小曲率半径隧道盾构施工的地表沉降规律分析——以南昌地铁1号线为例

为探究小曲率半径隧道盾构施工引起地表沉降的变化规律，利用Mindlin解建立小曲率半径隧道盾构施工引起地表沉降的解析计算模型，以南昌地铁1号线盾构隧道工程为依托，通过与现场监测和已有Mindlin解析计算模型的对比分析，验证本文所建立沉降预测模型的合理性，并依次从盾构附加推力、盾壳不均匀摩擦力和地层损失对地面变形的影响进行分析。研究结果表明：本文所建立的小曲率半径隧道盾构施工引起的地表沉降解析计算模型可有效应用于实际隧道工程的沉降预测，提高了预测精度；盾构开挖过程中，横断面地表沉降槽呈“V”型，近似正态分布，施工产生的地层损失对地面沉降的影响更大；随着盾构路径两侧推力及摩擦力分布不均程度的增加,地面沉降槽中心偏移情况而增大，地面沉降与地层损失呈非线性相关。研究成果可为类似拟建和在建盾构隧道工程提供理论指导与参考。     

曲线盾构隧道施工地表沉降分析

目的研究盾构法隧道曲线段施工过程中产生的不均匀地表沉降,提高对隧道曲线段地表沉降的预测及计算能力.方法以马来西亚吉隆坡某地铁隧道区间盾构施工为案例背景,通过现场试验、拟合计算及二维数值计算等方法,研究曲线隧道地表沉降计算,分析地表沉降、千斤顶推力等因素之间的关系.结果在经典的隧道施工地表沉降经验计算公式的基础上提出了修正公式,该修正公式更适合于预测计算曲线盾构隧道施工的地表沉降,最大误差值在4%以内.同时给出了地表不均匀沉降量与盾构不均衡推力之间的关系式.结论笔者提出的曲线盾构隧道地表沉降计算公式优于经典的地表沉降经验计算公式,可更准确的描述曲线盾构隧道施工过程中地表沉降槽的形态.     

Peck公式在双线盾构隧道施工地层变形中的适应性分析

收集了杭州地铁1号线盾构隧道、武汉长江盾构隧道引起的地层变形实测数据,对双线盾构隧道施工引起的地表变形规律进行了研究.采用Peck公式对14组数据进行了拟合分析,并给出了杭州和武汉地区双线盾构隧道施工地层变形预测的相关参数.研究结果表明,经典的Peck公式在分析和预测单线及双线盾构隧道施工地表变形中仍然适用,修正后的Peck公式是经典公式的有效补充,对预测双线盾构隧道引起的地层沉降具有重要意义.     

基于地层损失理论的盾构隧道沉降分析及控制措施研究

对于盾构隧道施工产生的地表沉降的预测及控制一直是工程界亟待解决的难题。本文依托南京市地铁3号线明发广场站～绕城北区间隧道的工程实例,运用地层损失理论及现场监测等手段进行了盾构隧道沉降分析,并对其沉降控制措施进行了研究,结果表明：盾构隧道施工过程中引起的地层损失是导致地表沉降的主要原因;地层损失理论中的peck公式适用于粘土层和砂岩层中盾构隧道沉降预测,其精确度满足工程要求;盾构隧道沉降的影响因素较多,且在整个盾构施工过程中各个阶段产生的沉降机理、规律各不相同;通过注浆加固、严格控制盾构机姿态、管片组装质量可减小地应力损失,减小盾构施工引起的地表沉降。所得结论对于类似工程有极大借鉴意义。     

基于地质区划下地铁盾构引起的建筑物沉降预测

城市地铁盾构隧道掘进会造成邻近建筑物发生结构变形及沉降。由于不同建筑物所处位置各异,盾构隧道穿越土体的上覆土厚度、岩层组合、地下水埋深等情况不一,因此,建筑物沉降规律存在较大的差异。文中基于南宁市水文地质条件、岩层组合模型及工程结构特征等因素对地铁盾构施工区间线路进行地质分区。根据盾构隧道施工引起的建筑物沉降曲线基本符合高斯分布的特点,结合建筑物的基础埋深、刚度、与隧道的相对位置等因素,对地表沉降Peck公式的地层参数进行修正,得到不同地质分区建筑物沉降预测公式。以南宁地铁一号线某区间为实例,将建筑物沉降预测公式计算值与实际监测值进行对比,结果表明两者拟合相关系数为82%,说明公式具有良好的适用性,可为南宁市地铁后续线路邻近建筑物沉降预测提供参考。     

基于遗传规划的盾构隧道开挖地表最大沉降预测

由于盾构隧道开挖引起的地面沉降是一个重要而艰巨的任务，许多影响因素都必须考虑，如隧道埋深、盾构直径、盾构掘进时推力、盾构推进速率、注浆填充率、注浆压力、地层的黏聚力、摩擦角、压缩模量等．然而目前没有模型能完全反映各种因素对地面沉降的影响规律，综合考虑各种影响因素，运用遗传规划理论对地表最大沉降进行预测．利用地表沉降实测数据对模型进行测试，建立了确定盾构隧道开挖引起地表最大沉降的遗传规划模型．研究结果表明：预测值与实测值是一致的，误差小于10％．     

南宁地铁盾构双线隧道地表沉降预测模型研究

依托南宁地铁2号线土压平衡盾构施工的双线隧道,通过对施工现场地表沉降的监测分析,揭示了双线隧道左、右线先后开挖过程中的地表横向沉降规律与地表沉降变形的历时变化规律。在此基础上,采用Peck沉降槽理论,考虑双线隧道盾构施工的相互影响,引入左线隧道施工对右线隧道地表沉降影响系数和右线隧道施工对左线隧道地表沉降影响系数,并提出这两个影响系数的确定方法,对相互影响范围内的双线隧道地表沉降公式进行修正,从而提出了一种采用分段函数形式表达的地铁双线隧道盾构施工引起地表沉降的预测模型,并验证了该预测模型的可靠性。     

软土地层双线隧道地表沉降计算公式修正

由于双线隧道存在复杂的耦合作用,盾构施工引起的地表沉降规律极为复杂,所以准确计算地表沉降较为困难。本文基于Peck公式和Chapman修正参数,考虑先行隧道的施工影响和双线隧道的相对位置关系,通过参数的经验量化,建立了双线隧道地表沉降的计算公式。此外,依托苏州市轨道交通S1号线工程,讨论公式在不同土层中的适用性及参数取值范围,在此基础上采用PLAXIS 3D有限元软件对双线隧道盾构施工进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在软土地层中进行盾构施工,应用本文修正公式计算得到的地表沉降值与数值模拟和现场实测结果均较为吻合。修正公式考虑了双线隧道的位置信息,可以定量反映隧道埋深和双线隧道间距对地表沉降的影响。该研究可为软土地区双线隧道盾构施工沉降计算提供参考。     

PBA法扩挖大直径盾构隧道修建地铁车站地表沉降控制

北京地铁14号线试验段采用土压平衡盾构修建,并结合PBA(Pile-Beam-Arch)法小规模暗挖拓展区间隧道形成地铁车站.这种工法可以有效地解决地铁车站和盾构隧道施工之间的矛盾,但没有经验可以借鉴.综合运用预测地表沉降的经验公式、相关统计资料和规范及数值模拟方法,对PBA法扩挖大直径盾构隧道修建地铁车站的过程进行地表沉降分析.结合北京地铁车站地表沉降控制基准值和现有地铁车站地表沉降统计数据,提出地表沉降控制标准,并按照三级控制的管理方法,分级分步进行地表沉降控制,研究结果对工程施工有一定的参考价值.     

地铁盾构掘进对地表及建筑物沉降的影响研究——以深圳地铁16号线为例

研究盾构掘进对周边地表及建筑物沉降造成的影响，是软土地区盾构隧道安全施工和正常运营的基本要求.以深圳地铁16号线龙东村站—龙南站盾构区间粉质黏土层为背景，建立数值模型进行模拟计算，并与实测结果进行对比验证，研究盾构掘进对地表及建筑物沉降的影响.结果表明，右线开挖完，地表最大沉降值位于右线隧道中心线处，左线开挖完，地表最大沉降值也位于右线隧道中心线处；单线盾构掘进引起的地表横向沉降曲线均是单峰形态，双线盾构掘进引起的地表横向沉降曲线往往会呈现出双峰或多峰等形态；右线盾构开挖时，建筑物监测点沉降随盾构掘进过程呈现整体下降的趋势，左线盾构到达建筑物监测点时，建筑物监测点逐渐开始隆起，在左线盾构通过后，建筑物监测点沉降值逐渐趋于稳定.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.