茂兰喀斯特森林林隙大小对树种更新的影响

采用样地调查法分析了贵州茂兰自然保护区喀斯特森林林隙大小对林隙植物和更新的影O响结果表明: 林隙大小对林隙中树木密度、优势度、幼苗向幼树的转化率和幼苗、幼树的空间格局等均有不同程度的影O林响隙中幼苗、幼树个体密度及种密度随林隙面积增大而迅速减小,成树的个体密度和种密度变化不O大大林隙中幼苗向幼树的转化率明显高于小林隙O小林隙的更新苗多由小龄级的幼苗组成,而大林隙中幼树所占比例较大O不同树种在不同大小级林隙内相对优势度位序不同,大体表现为阳性树种在大林隙中具有较大的优势度,而耐阴树种在较小的林隙中优势度较大O在大林隙( >200 m2 ) 和中等林隙( 100 ,... 200 m2 )中,各树种的幼苗、幼树均呈集群分布,而在小林隙( < 100 m2 ) 中则为随机分布。     

长白山云冷杉林不同演替阶段树种组成及林下更新研究

【目的】了解不同演替阶段的森林种群结构及更新状态可以为促进森林群落演替提供理论参考。【方法】基于3块样地数据,分析不同演替阶段的杨桦次生林、云冷杉针阔混交林和云冷杉近原始林内主要乔木树种及幼树的种群结构,并用O-ring单变量统计分析幼树空间分布格局。【结果】随着演替进行,群落内乔木株数逐渐减少,而胸高断面积相反。先锋树种白桦、杨树等逐渐退出群落。3个群落主林层乔木径阶分布均呈倒“J”形,次生林以小径级林木为主,另外两个群落以中、大径级林木居多。3个群落幼树种类单一,白桦、杨树等先锋树种鲜有幼树出现; 云冷杉针阔混交林幼树数量充足,且幼树随地径级呈负指数分布; 次生林内幼树最少,但地径、苗高明显优于其他两个群落。次生林群落幼树以随机分布为主,云冷杉林和近原始林中冷杉、云杉及色木幼树在小尺度呈明显的聚集分布,随尺度增大多呈均匀或随机分布。【结论】杨桦次生林和云冷杉针阔混交林处于正向演替进程中,而近原始林树种结构不合理,更新较差,应采取择伐等经营措施调整其结构,促进林分发展。     

茂兰喀斯特森林林隙树种更新及数量特征

通过对茂兰自然保护区喀斯特森林中林隙和非林隙林分的调查,分析了茂兰喀斯特森林主要乔木树种和幼苗、幼树在林隙内外的数量特征以及灌木对林隙的更新反应规律,根据树种在林隙内外的重要值位序差值把茂兰喀斯特森林主要乔木树种大致划分为5种生态种组:①对林隙有强烈正更新反应的树种;②对林隙有强烈负更新反应的树种;③对林隙有中等正更新反应的树种;④对林隙有中等负更新反应的树种;⑤对林隙更新反应不显著的树种.不同生态种组树种的幼苗在林隙与非林隙斑块中的更新表现出显著的差别.每种灌木在林隙内的密度都非常明显地高于非林隙中,但林隙内大多数灌木的平均高度小于非林隙的.林隙内的树木以幼苗、幼树和小径木为主,中、大径木较少,林隙外的对照林分中虽然也有一定的幼苗幼树和小径木,但与林隙内相比,中、大径木所占的比例相对较高.林隙内的幼苗幼树以阳性树种为主,而中、大径木则以耐荫树种为主.       

林火干扰对栎类群落幼苗天然更新的影响

依据空间代替时间的方法,研究地表火干扰下不同恢复阶段栎类幼苗库的动态特征。结果表明:火后不同恢复阶段栎类群落内有木本幼苗25科37属49种,随着火烧迹地植被的恢复,乔木幼苗种类数量增多,灌木幼苗数量减少,但栎类幼苗始终占据优势;林下幼苗库的密度随恢复时间增加逐步变小,栎类幼苗密度则呈现出从高到低再升高然后变低的趋势,栎类幼苗密度在火后1年最高,平均达到(2.30±2.9)株/(10 m2);栎类幼苗密度变化出现2个过程,恢复1年与恢复5年、恢复10年与恢复15年幼苗密度之间有显著差异,但不同恢复阶段的栎类幼苗库与对照林相比没有显著差异;幼苗库不同恢复阶段的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)之间有极显著差异。随演替时间的增加,乔木实生苗比例逐渐增加,乔木根蘖苗的比例不断减少。林火干扰对栎类Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的幼苗高度分配和苗木转化率有显著影响,但火烧干扰对Ⅳ级以上幼苗的高度分布和转化率影响不显著。     

蒙古栎林天然更新状况及影响因素研究

基于吉林省中东部地区68块(30 m×30 m)蒙古栎林标准地的调查数据,统计蒙古栎林天然更新幼苗幼树,对影响林分更新的林分条件和地形条件进行分析探讨.结果表明:研究区域内天然蒙古栎林更新树种37种,平均更新苗密度达到7 219株/hm2,其中蒙古栎数量占更新总量的近40%,山楂、花曲柳和春榆占更新总量的1/3;从更新类型上看,幼苗和幼树所占比例分别为22.2%和77.8%.同时发现,林分平均胸径达16~20 cm、密度为400~800株/hm2(郁闭度为0.60~0.69)的林分更新数量最高;从不同地形条件更新数量上看,山坡中上部更新数量较高,坡向的影响表现为半阳坡半阴坡阴坡阳坡,坡度的表现为平坡缓坡斜坡陡坡.     

广东江门古兜山保护区光叶红豆种群径级结构与空间分布格局

为了解广东江门古兜山省级自然保护区内天然分布的珍稀濒危植物光叶红豆Ormosia glaberrima 种群的生存现状，本研究基于1 hm²固定样地数据进行光叶红豆种群径级结构分析，并采用点格局分析方法研究种群空间分布格局。结果表明，光叶红豆的径级结构呈倒“J”型，个体以幼树为主，同时幼树和壮龄树死亡率也较高，随着径级增大，个体的存活率趋于稳定，整体表现为增长型，种群结构较为稳定；在小空间尺度上，光叶红豆个体间呈聚集分布，而随着空间尺度的增大，个体倾向于随机分布。光叶红豆幼树呈聚集分布，随着径级增加，空间分布的聚集程度下降，成树呈随机分布。因此，古兜山光叶红豆种群的空间分布格局主要受幼树、壮龄树死亡率较高和密度影响，建议通过适度开辟林窗等方式加强就地保护，结合迁地保护降低幼树密度，促进光叶红豆种群更新。     

苏南丘陵山区森林中冬青幼苗更新影响因子研究

【目的】探究冬青幼苗更新与环境因子的相关关系,为苏南丘陵山区森林抚育和可持续经营提供参考。【方法】对江苏省溧水林场内4块有一定代表性的天然次生林样地进行详细调查,在分析不同群落中冬青幼苗的个体大小-密度分布特征的基础上,运用冗余分析(RDA)的方法对冬青幼苗更新状况与种内、种间、土壤因子的相关关系进行研究。【结果】随着群落中冬青重要值上升,冬青幼苗由“高密度-小株型”的分布特征,逐渐转变为“低密度-大株型”状态。3类环境因子对冬青幼苗更新总体表现为促进作用,但不同林层的林分结构因素间及不同种类的土壤因素间存在一定差异。当冬青重要值较高时,种内因子和种间因子组成的林分结构因素是主要影响因素,土壤因子影响较小,此时种间作用主要体现于上层高大乔木的影响。当冬青重要值较低时,土壤因子的影响超过林分结构因素,此时林分结构的影响主要表现为较强的更新层种间作用。【结论】在苏南丘陵山区森林中,不同类型群落中影响冬青幼苗更新的主导因子不同,林分结构和土壤因子对冬青幼苗更新的作用因群落中冬青重要值高低存在一定差异。     

吉林东部天然次生林下光强衰减的空间分布特征

【目的】探究长白山北坡不同林型天然次生林下空间尺度及方位间的光强衰减特征。【方法】以吉林东部长白山北坡天然次生林5块0.6 hm²样地为研究对象，调查了样地内乔木生长及光强衰减状况，对林型、空间尺度及方位进行划分，采用移动窗口法分析不同空间尺度下森林群落结构对林下光强衰减的影响。【结果】吉林东部天然次生林乔木胸高断面积与林下光强衰减率相关性显著(P<0.01)。随着空间尺度增大，乔木胸高断面积与光强衰减率的相关系数逐渐增大，大部分林型在内侧窗口达到10 m×10 m时，光强衰减率与乔木胸高断面积显著正相关(P<0.01),在25 m×25 m尺度时相关系数最大，内侧窗口周围10 m内的乔木也与内侧窗口下的光强衰减率显著正相关(P<0.01)。东侧、南侧的树木对于内侧窗口下的光强衰减率影响比西侧、北侧影响更大。【结论】通过移动窗口法可以分析不同林型乔木对于林下光强衰减的影响范围，与耐阴树种相比，喜光树种乔木胸高断面积与光强衰减率在更多尺度下显著相关；在(10 m×10 m)～(40 m×40 m)的尺度范围内，多数林型乔木胸高断面积与光强衰减率显著...     

不同抚育技术对油松低效林的影响

油松优良绿化树种,由于面积大效益低,成了经营抚育的中的障碍。实践表明,修枝割灌同步运用抚育效果最好,5年后平均高比修枝、割灌高出0.35m,胸径分别高出0.6cm、1.3cm,蓄积量高出4.1m3、8m3,年蓄积生长量分别高出0.15m3、1.6m3。天然幼苗分别高出11株、64株;公顷株数达2500以上林分抚育时,选择每公顷1000株作为保留木密度,5年后平均高增长1.6m、胸径增长2.9cm、公顷蓄积增加17m3,公顷蓄积年生长量达3.4m3,天然幼苗增加90株/公顷。     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘柽柳种群分布格局及年龄结构的研究

从空间布格局、径级结构和静态生命表等方面研究新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘柽柳种群分布格局及年龄结构.结果表明:1)种群格局随取样尺度由25 m2到400m2增加,聚集强度逐渐增加,其中,在取样规模为25 m2和150 m2尺度上聚集分布强度较大；2)种群年龄结构呈现中树(Ⅲ-Ⅵ级)比例最大(75.61％),大树(Ⅶ-Ⅸ级,18.17％)、老树(Ⅹ级,3.45％)和小树(Ⅱ级,2.08％)比例次之,幼苗幼树(Ⅰ级)比例最小(0.69％)的规律；3)柽柳种群死亡率在径级Ⅵ最高(55.45％),随着径级的增加,死亡率呈现“低一高一低”的“模纺锤形”模式.柽柳种群天然实生苗更新困难,种群呈现衰退趋势.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to