浅谈项目的成本控制管理

项目施工过程中成本控制的好坏，直接影响到项目的盈亏情况，因此，为确保项目的良性循环发展，施工过程中的成本控制至关重要。在施工过程中的成本控制主要在以下几个方面：     

论施工过程中的成本控制

要做好施工过程中的成本控制，首先要做好施工成本预测，在此基础上实行成本提前控制。成本控制是个动态过程．是围绕合理确定和有效控制工程施工成本这个基本内容，采用全过程全方位的施工管理、经济与技术相结合的有效手段，实施主动控制，以期实现利润最大化。本文主要阐述了施工过程中成本控制的方法。     

从施工角度探讨工程成本控制要点

讨论了施工过程工程成本控制的重要性和施工企业成本控制存在的问题，对施工过程工程成本控制要点分析，并提出改进成本控制的建议。     

烧结过程控制专家系统(Ⅰ)─—系统总体控制方案和系统总体结构

为了提高我国烧结生产过程控制水平，作者将数学模型与人工智能相结合，建立了烧结过程控制专家系统，并应用于烧结生产过程的离线控制，取得了较好的效果．本文着重分析烧结过程及其控制的特点，研究烧结过程的总体控制方案以及烧结过程控制专家系统的总体结构．     

工程进度控制特点及混凝土坝工程进度控制的发展

工程施工进度计划从制定到实施是一个动态的过程，它引导施工生产活动的一系列步骤，贯穿整个工程建设的始终。计划能否实现，关键在于实施过程中的控制。论文介绍了工程进度控制的基本理论和概念，分析了工程进度控制的主要特点，总结了混凝土坝工程进度控制的发展过程，以期为相关工程提供参考。     

施工过程中质量控制与管理

摘要本文介绍了项目施工过程质量控制的重要性，制定质量计划的主要内容，如何培训、优选项目班子成员及施工人员，如何控制建材、建筑构配件和设备的质量，推行科技进步，全面质量管理，提高质量控制水平。本文主要从管理角度上阐述如何控制项目在施工过程中的质量控制。     

吴江市D级地籍GPS控制网的数据处理与分析

介绍了吴江市D级GPS控制网改造过程中的数据处理，尤其是新旧控制网的衔接过程，探讨了选用起算点的方法，并对苏州独立坐标的使用提出了建议。该控制网的数据处理过程对其他城市做GPS控制网改造时有一定的参考价值。     

木糖醇发酵过程中溶解氧的模糊控制

针对木糖醇发酵过程中溶解氧浓度控制难的现状，应用模糊控制技术对其进行控制。通过对发酵过程中空气流量、罐内压力及搅拌速度的模糊优化，结合用专家知识建立的模糊 控制库，采用合成推理运算、最小隶属模糊决策等设计方法，实现FUZZY－PID控制。实验表明，该控制方法行之有效，并取得较好的控制效果，能适应工业过程控制。     

道桥施工过程的质量控制

道桥施工过程的质量控制是工程项目质量控制的核心，本文从施工过程的材料的选取、设备、施工工艺、环境、人，这几个方面进行分析探讨施工过程的质量的控制，并用实例进行论证分析。     

浅谈建筑施工中的质量控制

施工是生产建筑产品的具体实施过程，是产品的生产过程的关键阶段，而施工过程中的质量控制显得尤为重要，因此必须要抓好质量控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the