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1.
采用直链淀粉含量不同的玉米淀粉为原料,在环氧丙烷与次氯酸钠用量一定的条件下,进行氧化和羟丙基化复合变性,研究变性顺序对淀粉理化性质的影响.之后分析了改性玉米淀粉的透明度和Brabender黏度,并用X射线衍射法进行了表征.实验结果表明:氧化-羟丙基淀粉羰基和羧基的摩尔取代度更高,羟丙基-氧化淀粉的羟丙基摩尔取代度更高;氧化-羟丙基淀粉比羟丙基-氧化淀粉的透明度更高;羟丙基-氧化淀粉的峰值黏度高于氧化-羟丙基淀粉;两种变性方法均未改变淀粉分子的晶型;复合改性与改性顺序密切相关,先反应的起主导作用;支链淀粉含量高有利于氧化改性,直链淀粉含量高有利于羟丙基醚化改性.  相似文献   

2.
采用Brabender连续黏度测定仪,系统研究了三偏磷酸钠交联、环氧丙烷羟丙基化以及羟丙基、交联复合改性对玉米淀粉糊稳定性的影响.结果表明:玉米淀粉经交联改性后,起糊温度下降,糊的黏度稳定性得到改善,但冻融稳定性变化不明显;羟丙基改性降低了玉米淀粉的起糊温度,改善了淀粉的冻融稳定性,但黏度稳定性变化不大;采用羟丙基和交联复合改性能显著提高淀粉糊的黏度稳定性和冻融稳定性,其中,先交联后羟丙基改性对淀粉糊的稳定性改善更为明显.  相似文献   

3.
以羟丙基淀粉为原料,对其进行乙酰化处理,制备乙酰化羟丙基复合改性淀粉.研究了乙酰化及羟丙基化反应程度控制、反应温度、反应时间、pH和淀粉乳体积分数对复合改性淀粉取代度的影响.采用中心组合实验设计确立了乙酰化羟丙基淀粉制备的数学模型,通过响应面法优化及预测乙酰化羟丙基淀粉的制备条件.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为羟丙基淀粉的取代度为0.15,淀粉乳体积分数40%,醋酸酐添加量6.65%,pH值为8.30,反应温度25℃,反应时间30 min.  相似文献   

4.
对不同改性程度的羟丙基羧甲基淀粉冻融稳定性、透明度进行分析,并采用糊化黏度仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、红外光谱分析羟丙基羧甲基复合改性淀粉的糊化过程.结果表明,淀粉先羟丙基化后羧甲基化复合改性后,提高了淀粉糊的冻融稳定、透明度及黏度,降低了糊化温度,使淀粉遇冷水可溶,红外分析显示,原淀粉上已接入了羟丙基和羧甲基基团.  相似文献   

5.
以实验室自制马铃薯羟丙基淀粉为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂制备马铃薯交联羟丙基淀粉.通过单因素实验考察了三偏磷酸钠用量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对马铃薯交联羟丙基淀粉交联度的影响.结果表明,三偏磷酸钠用量为1%,pH值11,反应温度35℃,反应时间2h时交联度最高.性能实验表明,交联羟丙基淀粉的冻融稳定性、热稳定性、透明度较原淀粉有所提高.  相似文献   

6.
阳离子淀粉的干法研制   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
用3-氯-2羟丙基三甲胺氯化物和碱性催化剂的混合物,在干燥条件下,与淀粉(例如玉米淀粉反应,以制备阳离子淀粉,该方法没有任何污染。  相似文献   

7.
羟丙基淀粉消化性能的研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
应用In-Vitro模型研究了羟丙基淀粉颗粒及其糊的消化性能,结果表明:羟丙基化能够提高淀粉颗粒的消化速度,增加消化产物;对于羟丙基淀粉糊,则随取代度增大,消化速度减慢,消化产物减少,取代度大于2.0的高取代度羟丙基淀粉,相同条件下其消化速度远远小于低取代度淀粉糊,甚至小于取代度的淀粉颗粒。  相似文献   

8.
为了解决速冻汤圆耐煮性较差的问题,研究选取不同种类的木薯基变性淀粉与糯米粉复配,以新鲜汤圆和速冻汤圆为研究对象,探究了变性淀粉种类和添加量对汤圆耐煮性的影响。将4种木薯基变性淀粉与糯米粉进行复配,通过测定汤圆粉的黏度及汤圆的硬度,比较变性淀粉对汤圆粉糊化性质及汤圆耐煮性的影响差异,确定适合添加的变性淀粉种类及添加量。结果显示,磷酸酯淀粉对汤圆耐煮性有提高作用,且羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(羟丙基质量分数为3.3%,中等交联度)作用效果更显著,而羟丙基淀粉(羟丙基质量分数为3.0%)有良好的抗回生效果。两种变性淀粉复合添加时既可以提高汤圆耐煮性,同时也能起到良好的抗回生效果。汤圆粉的较佳配方为羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(羟丙基质量分数为3.3%,中等交联度)、羟丙基淀粉(羟丙基质量分数为3.0%)、糯米粉的质量比为8∶2∶90,此条件下汤圆耐煮性得到明显的提高。该结论旨在为速冻汤圆的生产加工和变性淀粉在速冻食品中的应用提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

9.
以3-氯-2-羟丙基三烷基氯化铵为醚化剂,通过改变醚化剂的烷基链长和醚化剂对淀粉的用量,制备了3个系列具有不同烷基链长的季铵型阳离子淀粉,并以淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率、断裂强度、断裂功、耐屈曲性、吸湿性及水溶时间为量化指标,研究了季铵取代基中烷基链长对淀粉浆膜性能的影响.结果表明:季铵取代基中烷基链长对淀粉的成膜性和浆膜性能有显著的影响;当季铵取代基中烷基的碳原子数不超过2时,淀粉的季铵化变性能够增加淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率、断裂功及耐屈曲次数,改善淀粉浆膜的韧性;若烷基上的碳原子数达到3时,由于取代基团的强疏水性能,这种季铵化变性只会使淀粉的成膜性及浆膜性能下降,不宜作为纺织浆料使用.此外,在淀粉分子链上引入氯化三甲基铵羟丙基和氯化三乙基铵羟丙基,均能改善淀粉的可退浆性.根据经纱上浆对浆膜性能及可退浆性的要求,宜选择3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵醚化剂对淀粉进行季铵型阳离子改性.  相似文献   

10.
介绍了以玉米淀粉和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为原料,采用干法制取高取代度阳离子淀粉,用其对高岭土悬浮液进行了絮凝处理,讨论了沉降时间、阳离子淀粉用量、pH值对絮凝效果的影响,结果表明:阳离子淀粉对高岭土悬浮液絮凝处理的最佳条件为沉降时间32min、阳离子淀粉用量10mg/L、pH=5,在该条件下,高岭土悬浮液浊度可降至1.0.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

17.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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