陆面过程模式BATS中地气通量计算方案的一个改进试验

在原有的陆面过程模式BATS中,对地表通量的计算基于简单的经验公式,这个计算是十分粗略的．而地气通量对各个气象要素的模拟都很重要,如动量通量会影响大气中的风速分布,热量通量会影响垂直方向上的温度分布而改变大气的层结稳定度,水汽通量则会改变空气中的水分含量和潜热,因而改进地气通量的计算精度是有必要的．为了提高地-气间通量计算的精度,在模式中增加稳定度的分类,将近地层稳定度分为5类,用中尺度气候模式RIEMS,分别对短期和中期模拟作了对比实验．经过比较和分析模拟结果,可以看出在增加稳定度的分类以后,模拟的各个气象要素场都较原来的有了改善．     

华中丘陵地带塔层湍流通量的观测分析

利用2006年湖南小墨山地区的塔层数据和湍流数据, 分析了该地区风速风向的年变化以及冬夏两季风温廓线的日变化规律, 利用传统近地层通量廓线关系得出了感热通量计算值, 并将其与感热通量测量值进行了对比, 对经典近地层相似性理论在非均匀下垫面上的应用进行了初步探讨。研究发现小墨山地区的复杂地形对粗糙度、感热通量的计算有重要影响, 需要将来流分成不同方 向分别讨论。由于北部平原南部 山地的影响, 偏南风时粗糙度z₀ 大于偏北风。而对夏季感热通量的分析表明, 感热通量的计算主要受到山体的影响。北风时测点位于迎风坡, 计算值系统偏大, 东南风时对应背风坡的情况, 计算值系统偏小, 西南风与山体走向大体平行, 计算值与测量值近似相等; 将有偏差的计算值进行修正后, 结果得到了明显改善。     

螺旋结构冷却塔的塔板设计方法

针对冷却塔中螺旋结构类型的气液交换塔,提出其内部螺旋塔板形状的设计方法,包括塔壁上外螺旋线和塔中心轴管上内螺旋线的位置确定,以及两线之间螺旋曲面板在平面上的拓扑尺寸。通过塔的几何参数确定螺旋曲面板设计的关键参数,可实现扭曲状塔板与塔壁及内轴的准确配合。     

海上大气表面层风温湿廓线的测量及参量化研究

以渤中８号采油平台为基地，对海上大气表面层的风速、温度和湿度廓线进行了同步测量。据测量数据的统计分析，确定了较好适用于渤海中部大气表面层的大气稳定度函数模式（不稳定状态），从而确定了一种海上大气表面层风湿廓线的参量化模式。依此模式，可由实测风温湿廓线数据计算海－气动量、感热和水汽通量。     

城市大气边界层分析中的相似理论应用研究

以Ｍｏｎｉｎ－Ｏｂｕｋｏｖ相似理论为依据,利用拟合方法和迭代法计算非均匀下垫面近地层湍流特征参数,通过对新疆库尔勒市郊相对平坦地形上的系留探空资料计算分析说明,两种计算方法所得的湍流特征参数相差较大;如何考虑外部参数ｚ０对确定非均一下垫面湍流特征参数非常重要。研究结果认为,３００ｍ以下用乘幂律风廓线描述风速随高度分布是比较适合的。     

水厂排泥水污泥量与固体通量的确定

水厂排泥水处理工艺的设计，需要以水厂污泥量及排泥水的主要沉降性能参数——固体通量为依据。这两个参数的确定，需通过大量的试验和数据统计处理，广州市自来水公司在江村水厂和南洲水厂进行了排泥水处理沉降试验，对污泥量及排泥水的固体通量的确定取得了一定的经验。     

输电塔-线耦合体系参数振动的离散元模拟与分析

分析了塔-线体系的研究现状及存在的问题,建立了塔-线耦合振动问题的简化力学模型来描述塔与线之间的作用机理,利用Hamilton原理推导了塔-线组合结构的非线性运动方程,最后应用离散元数值模拟方法验证了其在分析输电塔线体系参数振动中的有效性,并揭示了该体系耦合振动中存在的参数振动的规律.     

南京地区一次降水过程湍流特征研究

利用南京大学浦口校区大气科学园的近地层湍流脉动资料及Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System气象数据资料,针对2008年5月南京地区一次降水过程,分析比较了降水前后的湍流强度、归一化湍流动能、近地层通量输送和速度能谱特征.结...     

1993年3月19日SN／C5．6级耀斑的二维光谱分析

利用南京大学太阳塔的ＣＣＤ二维成像光谱观测系统，于１９９３年３月１９日得到了一个ＳＮ级耀斑区域的Ｈα光谱资料．由线心强度分布显示，该耀斑带有三个明显发射区，它们的形态、结构、演化情况都不同；而线翼呈现明显的红不对称性．基于Ｈα谱线的红不对称性，我们导出了两维色球速度场，结果发现不同区域具有不同速度，有的区域向下最大速度可达３０～４０ｋｍ／ｓ，而有的区域只有１０ｋｍ／ｓ左右；此外，色球物质向下运动的持续时间也不等，有的仅约１ｍｉｎ，而有的长达６ｍｉｎ之久．最后我们还证实了红不对称性仅发生在线翼，而线心几乎无位移．     

崇明东滩湿地生态系统碳通量贡献区分析

利用崇明东滩湿地所建造的通量观测塔,连续监测了2006年生态系统的二氧化碳通量及其相关因子的变化.利用FSAM(Flux Source Area Model)模型,并结合地面测定,对湿地生态系统碳通量贡献区进行了分析.发现通量贡献区范围在各风向均随大气稳定程度的增加而拉长.在稳定的大气条件下,非主风方向上的通量贡献区范围要显著大于主风方向上的通量贡献区,但在非稳定大气条件下,两者相差不大.由FSAM模型所估测的通量贡献区范围表明:所测的碳通量数据可以较好地反映下垫面的通量信息.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme