基于应力偶流体模型的动载轴承润滑研究

针对实际应用中的润滑油大多为含有高分子添加剂的应力偶流体 ,基于应力偶流体模型对动载轴承的润滑性能进行了数值计算。推导了动载情况下应力偶流体润滑的Reynolds方程 ,利用该模型求解了动载轴承的压力分布 ,比较了牛顿流体和应力偶流体对轴承承载力、轴心轨迹和摩擦系数所产生的不同影响。结果表明 :添加剂的分子链越长 ,应力偶效应越明显 ,并且越有利于提高动载轴承的承载力 ,增大油膜厚度 ,减小摩擦系数     

应力偶对滑动轴承热流体动力学特性的影响

研究了应力偶对有限长滑动轴承热流体动力特性的影响。推出了基于应力偶流体模型的油膜能量方程 ,并与应力偶流体的 Reynolds方程、轴瓦热传导方程一起联立数值求解 ,得到油膜的压力分布 ,油膜及轴瓦的温度分布 ,比较了 Newton流体和应力偶流体对轴承压力分布、温度分布及轴承承载力所产生的不同影响。结果表明 :应力偶流体在明显增大油膜压力的同时 ,也使轴承最大温度略有升高     

应力偶流体润滑轴承性能计算方法的比较

研究了负压力充零算法和质量守恒空穴算法对应力偶流体润滑轴承油膜压力分布及轴承特性参数的影响.数值分析表明,在油膜完整区,两种算法所得油膜压力几乎相同,只是在接近油膜破裂处有小的偏差;在空穴区,两者不同.两种算法所得轴承特性参数相差较大,随应力偶参数增大差别减小.充零算法与实际情况不符,空穴算法更符合实际.     

轴系倾斜下可倾瓦推力轴承静动特性分析

针对船舶可倾瓦推力轴承在实际运行过程中存在的轴系倾斜问题,建立倾斜状态下可倾瓦推力轴承热弹流体动压润滑计算模型,研究倾斜状态对可倾瓦推力轴承静动特性的影响。提出了以倾斜角和轴线投影角两个参数来表征倾斜状态的数学模型;联合热弹流体动压润滑模型和轴向油膜刚度、阻尼系数求解模型,全过程求解可倾瓦推力轴承静动特性。静态性能参数包括载荷、最小油膜厚度、最大油膜压力、最高油膜温度;动态性能参数包括轴向油膜刚度和阻尼系数。结果表明:轴线倾斜使每块瓦承受载荷严重不均,造成各块瓦巨大的性能差异;倾斜角增大使瓦所承受载荷、油膜压力和油膜温度增加,油膜厚度减小,且外载荷越大变化越显著;轴线投影角所在轴瓦承受载荷最大,当轴线投影角在支点附近时,静态性能参数皆有极值存在;轴线投影角在距瓦进油边31°的位置时推力轴承轴向油膜刚度和阻尼系数有最大值。研究结果可为倾斜状态下可倾瓦推力轴承可靠性的提高提供参考。     

发动机主轴承EHD分析研究

建立了主轴承EHD(弹性流体动力润滑)的有限元仿真模型,基于有限元法与有限差分法对不同转速下主轴承润滑特性进行了仿真,研究了不同转速下内燃机主轴承EHD载荷、弯矩、油膜厚度、油膜压力、摩擦功耗以及机油流量的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着转速的升高,最大载荷下降,平均载荷上升,最小油膜厚度值增加,油膜压力减小,液动摩擦功耗逐升高,粗糙接触摩擦功耗减小,机油流量增加。     

考虑局部磨损和空化效应的径向滑动轴承混合润滑分析

为分析局部磨损和空化效应对径向滑动轴承混合润滑性能的影响,基于平均Reynolds方程及JFO空化边界条件建立了计入局部磨损的轴承混合润滑模型,通过数值求解研究了不同磨损深度对轴承油膜厚度分布、平均流体动压力分布、轴心位置和Stribeck曲线的影响。结果表明:局部磨损显著改变了油膜厚度分布和平均流体动压力分布;大磨损深度导致轴心位置改变,偏离原来设计;小磨损深度降低了轴承混合润滑阶段的摩擦系数,且能以更低的速度从混合润滑过渡到流体动压润滑;摩擦系数随着磨损深度的增加而增大。     

球轴承窗式保持架兜孔与滚珠间润滑性能

以球轴承窗式保持架与滚珠间的流体动压润滑问题为研究对象,建立了滚珠-兜孔运动关系和力学分析的计算模型,建立了滚动轴承启动阶段和稳定运转阶段滚珠-兜孔油膜压力分布和油膜厚度的数值计算方法。以SKF61928MA轴承为研究对象,计算出轴承内圈转速、保持架角加速度,并研究了保持架兜孔尺寸对滚珠-兜孔润滑油膜的性能影响规律。结果表明,在稳定运转阶段,滚珠-兜孔间最小油膜厚度基本保持不变;在启动加速阶段,保持架加速度越大,油膜厚度越小。     

轴颈倾斜的水润滑橡胶艉轴承的静态特性

针对船舶艉轴承轴颈受载倾斜产生的摩擦磨损问题,建立了圆周式和沟槽式水润滑橡胶轴承中分面轴颈中心为基点的轴颈倾斜下的弹流润滑模型,采用有限差分法求解了在轴颈对中和轴颈倾斜状态下的压力及膜厚分布,分析了轴颈倾斜角变化对轴承油膜力、油膜力矩及压力中心等静态特性的影响。研究结果表明:轴颈倾斜前后,圆周式和沟槽式轴承静态特性变化明显,最大油膜压力在倾斜角增加超过某一阈值后迅速增长,最小油膜厚度随轴颈倾斜角增加而减小至可允许最小膜厚;由于轴颈倾斜后油膜压力沿轴向不再呈对称分布,压力中心向下沉端方向移动,继而产生油膜力矩且其值从0增大;轴颈可允许最大倾斜角随偏心率、允许最小膜厚等增大而减小。研究结果可为轴颈倾斜状态下水润滑橡胶轴承的润滑性能优化提供参考。     

挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜压力分布理论分析

根据含有流体惯性项的Navier-Stokes方程,求解了挤压油膜阻尼器长轴承模型的油膜惯性速度,以此建立了压力分布模型,并对该模型进行了数值验证。结果表明,当雷诺数达到中等值以上时,该模型有较高精度。压力模型的参数分析结果表明,流体惯性对油膜压力分布有较大影响,并有助于提高油膜承载能力;偏心率影响压力响应的同步性。本文的工作为深入研究油膜惯性对油膜动力参数的影响及高速转子系统设计奠定了基础。     

大型重载滑动轴承润滑特性的理论与试验研究

以单机容量1 750MW级核电半速发电机试验用椭圆轴承为对象,在现场全尺寸动平衡机上进行了轴承性能试验,由此给出了椭圆轴承温度、压力和膜厚等润滑性能实测数据;采用基于经典润滑理论的基本方程,运用流体润滑软件和ANSYS软件,在计入瓦体变形的基础上联合进行了轴承静态性能求解。结果表明:大型重载轴承瓦面热弹变形与油膜厚度为同一数量级,轴承设计中必须予以考虑;额定转速为1 500r/min时,轴承测点最高瓦温为82.8℃,测点最大油膜压力为6.65MPa,瓦温和油膜压力仿真值与测试值偏差均小于5%;在额定转速附近,最小油膜厚度测试值约为254μm,仿真值与涡流法测试值的偏差为15.21%;转速在1 000~1 600r/min范围内,最小油膜厚度的仿真值与涡流法测试值的最大偏差为21.36%。理论和试验验证了考虑瓦体变形的润滑计算方法在大型重载轴承应用上是可行的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the