)的81篇相关文献进行对比分析,认为未来金属裂纹的识别依旧是热门研究,多种算法的混合会逐渐替代单一算法成为今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

17.
为准确识别出三维物体,提出了一种新的物体特征框架,采用密集采样的多分辨率网格来描述物体观测图像的局部特征,引入Markov随机场模型对网格节点之间的几何关系进行建模。不同图像之间的匹配通过最高置信度优先算法实现,以获取两图像各个节点之间的准确匹配关系以及全局相似度。在Coil-100(columbiaobjectimagelibrary)图像数据库上,以100个物体的4、8、18、36个视角的样本为模板,用其他68、64、54和36个视角的样本进行测试,该算法识别率分别为95.75%、99.30%、100.0%和100.0%,识别准确率明显高于文献中的方法,这说明算法在基于观测图像的物体识别领域有着非常好的应用前景。  相似文献   

18.
KBMDS:基于知识的地图数据库系统   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
KBMDS是在MDS地图数据库的基础上,结合AI技术,面向地图的基于知识的地图数据库系统,它具有四种功能:编辑功能、查询功能、学习功能和人机交互功能。系统采用了框架语义网络知识表达方法及其揄机制实现对图象物体的描述和检索,基于查询实例的学习功能提高了系统的查询效率,基于规则的图象物体描述的自动知识获取的途径。KBMDS提供了两种查询语言,一种是具有二维文法的QPE;一种是具有线性文法的LIPL语言  相似文献   

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