颗粒粒度及钾长石含量对矿渣微晶玻璃析晶能力的影响

利用k值法计算了不同颗粒粒度下不同钾长石添加量高炉渣微晶玻璃的晶化能和析晶动力学参数,采用DSC、XRD及SEM等测试手段研究了粉体粒度和钾长石含量对微晶玻璃析晶能力的影响。结果表明,颗粒粒度对微晶玻璃析晶能力影响显著,微晶玻璃析晶能力随颗粒粒度减小而增大;钾长石对微晶玻璃析晶能力有一定促进作用,但随着粉体粒度的减小而逐渐减弱,钾长石含量过高时,不利于微晶玻璃析晶,钾长石添加量应以5 wt%左右为宜。在5℃/min升温速度下,球磨60 h,添加5 wt%钾长石的样品具有较好的微观形貌,其主晶相为镁黄长石,晶体成颗粒状,晶粒均匀且结合紧密。     

污泥和高炉渣协同制备微晶玻璃

利用污泥焚烧灰渣含有大量的氧化硅以及一定量重金属和磷的组成特点,将其作为成分调整剂、晶核剂及助熔剂,在未添加任何化学制剂的条件下与冶金高炉渣协同制备了具有良好的力学性能和化学稳定性的污泥–高炉渣微晶玻璃.利用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等分析手段,并结合力学性能和化学稳定性能测试,研究了不同热处理制度对微晶玻璃性能的影响规律以及微晶玻璃的析晶过程.污泥–高炉渣微晶玻璃最佳热处理条件是850℃下形核保温1 h,980℃下析晶保温2 h.在此条件下制备的微晶玻璃具有45 MPa的抗折强度、200 MPa的抗压强度和质量损失率小于0.2%的耐酸和耐碱性能.微晶玻璃初始结晶温度为880℃,析出晶相以钙长石为主,同时包括少量的钙铝黄长石.随着析晶温度提高,析晶时间增加,钙铝黄长石相析晶量增加;大量增加的钙铝黄长石针状晶体呈放射状分布并有利于产品抗弯强度的提高;但析晶时间过长时,晶粒将长大粗化,这不利于微晶玻璃性能的改善.     

主晶相为Y3Al5O12的Y-Al-Si-O-N微晶玻璃的制备

为制备主晶相为Y3Al5O12(即 YAG)的Y-Al-Si-O-N氧氮微晶玻璃,对组成为Y28Al24Si48O83N17的氧氮玻璃作不同的热处理,并采用差示扫描量热法确定基础玻璃样品的热处理制度;采用X线衍射仪和结合能谱分析鉴定微晶玻璃样品的物相;采用扫描电镜观察微晶玻璃样品的微观形貌.研究结果表明:在1 200℃及其以下温度对玻璃样品进行热处理所得的YoAl-Si-O-N微晶玻璃样品中只包含YAG相:当热处理温度高于1200℃时,微晶玻璃中除YAG相外还有少量O'-Sialon相;随着热处理温度升高,YAG树枝晶的枝干长度增大,枝叶变厚;通过两步热处理法得到的YAG晶粒尺寸远小于一步热处理法的晶粒尺寸.     

Na2SiF6对微晶玻璃析晶结构及性能的影响

探讨Na2SiF6晶核剂不同添加量对利用废旧啤酒瓶研制的微晶玻璃的微观结构及性能的影响.用XRD和SEM及相关分析软件表征不同样品的晶相及微观形貌并测试试样的相关性能指标.实验结果表明:添加Na2SiF6试样中析出的主晶相是Na2Ca(SiO4)、Na2Ca3Si6O16和CaMgSi2O6,析出晶体含量随着Na2SiF6添加量增加而增加,确定7%为最佳的Na2SiF6添加量,此时微晶玻璃析出晶相的总量为44.35%,对应的性能指标为:体积密度2.42 g.cm-3,吸水率0.078%,抗折强度100.2 MPa.     

添加氧化锆对钢渣微晶玻璃显微结构的影响

采用熔融法制备微晶玻璃材料，探讨了钢渣微晶玻璃中引入ZrO2对其显微结构以及性能的影响。用X衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了微晶玻璃的主晶相和显微结构。实验结果表明：引入质量分数为1％的ZrO2时，微晶玻璃的晶粒最小，抗弯强度最大；当ZrO2的添加量进一步增多，晶粒无法发育完全且晶相含量下降，导致微晶玻璃的抗弯强度降低。在该钢渣微晶玻璃中，ZrO2最佳添加量的质量分数为1％。     

硼泥制备微晶玻璃的晶化行为

针对硼泥、铁尾矿和粉煤灰的成分特点,系统研究了在不同原料配比条件下微晶玻璃的析晶行为,深入探讨了利用硼泥、铁尾矿和粉煤灰制备矿渣微晶玻璃的原料配比对晶化行为的影响.结果表明:随着硼泥配入量的增加,微晶玻璃的初始析晶温度降低,矿渣微晶玻璃的主析晶相为钙铁辉石,当硼泥配入量为30%~40%时,矿渣微晶玻璃的晶体分布较为均匀,球晶有利于性能的提高.     

氧化铋对低温燃烧合成堇青石粉相变和烧结性能的影响

为研究Bi2O3在堇青石基微晶玻璃烧结过程中的作用及其添加量对微晶玻璃相转变和烧结性能的影响,以硅酸、硝酸铝、硝酸镁为原料,尿素为燃料,用低温燃烧法制备了具有不同Bi2O3含量的堇青石基微晶玻璃,并对其进行了X射线衍射分析、显微分析和能谱分析.结果表明:添加Bi2O3能明显促进μ-堇青石向α-堇青石的相转变或促进α-堇青石相直接析晶,降低α-堇青石相的析出温度(由1 050℃降至900℃),有效促进微晶玻璃的烧结致密化;Bi2O3的添加量以质量分数5%左右为宜.此外,介绍了一种简便快捷地制备堇青石基微晶玻璃的新方法.     

镍渣微晶玻璃制备及铁的回收利用

以富铁镍渣及粉煤灰为主要原料制备R2O-MgO-Al2O3-Si O2系微晶玻璃.在对回收利用废渣中铁的可行性分析基础上,研究Li2O、Na2O和K2O的含量对铁还原率的影响.结果表明:利用镍渣制备微晶玻璃的同时回收含量较高的铁不仅可行,且还原效率为71%～87%,所制备的微晶玻璃致密.XRD分析表明,微晶玻璃试样熔炼过程中所还原的铁为灰口铸铁,同时还存在少量硅铁以及镍铁合金,且还原铁的质量较好.     

高钙粉煤灰制备低导热高强度陶瓷材料及其表征

从泰国Mae Moh发电厂收集的高钙粉煤灰（HCFA）被用作陶瓷生产的原料。X射线荧光表征下HCFA主要成分为28.55wt% SiO₂、16.06wt% Al₂O₃、23.40wt% CaO和17.03wt% Fe₂O₃。由于钙质和铁质含量比例较高,使用HCFA替代钾长石,用量为10wt%–40wt%。研究了替代高钙粉煤灰（0–40wt%）和烧结温度（1000–1200°C）对陶瓷基材料的物理、机械和热性能的影响。结果表明,加入适量的HCFA可以提高陶瓷样品的致密化程度和强度,降低陶瓷样品的导热系数。粉煤灰中高比例的钙质和铁质成分促进了陶瓷样品的玻璃化行为。研究结果说明,在最佳粉煤灰含量和烧结温度下,液相的形成促进了致密化。此外,这些组分还促进了更丰富的莫来石形成,从而提高了陶瓷样品的弯曲强度。在1150–1200°C烧结温度下,添加10wt%–30wt%的粉煤灰,可获得最佳陶瓷性能。在 1200°C、 吸水率几乎为零（0.03%）时,添加粉煤灰10wt%–30wt%（PSW-FA(10)–(30)）的FA陶瓷样品的最大弯曲强度在92.25–94.71 MPa范围内。就隔热材料而言,粉煤灰添加量的增加对热导率有积极的影响,这是因为陶瓷FA样品内部无机分解反应产生的气体产生了更高的孔隙度。在1150°C烧结的陶瓷样品中添加20wt%–40wt%的高钙粉煤灰可将热导率降低14.78%–49.25%,同时保持可接受的弯曲强度值（~45.67–87.62 MPa）。基于其表现出良好的机械和热性能,利用这种高钙粉煤灰作为粘土成分的替代原料制造瓷砖是可行的。     

碱金属氧化物对镍渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

以镍渣及粉煤灰为主要原料制备R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃,通过加入不同种类及质量分数的碱金属氧化物,探讨碱金属氧化物对微晶玻璃理化性能的影响.结果表明:利用镍渣制备的微晶玻璃致密且性能良好;加入Li2O、Na2O使得微晶玻璃物理性能随碱金属氧化物质量分数的增大而提高,当Na2O质量分数为10%、Li2O质量分数为2%时,其抗折强度可达138.34 MPa.微晶玻璃耐酸性与耐碱性则随碱金属氧化物质量分数的增大而降低.     

Strength and chloride resistance of blended Portland cement mortar containing palm oil fuel ash and fly ash

This paper presented a study on the strength and chloride resistance of mortars made with ternary blends of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground palm oil fuel ash (POA), and classified fly ash (FA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement type I containing 0-40wt% FA and POA. FA and POA with 1wt%-3wt% retained on a sieve No.325 were used. The compressive strength and rapid chloride penetration depth of mortars were determined. The results reveal that the use of ternary blended cements produces good strength mortars. The use of the blend of FA and POA also produces high strength mortars and excellent resistance to chloride penetration owing to the synergic effect of FA and POA. A mathematical analysis and two-parameter polynomial model were presented to predict the compressive strength. The mathematical model correlated well with the experimental results. The computer 3-D graphics of strength of the ternary blended mortars were also constructed and could be used to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.     

TiO2对粉煤灰及石英砂制备微晶玻璃组织转变的影响

利用粉煤灰与石英砂制备微晶玻璃，并对其进行不同工艺的热处理．通过对热处理后的试样研究发现：当粉煤灰质量分数为30％，未加TiO2时，试样在780℃加热时首先析出过渡相Ca2SiO。，在随后的高温晶化过程中，过渡相溶解消失，析出更稳定的平衡相钙长石；当TiO2质量分数为0—15％时，随着TiO2含量的增加，在780℃加热时由析出梭形的Ca2SiO。微晶转变为析出粒状的钙长石微晶；当粉煤灰质量分数增加到40％，TiO2质量分数为3．5％时试样中出现网状微晶组织，而加入的形核剂TiO2质量分数达到5％时试样中无网状微晶组织出现，说明TiO2对网状组织的析出具有明显抑制作用．     

Preparation of fly ash and rice husk ash geopolymer

The geopolymer of fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) was prepared. The burning temperature of rice husk, the RHA fineness and the ratio of FA to RHA were studied. The density and strength of the geopolymer mortars with RHA/FA mass ratios of 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, and 60/40 were tested. The geopolymers were activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate, and heat. It is revealed that the optimum burning temperature of RHA for making FA-RHA geopolymer is 690oC. The as-received FA and the ground RHA with 1%-5% retained on No.325 sieve are suitable source materials for making geopolymer, and the obtained compressive strengths are between 12.5-56.0 MPa and are dependent on the ratio of FA/RHA, the RHA fineness, and the ratio of sodium silicate to NaOH. Relatively high strength FA-RHA geopolymer mortars are obtained using a sodium silicate/NaOH mass ratio of 4.0, delay time before subjecting the samples to heat for 1 h, and heat curing at 60oC for 48 h.     

Cellular lightweight concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and natural zeolite

Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) with the controlled density of approximately 800 kg/m3 was made from a preformed foam, Type-I Portland cement (OPC), fly ash (FA), or natural zeolite (NZ), and its compressive strength, setting time, water absorption, and microstructure of were tested. High-calcium FA and NZ with the median particle sizes of 14.52 and 7.72 μm, respectively, were used to partially replace OPC at 0, 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt% of the binder (OPC and pozzolan admixture). A water-to-binder mass ratio (W/B) of 0.5 was used for all mixes. The testing results indicated that CLC containing 10wt% NZ had the highest compressive strength. The replacement of OPC with NZ decreased the total porosity and air void size but increased the capillary porosity of the CLC. The incorporation of a suitable amount of NZ decreased the setting time, total porosity, and pore size of the paste compared with the findings with the same amount of FA. The total porosity and cumulative pore volume decreased, whereas the gel and capillary pores increased as a result of adding both pozzolans at all replacement levels. The water absorption increased as the capillary porosity increased; this effect depended on the volume of air entrained and the type or amount of pozzolan.     

粉煤灰基矿物聚合材料的抗压强度和微观结构

以粉煤灰为硅铝原料,钠水玻璃为激发剂,在80℃下干燥养护6 h制备了矿物聚合材料。研究了钠水玻璃固相组成对试件抗压强度的影响,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、27Al和29Si魔角自旋核磁共振方法分析了最优试件的物相组成、微观形貌和微观结构。结果表明,模数为1.5、Na2O掺量为10%(质量分数)的钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰制得的试件抗压强度约为18 MPa;SEM分析表明凝胶由纳米级颗粒组成,颗粒之间相互连接形成致密的空间网络;XRD和MAS-NMR分析表明矿物聚合材料具有一定的无定形状态,漫射峰对应的衍射角在25°～35°范围内,Al主要以四配位的AlQ4(4Si)结构单元存在,Si主要以Q4(2Al)和Q4(3Al)结构单元存在。     

钙硅氧化物的质量比对10%Al2 O3高炉渣--尾矿--粉煤灰微晶玻璃性能的影响

利用高炉渣、尾矿和粉煤灰各自成分特点,在未添加任何晶核剂和其他化学试剂条件下,使用烧结法制得了不同CaO/SiO2质量比的10%Al2 O3(质量分数)矿渣微晶玻璃.通过差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析手段,分析了CaO/SiO2质量比和析晶温度对高炉渣-尾矿-粉煤灰微晶玻璃样品的晶相变化规律、析晶行为和主要力学性能的影响.随着CaO/SiO2质量比增大,析晶活化能不断减小,Si-O四面体连接强度下降,质点移动加强,各组开始析晶温度和晶化温度逐渐减小.当玻璃样品中钙硅氧化物的质量比为0.4时,分别在886℃和982℃形核、析晶保温1 h 后,可以得到抗折强度103.59 MPa、显微硬度5.3 GPa、耐酸性0.25%(质量损失率)、耐碱性小于0.1%,主晶相为透辉石的最佳力学性能的微晶玻璃样品.     

碱激发对粉煤灰活性的影响

研究了粉煤灰的物理化学特性,设计了四种方案对粉煤灰进行改性,旨在扩大粉煤灰的应用. 通过对比改性前后Na2SiO3-粉煤灰试块的强度,使粉煤灰在改性前后的反应速度通过试块的强度得以体现. 扫描电镜照片显示,在机械粉磨结合化学激发处理后,坚硬的外壳大部分被破坏. 27Al的核磁共振图谱显示宽峰变窄. 29Si的核磁共振谱表明,Q0消失,Q2增多,Q4减少. 说明加入强碱并同时机械粉磨可有效破坏粉煤灰的玻璃微珠外壳及硅铝网络结构,可增强粉煤灰的潜在活性.     

Microstructure and properties of mullite-based porous ceramics produced from coal fly ash with added Al_2O_3

Using coal fly ash slurry samples supplemented with different amounts of Al_2O_3,we fabricated mullite-based porous ceramics via a dipping-polymer-replica approach,which is a popular method suitable for industrial application.The microstructure,phase composition,and compressive strength of the sintered samples were investigated.Mullite was identified in all of the prepared materials by X-ray diffraction analysis.The microstructure and compressive strength were strongly influenced by the content of Al_2O_3.As the Al/Si mole ratio in the starting materials was increased from 0.84 to 2.40,the amount of amorphous phases in the sintered microstructure decreased and the compressive strength of the sintered samples increased.A further increase in the Al_2O_3 content resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the sintered samples.The mullite-based porous ceramic with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.40 exhibited the highest compressive strength and the greatest shrinkage among the investigated samples prepared using coal fly ash as the main starting material.     

陶土-粉煤灰基吸附性陶瓷基体的制备及其吸附性能

以陶土和改性粉煤灰为原料,采用半干压成型工艺制备了吸附性陶瓷基体。研究了原料预处理、配比、烧成温度等对陶瓷基体性能的影响,确定了最佳制备条件：陶土和改性粉煤灰质量比8∶2,升温速率1 ℃/min,烧成温度900 ℃。在此条件下制得的陶瓷基体的孔隙率为36.75%,孔径分布区间在5～27 nm,纯水通量52.89 L/(m²·h),压缩强度17.923MPa。对罗丹明B、亚甲蓝、刚果红模拟印染废水、含PO^3- ₄废水和含Fe²⁺废水的处理结果表明,所制备的陶瓷基体具有良好的吸附和截留性能。     

Thermal treatment and utilization of Al-rich waste in high calcium fly ash geopolymeric materials

The Al-rich waste with aluminium and hydrocarbon as the major contaminant is generated at the wastewater treatment unit of a polymer processing plant. In this research, the heat treatment of this Al-rich waste and its use to adjust the silica/alumina ratio of the high calcium fly ash geopolymer were studied. To recycle the raw Al-rich waste, the waste was dried at 110℃ and calcined at 400 to 1000℃. Mineralogical analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the phase change. The increase in calcination temperature to 600, 800, and 1000℃ resulted in the phase transformation. The more active alumina phase of active θ-Al₂O₃ was obtained with the increase in calcination temperature. The calcined Al-rich waste was then used as an additive to the fly ash geopolymer by mixing with high calcium fly ash, water glass, 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sand. Test results indicated that the calcined Al-rich waste could be used as an aluminium source to adjust the silica/alumina ratio and the strength of geopolymeric materials. The fly ash geopolymer mortar with 2.5wt% of the Al-rich waste calcined at 1000℃ possessed the 7-d compressive strength of 34.2 MPa.