疏水性离子液体对含Cu~(2+)废水萃取性能的研究

制备了1-烷基3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[C_nMIm]PF_6(n=2,4,6)离子液体,以Cu~(2+)为对象,采用紫外光谱分析为检测方法,研究了不同离子液体对重金属离子的萃取性能,研究了螫合剂、萃取平衡时间、溶液pH、离子液体侧链长度、助溶剂以及离子液体用量等因素对萃取重金属的影响.结果表明,螯合剂对离子液体萃取重金属能力影响很大.当体系中未加入螯合剂时,离子液体对Cu~(2+)的萃取率仅为2%左右;而随着螯合剂双硫腙的加入,其萃取效率均达91%以上.3种离子液体中,以[C_6MIm]PF_6的萃取效率最好.同时离子液体在萃取重金属离子过程中,表现出很强的pH摆动效应,当pH2时,Cu~(2+)的萃取率均小于2%,而当pH8时,Cu~(2+)的萃取率均高于90%.利用这一摆动效应,可将Cu~(2+)从废水中分离出来.     

离子液体[Bmim]PF_6萃取四环素类抗生素的研究

用疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6萃取分离了四环素类抗生素.用紫外分光光度法进行了检测,同时考察了萃取体系的pH值、萃取的时间、离子液体的用量以及离子液体-水萃取体系对萃取率的影响.结果表明:萃取过程很快就能达到平衡,并且比传统的有机溶剂具有更好的萃取效果;La(Ⅲ)-TC(TC为四环素)、La(Ⅲ)-OTC(OTC为土霉素)和La(Ⅲ)-CTC (CTC为金霉素)的最高萃取率分别为94.13%,51.15%和95.68%.     

疏水性离子液体萃取脱色水溶性染料实验研究

初步研究了疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6对6种水溶性染料的萃取脱色性能. 结果表明,离子液体对酸性染料平均萃取脱色率超过95%,弱酸性染料64.9%,活性染料18.5%. 离子液体染料萃取的pH响应模式随染料结构不同而变化, 当废水pH由1.5增至12.5时酸性黄RN萃取脱色率由99.8%减至13.4%;弱酸性艳蓝RAWL萃取脱色率基本不随pH变化;活性黑KN-G2RC pH 5.5时,萃取脱色率为最佳. 温度升高染料萃取脱色率随之升高. 冠醚加入可提高了离子液体对活性染料的萃取脱色, 活性黑KN-G2RC和活性黄M-5R分别由加入前的31.5%和5.5%提高到81.6%和82.7%.     

离子液体[Bmim]PF6萃取处理硝基酚废水

以1-甲基咪唑、氯代正丁烷和六氟磷酸钾为原料,采用两步法制备了疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6,并用红外光谱及核磁共振对其进行了表征.对[Bmim]PF6萃取废水中的硝基酚,以及离子液体的回收进行了初步研究.实验结果表明:邻硝基酚和对硝基酚在离子液体和废水两相的分配系数分别可达16和30以上,并随pH值的减小和离子液体用量的增大而增大;当pH<2时,两种硝基酚的萃取率都可达93%以上,可用调整pH值进行反萃的方法回收离子液体;当pH=12时,经5次反萃,离子液体相中的硝基酚即可基本被全部反萃,离子液体可重复使用;用回收的离子液体重复萃取硝基酚,萃取效果基本不变.     

通过镍（Ⅱ）-硫键和碘离子基元反应有理合成碘-二硫醇盐桥联的双核镍-镍配合物

本文报道由于碘离子对不稳定的Ni（Ⅱ）-S（芳基硫醇盐）键的亲核作用,使得Fe（CO）4I2和Ni（SR）2（dppe（SR=芳基硫醇盐）之间的反应生成NiI2（dppe）。含碘和二芳基硫醇盐离子桥联的Ni-Ni双核配合物[（dppe）Ni（μ-I）（μ-pdt）Ni（dppe）]I和[（dppe）Ni（μ-I）（μ-edt）Ni（dppe）]I可方便地由[NiI2（dppe）]和[Ni（pdt）（dppe）]或[Ni（edt）（dppe）]在二氯甲烷的溶液中的反应制得;该类反应可认为是由于硫醇盐离子基团中S-供体上的孤对电子对Ni-I键的进攻所致。另一方面,我们观察到[FeCp（CO）2I]和[Ni（pdt）（dppe）]或[Ni（edt）（dppe）]在二氯甲烷中的反应极其缓慢;但当向上述反应体系中加入NH4PF6进行复分解置换后,源于碘离子和Ni（Ⅱ）-S键的作用同样可得到含碘与二芳基硫醇盐离子桥联的Ni-Ni双核配合物[（dppe）Ni（μ-I）（μ-pdt）Ni（dppe）]PF6和[（dppe）Ni（μ-I）（μ-edt）Ni（dppe）]PF6。实验结果说明在本文所讨认的镍（Ⅱ）-硫醇盐离子-膦配合物中,Ni（Ⅱ）-S键的反应活性随桥联的第二金属离子和不同的碘离子基元而改变。     

甲醇-甲乙酮-1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐物系等压汽液平衡数据的测定

在101.3 kPa下,用改进的Othmer釜测定了含摩尔分数分别为5%、8%、10%和20%离子液体1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([OMIM]PF6)的甲醇-甲乙酮-[OMIM]PF6汽液平衡数据,并采用NRTL方程进行关联。实验结果表明,当离子液体[OMIM]PF6的摩尔分数为5%时,甲醇-甲乙酮二组分物系汽液平衡线发生偏离,当离子液体[OMIM]PF6摩尔分数达到8%时,就可以消除甲醇-甲乙酮物系的共沸点;离子液体[OMIM]PF6摩尔分数越大,盐效应越明显,离子液体[OMIM]PF6可以作为甲醇-甲乙酮的萃取剂。     

离子液体[BMIM]PF6的制备及其在萃取中的应用

Mn^3＋/Mn^2＋间接电合成对甲氧基苯甲醛的反应中,为了防止残留有机物污染电极,降低电流效率,用离子液体[BMIM]PF6对化学反应液进行萃取,与有机溶剂苯萃取效果进行比较,并讨论酸度、温度对其萃取效果的影响,结果表明：用离子液体[BMIM]PF6萃取效果优于苯,pH值为1、温度为30℃时,萃取效果好。     

Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)非有机溶剂液—液萃取行为的研究

本文研究了PEG—EBT—(NH_4)_2SO_4体系对Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)的非有机溶剂萃取行为。指出在pH7～10(NH_3H_2O～NH_3Cl)的水溶液中,有(NH_4)_2SO_4存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)可被PEG相几乎完全萃取,而Cd(Ⅱ)基本上不被萃取。从而获得了(d(Ⅱ)与Cu(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)混合离子的定量分离。     

极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对六种重金属离子的生物吸附作用

研究了极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)对Ag 、Cu2 、Mn2 、Ni2 、Pb2 和Zn2 等六种重金属离子的吸附作用.结果表明在pH5.5,吸附时间2h,重金属离子浓度为50mg/l的条件下,极大螺旋藻对六种重金属离子均有较强的吸附作用,其中对Ag 的吸附作用最强,吸附率为92.87%;对Ni2 的吸附作用最弱,吸附率为40.70%.极大螺旋藻对这6种离子的吸附能力依次为Ag ＞Pb2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cu2 ＞Mn2 ＞Ni2 .     

邻二氮菲-正丙醇-硫酸铵-抗坏血酸体系萃取分离和富集Fe(Ⅱ)

用可见分光光度法研究邻二氮菲-正丙醇-硫酸铵-抗坏血酸体系萃取分离和富集铁的行为及铁与一些金属离子分离的条件.结果表明,硫酸铵能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,三元缔合物[Fe(phen)3]SO4能被正丙醇相完全萃取.当溶液中正丙醇、邻二氮菲和硫酸铵的浓度分别为30%(v/v)、7.0×10-4 mol/L和0.2 g/mL时,Fe(Ⅱ)的萃取率达到96.6%～98.4%,Co(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Ni(II)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)基本不被萃取,实现了Fe(Ⅱ)与上述金属离子的分离.对合成水样中铁的分离和测定效果良好.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。