人类胚胎干细胞来源的心肌细胞模型的建立及系统鉴定方案

心肌细胞是研究心血管疾病的重要工具之一,但是人类心肌细胞较难获得和培养.为人类胚胎干细胞诱导分化成心肌细胞提供一个有用的实验方法和鉴定方案.人胚胎干细胞以其多向分化的特性为体外研究提供了细胞资源.在人胚胎干细胞诱导分化为心肌细胞的过程中,通过荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测发现,在分化过程中干细胞标记物Cripto,Dnmt3b,Wnt3,KIF4,Oct4,SOX2和Nanog表达下降,心肌特异性结构蛋白cTnT和α-actinin以及心脏前体细胞分化标记物Nkx2.5表达上升.分化完成后用免疫荧光检测心肌特异性结构蛋白Tnn T2和α-actinin,通过分析Tnn T2阳性细胞的比例,α-actinin阳性细胞的比例,以及Tnn T2和α-actinin双阳性细胞的比例发现,在所提出的胚胎干细胞诱导分化体系中,三者比例分别为90.80%,91.00%,90.91%,表明在此诱导分化条件下人胚胎干细胞可成功分化成为心肌细胞.成功建立了人胚胎干细胞来源的心肌细胞模型以及基于标记物荧光定量PCR及免疫荧光系统检测的鉴定方案,为未来心血管疾病的基础研究及心脏毒性药物检测奠定了一定的基础.     

脂多糖诱导成年大鼠心室肌细胞线粒体融合-分裂动力失衡模型的构建

目的:探讨脂多糖(LPS)在体外诱导成年大鼠心室肌细胞线粒体融合-分裂动力失衡模型的构建方法.方法:Sprague-Dawley大鼠异氟烷麻醉后胸部正中切口取出心脏并连接于心脏灌流装置,用II型胶原酶(质量浓度为0. 3 mg/mL)沿升主动脉逆行灌注消化分离心肌细胞,心肌细胞终止消化并复钙后进行逐级沉淀,加入M199(medium 199)培养基进行培养.对照组采用M199培养基培养,模型组用含有不同质量浓度的LPS(10～1 000ng/mL)培养.用免疫荧光染色方法标记心室肌细胞肌钙蛋白来观察心肌细胞的形态结构,并用不同质量浓度的LPS刺激心肌细胞,TUNEL法和Annexin V/PI双染法检测心肌细胞凋亡情况,免疫荧光法测定心肌细胞中caspase-3和caspase-9的活性,Western blotting法测定心肌细胞Bax、Bcl-2、细胞色素c(Cyt c)和线粒体融合蛋白1(Mfn1)、线粒体融合蛋白2(Mfn2)和视神经萎缩蛋白1 (OPA1)以及线粒体分裂蛋白1 (Fis1)和线粒体动力蛋白1(Drp1)的含量.结果:免疫荧光染色显示培养的为长杆状存活的心肌细胞.与对照组相比,LPS诱导心肌细胞24 h,心肌细胞凋亡阳性细胞数和caspase-3和caspase-9活性较对照组显著增高; LPS组心肌细胞线粒体中促凋亡蛋白Bax及胞浆中Cyt c显著增高,而胞浆中抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2显著降低;线粒体融合蛋白Mfn1、Mfn2和OPA1含量明显减少,而线粒体分裂蛋白Drp1和Fis1显著增多.结论:质量浓度为10 ng/mL的LPS可以显著诱导体外培养成年大鼠心室肌细胞线粒体融合-分裂动力失衡模型的建立.     

MicroRNA-214在慢性心衰大鼠心肌细胞钙调控中的作用与机制研究

证实microRNA-214参与慢性心衰大鼠心肌细胞钙调控过程,并揭示其内在作用机制.冠脉结扎法诱导大鼠慢性心衰模型.实时定量PCR结果显示与假手术组比,心衰组大鼠左心室miR-214表达显著上调(P0.05),Western blot实验法结果显示与假手术组比,心衰组大鼠左心室L-型钙通道β1亚基(Cavβ1)表达显著下调(P0.05).左心室局部肌肉注射agomiR-214导致假手术组和心衰组大鼠左心室收缩压(LVSP)、L-型钙通道电流密度、L-型钙通道β1亚基(Cavβ1)表达均显著降低(P0.05).荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示miR-214能够调节心肌细胞L-型钙通道β1亚基基因CACNB1的表达.结果提示microRNA-214参与慢性心衰大鼠心肌细胞钙调控过程,其机制可能与microRNA-214抑制心肌细胞L-型钙通道β1亚基(Cavβ1)表达有关.     

白藜芦醇对心肌细胞缺氧性损伤的作用

本文的目的是观察白藜芦醇(Res)对大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧性损伤的保护作用.具体是通过建立体外培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧模型,采用MTT法检测心肌细胞活力,相差显微镜观察心肌细胞形态学及细胞搏动频率.结果表明白藜芦醇Res对缺氧诱导的大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞损伤具有良好的保护作用.     

烧烤油烟颗粒物对体外大鼠胚胎细胞的影响

采用微核诱导,姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)诱导以及噻唑蓝比色(MTT)等实验,研究烧烤油烟中的提取物对体外大鼠胚胎细胞微核率和SCE率的影响及细胞毒性作用,然后将实验数据进行统计学处理(SYSTAT软件包处理,t检验).结果显示:(1)各实验组与对照组有非常显著的差异(P<0.01);(2)烧烤油烟中的提取物能诱导大鼠胚胎细胞微核率与SCE率明显增加并对其胚胎细胞生长有明显抑制作用;(3)烧烤油烟提取物有很强的致癌性和致突变性并细胞有很强的毒性作用,且与接触的剂量有依赖关系.     

大鼠胚胎性腺异体异位埋植的研究

为探讨胚胎性腺(睾丸与卵巢)异体异位埋植后的生长发育和内分泌功能,将大鼠胚胎睾丸和卵巢分别移入摘除性腺的成年雄性和雌性大鼠颈部皮下和肾被膜下.埋植后分不同时间取出埋植物,常规染色观察埋植物在异体异位的生长发育.细胞化学和免疫组织化学法观察埋植物的功能状态.放射免疫法测定血清性激素浓度.结果显示埋植的胚胎性腺在异体可生长发育至成年状,3-β羟甾脱氢酶、性激素与性激素受体在睾丸与卵巢的内分泌细胞中呈阳性反应,血清促性腺激素和性激素在埋植后均有明显增加.由此证明胚胎性腺埋植到异体成年大鼠体内后可正常发育并具内分泌功能.     

祛痰化瘀中药复方的抗高血压作用研究

[目的]通过观察在祛痰化瘀中药复方作用下高血压动物模型的心肌细胞结构变化,探讨祛痰化瘀中药复方的抗高血压作用. [方法]建立SD大鼠高血压模型,祛痰化瘀复方煎剂灌胃给药,对照组按1 mL/(100)给予生理盐水灌胃,连续60 d,测量各组大鼠的血压,处死大鼠取心脏组织进行光镜和透射电镜观察. [结果]给药60 d,中药复方高、低剂量组血压值分别为(14.28±3.230) kPa和(14.31±3.503) kPa,与模型组(18.74±2.117) kPa比较,有统计学意义;模型组大鼠心脏组织有灶性的心肌细胞坏死,肌纤维间有大量的纤维结缔组织增生,心肌细胞超微结构出现肌原纤维断裂融解,线粒体变性;中药高剂量组的光镜和电镜观察无明显的病理性改变,中药低剂量组心肌细胞有变性,损伤程度和范围低于模型组. [结论]祛痰化瘀组方可以降低血压,恢复心肌细胞的正常形态结构.     

用大鼠心肌条件培养基建立来源于C57BL/6J小鼠的ES细胞系

报道一种新的建立C57BL/6J小鼠ES细胞系的方法。采用大鼠心肌条件培养基,在不使用饲养层细胞和白血病抑制因子(LIF)的情况下,从C57BL/6J品系小鼠中建成1个ES细胞系即MESPU 41,成系率为1.0%。MESPU 41细胞为XX型,核型正常率高达89%,表现出XX型ES细胞系少有的稳定性。进行体内分化实验时MESPU 41细胞能发生广泛分化形成畸胎瘤。嵌合体制作实验证实MESPU 41细胞具有嵌合能力,能参与胚胎的发育。采用RT-PCR方法,检测出大鼠心肌细胞有LIF mRNA的表达,这可能与其条件培养基保持ES细胞未分化状态并使X染色体稳定有关。同时,还对大鼠心肌细胞进行了永生化的尝试,共得到了4个永生化克隆,这将进一步简化ES细胞建系和培养工作,为进一步研究ES细胞在体外培养过程中的稳定性开创了新的起点。     

FGF-2对大鼠心肌细胞保护作用的机制

目的:探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-2)在内质网(ER)应激中对心肌的保护作用.方法:建立SD大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧模型,使用衣霉素(TM)建立SD大鼠心肌细胞内质网应激模型.观察对照组与FGF-2及牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)治疗组细胞凋亡情况,并使用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测各组心肌细胞活力.Western blot和实时荧光定量核酸扩增(q-RTPCR)检测各组内质网应激相关分子的表达.结果:缺氧/复氧可引起心肌细胞内质网应激增加,与缺氧/复氧组相比,FGF-2预处理组及TUDCA预处理组内质网应激减弱;FGF-2和TUDCA均能改善缺氧/复氧引起的心肌细胞凋亡及活力减弱;FGF-2能够抑制TM诱导的内质网应激;与TM处理组相比,FGF-2预处理组心肌细胞凋亡减弱,细胞活力改善.结论:缺氧/复氧及TM均可以通过内质网应激诱导心肌细胞损伤,而FGF-2可以通过抑制内质网应激而保护心肌细胞.     

新型八元噻吩-乙炔-乙烯环状共轭低聚物的合成及其超分子行为

通过噻吩-乙炔-乙烯交替构建的环状共轭低聚物,因其具有独特的π共轭体系和内部空腔,表现出非线性光学、双光子吸收等特殊光电性质.通过引入联噻吩基团,制备出一种新型的八元噻吩-乙炔-乙烯环状共轭低聚物,其晶体结构表明,该大环分子之间存在不常见的S-π弱相互作用,并且存在有序的分子内通道和分子间通道.扫描电镜显示该环状共轭低聚物能自组装成纤维状固体,长度可达几厘米.荧光光谱研究证实了C_(60)对该环状共轭低聚物具有显著的荧光淬灭作用,说明作为电子给体的该环状共轭低聚物与作为电子受体的C_(60)之间存在超分子行为和电子转移现象.     

Alteration of cadherin isoform expression and inhibition of gap junctions in stomach carcinoma cells

To explore cell malignant phenotype correlated changes of cell surface adhesion molecules and cell-cell communication in carcinogenesis, human stomach transformed and cancer cell lines were investigated. Expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin,α-catenin, β-catenin as well as gap junction (GJ) protein Cx32 were studied by utilization of immunoblotting, immunocytochemical and fluorescent dye transfer methods. Mammalian normal stomach mucosal cells expressed E-cadherin but not N-cadherin. E-cadherin im-munofluorescence was detected at cell membranous adher-ens junctions (AJ) where colocalization with immunofluo-rescent staining of inner surface adhesion plaque proteins αnd β-catenins was observed. The existence of E-cadherin/ catenin (α-, β-) protein complexes as AJ was suggested. In transformed and stomach cancer cells E-cadherin was inhibited, instead, N-cadherin was expressed and localized at membranous AJ where co-staining with α- and β-catenin fluorescence was observed. Formation of N-cadherin/catenin (α-, β-) protein complex at AJs of transformed and cancer cells was suggested. The above observations were further supported by immunoblotting results. Normal stomach muscosal and transformed cells expressed Cx32 at membranous GJ and were competent of gap junction communication (GJIC). In stomach cancer cells, Cx32 was inhibited and GJIC was defective. The results suggested that changes of signal pathways mediated by both cell adhesion and cell communication systems are associated intracellular events of stomach carcinogenesis. The alteration of cadherin isoform from E- to N-cadherin in transformed and stomach cancer cells is the first report.     

Losartan reduced connexin43 expression in left ventricular myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective： To assess the effect of angiotensin II type 1 （AT1） receptor antagonist losartan on myocardium connexin43 （Cx43） gap junction （GJ） expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） and investigate possible mechanisms. Methods： Sixteen 9-week-old male SHRs and 8 age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） rats were included in this study. SHRs were randomly divided into two groups to receive losartan at 30 mg/（kg·d） by oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks （SHR-L） or vehicle （0.9% saline） to act as controls （SHR-V）; WKY rats receiving vehicle for 8 weeks served as normotensive controls. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and the hearts were removed. Expressions of Cx43 and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 （NF-κB p65） proteins in all three groups were observed and further investigations on the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan （30 mg/（kg·d）, 8 weeks） on Cx43 expression were conducted with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NF-κB p65 protein in nuclear extracts was determined by Western blot. Results： Left ventricular （LV） hypertrophy was prominent in SHRs, Cx43 and NF-κB p65 protein expressions were obviously upregulated and Cx43 distribution was dispersed over the cell surface. Treatment with losarton reduced the over-expressions of Cx43 and NF-κB p65 in LV myocardium. The distribution of Cx43 gap junction also became much regular and confined to intercalated disk after losartan treatment. Conclusion： Cx43 level was upregulated in LV myocardium of SHR during early stage of hypertrophy. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan prevented Cx43 gap junction remodeling in hypertrophied left ventricles, possibly through the NF-κB pathway.     

神经系统中的缝隙连接及通讯调节

缝隙连接(gap junction,GJ)是细胞之间进行通讯的直接通道．中枢神经系统中广泛存在这种结构．一些小分子代谢产物和第二信使分子(Ca^ ,IP3,cAMP和ATP)能扩散通过这一结构,这种信使分子的交换为神经细胞提供了短距离和长距离的信息通讯．神经细胞之间的缝隙连接也为神经细胞的同步化活动提供了物质基础．神经细胞之间的GJ通讯受多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-HT和NO等多种物质的调节．     

圆柱状氧化物催化剂强度的测试方法及可靠性分析

分析了反应器床层中催化剂的受力状态和现行强度测试方法的科学性,指出侧压法测强度更真实地代表了催化剂的破坏应力状态。对各种圆柱状工业催化剂的侧压强度数据进行了关联,表明Weibull分布可很好地拟合强度数据,并提出采用Weibull模量作为催化剂强度的质量控制指标和选用依据。相关分析表明:同种工业高温变换催化剂的长度分布也符合Weibull分布。对各种工业高温变换催化剂的长度和强度进行了统计分析,得到结论,现阶段影响国产催化剂强度可靠性提高的控制因素是国产打片机的加工精度和加工性质。     

Homologies between gap junction proteins in lens, heart and liver

The cells in the mammalian lens are electrically and metabolically coupled with each other by a network of gap junctions. These are clusters of transmembrane channels by which the fibre cells situated deeper in the lens communicate through the epithelium with the aqueous humour, the source of nutrients for the lens. Hence gap junctions are important for lens transparency. The gap junction proteins in the mammalian lens have not yet been identified with certainty. A putative fibre gap junction protein of relative molecular mass 26,000 (26K) is not related to those from other tissues, such as the liver 28K junction component. Another lens membrane protein with Mr 70K (MP70) has also been localized in the lens fibre gap junctions. Here we demonstrate by amino-terminal sequence analysis that MP70 and its in vivo-processed form, MP38 (ref. 8), belong to a wider family of gap junction proteins. With this new data on the lens, homologies between gap junction proteins now extend to organs derived from all three embryonal layers, endoderm (liver), mesoderm (heart) and ectoderm (lens).     

中国鱼洗喷水原理研究

喷水鱼洗是中国的稀世文物。本文用物理学原理对鱼洗的喷水现象作了解释,并设计了鱼洗的粉图实验。同时,还作了三种普通水盆的模拟实验比较,指出:凡是厚薄均匀、弹性较好、直径适当的薄圆形盆器,都可以通过手掌对它的摩擦起振产生喷水现象。     

间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体发育中的作用

初步报道已揭示，单克隆抗体ＮＤ６可影响鸡胚水晶体的发育，使之明显增大．ＮＤ６是一种被认为专一于膜蛋白ＭＰ２６细胞外侧段的单抗．ＭＰ２６已被认为是水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的成份．因此，ＮＤ６很可能可阻断水晶体纤维细胞间隙连接的形成．本人试图用定量显微镜技术证实ＮＤ６对水晶体发育的影响与间隙连接数量减少之间的相关性。注射ＮＤ６于２０期鸡胚的右眼；同胚未注射的左眼作为对照．培养２４ｈ后周定，然后作下列三种处理：（１）测量整体水晶体的大小；（２）制备水晶体超薄切片，并统计间隙连接数量；（３）制备鸡胚头部的连续石蜡切片，并统计水晶体纤维细胞的数量．实验结果指出，在ＮＤ６处理２４ｈ，水晶体大小及纤维细胞数量均比对照组明显增大（表１，Ｐ＜０．０１或０．００１）；而间隙连接数量则比对照组明显减少（表２），Ｐ＜０．００１）．这表明，水晶体的增大及纤维细胞的增多是由间隙连接的减少所引起．这些结果证实，间隙连接在鸡胚水晶体的发育中起重要作用．     

银金属氧化物触头材料电弧侵蚀的新型物理－数学模型

为深入理解ＡｇＭｅＯ材料的电弧侵蚀物理过程，基于大量的试验结果，着重分析了电弧能量输入所引起的材料响应过程，特别是材料的物相变化及高温态组织结构特性、粘度、熔化态表面张力等对电弧侵蚀的影响，从电弧侵蚀的两种基本形式即气化蒸发和液态喷溅在不同电流下所起的作用，得出材料物相变化的两个界面分别对应材料电弧侵蚀量的上下限。通过材料组分的热力学性质、材料组织结构及电弧的动力响应对电弧侵蚀机理的影响，建立了简明的材料电弧侵蚀物理模型。最后，在假定电弧弧柱为“点状热源”的基础上，运用有限差分方法对电弧侵蚀物理过程进行了数学模拟，计算结果表明：计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

用昆虫谷氨酸电位检测磷酰胺酯化合物的活性

采用电生理细胞内微电极记录果蝇３龄幼虫神经－肌肉接点的兴奋性接点电位（ｅｘｃｉｔａｔｏｒｙ ｊｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ｐｏｔｅｎ－ｔｉａｌｓ，ＥＪＰ），观察加药前后ＥＪＰ幅值的 变化以及电位是否被阻断及阻断时间，实验结果初步表明：１８种磷酰胺酯ＢＰＯＮ系列均可阻断ＥＪＰ，但它们的阻断时间相关很大，从７．２５ｍｉｎ到４３．００ｍｉｎ。这些化合物对谷氨酸电位的作用可分为三种：１．电位逐渐被阻断；２．电位先     

Evidence for fixed charge in the nexus

The nexus or gap junction has been characterized as a low-resistance junction as well as a highly permeable junctional membrane to many molecules. The transfer of electrical current from one cell interior to another, the aqueous solubility of dyes used to trace cell to cell communication and the fact that these molecules move across the nexus more rapidly than the plasma membrane have led to the hypothesis of an aqueous channel in the junction. Both Ca2+ (ref.11) and H+ (ref. 12) are thought to alter nexal membrane conductance, and a voltage-sensitive gate has been demonstrated within the junction. Recently, Flagg-Newton et al. have concluded that mammalian junctions may contain fixed charge or be of smaller diameter than arthropod junctions. Here we have investigated these alternatives by examining the permeability of nexuses of septa of the median giant axon of Lumbricus terrestris with various derivatives of fluorescein. Both carboxyfluorescein and aminofluorescein were found to have depressed permeabilities relative to their predicted permeabilities based on molecular size and weight (MW). Flourescein diffusion was significantly suppressed in axons pre-injected with aminofluorescein but carboxyfluorescein had no such effect (Table 1). These data suggest the existence of fixed anionic charge within the nexal channel which may have affinity for amino groups.