静钻根植竹节桩抗压与抗拔对比研究

静钻根植竹节桩是一种新型组合桩基础.大量试验研究表明,桩受到上拔荷载与压荷载时,桩侧极限摩阻力存在差异,并将抗拔桩与抗压桩极限侧摩阻力比值定义为抗拔侧摩阻力折减系数.为了研究静钻根植竹节桩在软土地基中抗拔与抗压条件下侧摩阻力大小的差异系数,通过一组现场试验得到了抗压桩与抗拔桩的荷载位移曲线,然后根据实测参数用有限元软件Abaqus对试桩进行模拟,并将现场试验与数值模拟的荷载位移曲线对比以验证模型的可靠性.研究结果表明:抗拔桩与抗压桩桩身轴力具有相似传递特性,静钻根植竹节桩在软土地基中的总侧摩阻力折减系数λ=0.5;桩端水泥土扩大头直径的增加对提高抗拔桩与抗压桩极限侧摩阻力作用不明显;静钻根植竹节桩的总侧摩阻力折减系数基本不随桩端扩大头直径的改变而改变.     

扩径桩抗压抗拔性能的颗粒流数值模拟

在地下水位以下较深的地下工程中,常采用扩径桩来承担结构今后受到的浮力．为了研究承担竖向受压荷载对抗拔桩今后承担上拔荷载的承载力的影响需要开展研究．采用二维颗粒流分析程序PFC2D对载荷试验中同一扩径桩先受压后抗拔进行了数值模拟分析．通过研究扩径桩在单纯承担上拔荷载和先受压、后受拔的过程中不同受荷阶段桩时步．位移曲线、桩土颗粒排列变化、颗粒位移的变化及荷载～沉降（上拔量）的对比分析,得出桩在下压和上拔到达极限荷载时的破坏性状,并与现场试验结果进行了对比．对先承担竖向受压然后抗拔的桩,与直接承担上拔的桩相比较,得知桩下压过程中桩周土体结构的破坏对桩随后的抗拔承载力有较大的影响．     

桩的抗拔承载力预估

在对抗拔试桩资料整理与分析的基础上，详细讨论了抗拔桩粘羊力系数ａ与桩周土不排水抗剪强度Ｃｕ的关系及桩拔、压摩阻比与桩长径比的关系，以及桩周土的土性、桩的类型和施工方法等对它们的影响，并提出了预估桩抗拔承载力的方法。     

桩径和扩径比对大直径扩底灌注桩工程特性影响分析

以中山西环高速公路为工程背景,采用有限元软件PLAXIS 3D进行了桩径和扩径比对扩底桩工程特性的影响数值模拟。分析结果表明:当扩径比(D/d)为1.5～2.5、桩径为1.2～1.6 m时,桩体尺寸对其竖向极限承载力影响明显,随着桩径或扩径比的增加,竖向承载力提升幅度较大;当扩径比为1.5～2.0、桩径为1.2～1.6 m时,桩体尺寸对扩底桩抗拔承载性能影响较大;当扩径比为1.0～2.0、桩径为1.0～1.4 m时,扩底桩桩顶沉降变化较快。通过现场静载试验对有限元计算结果进行验证,两者吻合较好。     

大直径扩底人工挖孔桩承载力预测与数值验证

由于大直径扩底人工挖孔桩承载力较高,难以通过常规的静载试验得到其极限承载力。通过岩基载荷试验得到不同荷载作用下的岩基变形模量,基于荷载传递法,桩侧采用双曲线传递函数、桩端采用考虑变模量的非线性传递函数,提出了一种更能反映桩土体系受力性状的大直径扩底人工挖孔桩极限承载力预测模型,并结合有限元软件ABAQUS验证了该预测模型的可靠性。基于此预测模型对大直径扩底桩相关参数展开分析,结果表明,南宁软岩互层地基桩基表现出摩擦端承桩的特性,桩径和扩底直径相比桩长对桩基承载力影响更为显著;其中扩底直径为5. 6m的扩底桩相比同桩径等直桩承载力提高53%,且能有效减少混凝土用量,在工程地质条件容许的情况下应当尽可能使用扩底短桩。     

多头夯扩桩扩大头尺寸计算方法试验研究

目前多头夯扩桩扩大头尺寸试验相关研究较少,为弥补该方面研究空白,以等体积法为基础,采用标准圆球法计算理论推导,提出了新的夯扩桩扩大头直径计算公式。在此基础上于砂土中开展了多头夯扩桩室内扩大头成桩试验,对扩大头计算方法进行对比验证。由试验得出的试桩模型,可见多头夯扩桩下部桩身扩大头多呈近似圆球状或腰鼓形,上部桩身扩大头基本呈近似球形。经试验数据表明,与目前国内常用两种扩底桩计算公式比较,提出的多头夯扩桩扩大头尺寸计算公式计算结果更接近实际。成果可供多头夯扩桩设计及施工提供参考。     

扩底桩承载特性离散元对比分析

文章利用室内半模试验和颗粒流理论对比分析多层土地基扩底单桩与群桩的抗压、抗拔承载特性及变形特征,并对比分析了扩底桩的荷载-位移曲线。结果表明,群桩的抗压、抗拔承载能力均大于单桩。抗压群桩桩间距从1.125D(D为扩大头直径)增加到2.250D时,荷载增长率为4.39%;超过2.250D后荷载增长率趋缓,在1/2极限荷载作用下,群桩桩顶位移比单桩大0.37 mm,而承载力比单桩增加了46.59%;极限荷载作用下,桩顶位移基本一致,群桩的极限承载力比单桩极限承载力大266 N。抗拔群桩间距分别为1.125D、1.250D、1.750D、2.250D时,与相同持力层厚度单桩相比,其抗拔极限承载力分别增加40.94%、59.38%、87.11%、88.57%。抗压单桩和群桩桩身轴力沿着桩身深度的增加方向均呈现凸曲线减小趋势。桩身深度相同的情况下,从细观角度分析揭示了群桩综合承载能力大于单桩。     

基桩嵌岩段抗拔承载特性现场试验研究

通过现场试验研究了砂岩层中基桩的抗拔承载特性,分析了基桩嵌岩段的破坏机理,提出了嵌岩桩极限抗拔承载力的预测公式,将计算结果与试验值和规范计算值进行了比较。研究结果表明:嵌岩桩的上拔荷载-桩顶位移曲线均为陡变型,增加桩长可以有效地增加承载力,但对桩顶位移的影响有限。试验得到桩岩相对位移为20～25 mm,中风化砂岩层侧阻力达到极限,极限抗拔侧阻力为925.4～961.3 kPa。当桩身强度高于桩周岩体时,基桩的抗拔承载力由桩周岩体的抗剪切强度提供,桩的极限侧阻力可以等效为桩周岩体的抗剪切强度。现行规范的计算值偏于保守,与本文试验值的比值为0.18～0.39。     

岩溶地区嵌岩桩稳定性影响因素的敏感性研究

采用ABAQUS有限元软件对嵌岩桩进行数值模拟计算.通过逐一改变溶洞高度、溶洞的跨度、溶洞的顶板厚度、桩端嵌入深度、桩径等,得出桩体最大位移和溶洞顶板受力情况,研究各因素对溶洞顶板稳定性的影响.结果显示:溶洞极限承载力对溶洞的顶板跨度、顶板厚度、岩体的完整性比较敏感;对于桩体的直径和嵌岩深度有一定的影响,但是不是太明显;对于溶洞的高度不敏感.     

混凝土变径桩工作性状研究

通过数值模拟及现场试验的方法对变径桩的工作性状进行分析研究,比较变径桩PHB与等直径管桩的桩身轴力、抗压承载力及抗拔承载力,分析得出结论,变径节桩的单桩承载力小于同节径相等的等直径管桩,大于同直径的预应力管桩。PHB桩可在复合地基及抗拔桩中单独使用,可减少挤土效应,具有一定的技术经济效益(可节省混凝土材料约18%,,减少挤土体积12%,左右)。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to