广州新一代双偏振天气雷达的性能测量和分析

随着我国双偏振雷达的布网以及投入业务运行的数量增多,对双偏振雷达的稳定性要求也越来越高,因此对双偏振雷达进行业务评估,可为未来我国双偏振雷达的实时业务化标定以及双偏振雷达的升级提供参考。本研究从广州新一代双偏振天气雷达(以下简称广州雷达)的机内标定长期稳定性、全链路标定一致性、接收链路一致性以及旋转关节对接收链路一致性4个方面开展评估。测量和分析结果表明,广州雷达接收通道标定的差分相移值、机内峰值功率波动和相位噪声范围偶有超标情况,其余参数均达到性能指标要求。根据连续大半年的运行监测来看,广州雷达整体运行比较稳定,尤其是最关键的机内双通道差分反射率一致性较好。整个接收链路两个通道的差异波动较小,状态比较稳定,满足国内双偏振雷达指标要求。此外,双偏振的相位噪声和接收机动态性能较单偏振都提高不少。     

双偏振多普勒天气雷达监测雷电的分析

为了更有效开展雷电的实时监测和预警,利用S波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达回波资料和闪电定位仪数据,对2009年7月初发生在江苏的一次雷暴天气过程进行了分析。在有闪电的回波区,闪电频次峰值出现在水平反射率因子42dBZ处,集中在34~46dBZ之间;闪电频次峰值出现在差分反射率因子ZDR的0.4dB处,主要集中在-0.4~1.4dB;闪电频次峰值出现在差分传播相位常数KDP的1°/km处,集中在0~2°/km附近;闪电频次峰值出现在相关系数ρhv的0.98处,集中在0.96以上。而无闪电回波的偏振参量都明显小于发生闪电回波的值。通过对雷暴回波单体偏振参量随时间变化的分析,发现偏振参量和闪电频次之间有较好的一致性。随着闪电的发生和频次的增加,回波单体的反射率因子ZH、差分反射率因子ZDR、差分传播相位常数KDP都有不同程度的逐步增加。最大时ZH达47dBZ、ZDR达到2dB以上、KDP达到2.5°/km。     

清远连州CINRAD/SA-D型业务试验双偏振天气雷达技术评估

以北京敏视达雷达有限公司生产的国内首部S波段业务试验双偏振雷达（清远连州CINRAD/SA-D型）为研究对象,从硬件升级、在线/离线标定方法、信号处理及软件技术等方面与美国WSR-88D双偏振天气雷达进行比对分析,重点对采用机内信号源法的长期标定结果和小雨数据全链路标定结果进行统计分析.研究结果表明:机内长期标定情况下,差分反射率因子ZDR和差分传播相位φDP的统计方差分别为0.205 3 dB和1.135 8°;通过关键参数筛选出的业务观测小雨数据,ZDR的标准差值控制在了0.5 dB以内,这些结果与美国天气雷达标定指标相当.      

偏振雷达参量对融化层回波的探测敏感性分析

融化层特征的研究及其微物理性质的识别在云物理降水研究、人工影响天气、航空飞行以及积云参数化方案修订等都有重要意义。利用南京信息工程大学C波段双偏振雷达(简称为NUIST C-Pol雷达)的回波强度Z,差分反射率因子ZDR、差分传播相位常数KDP、正交相关系数ρHV,研究融化层回波(即零度层亮带,简称亮带)敏感性及其对应水凝物微物理特征。根据NUIST C-Pol雷达2014年实测数据,分析亮带的偏振参数探测特性时发现相关系数最敏感,它比其他参量更早出现亮带特征;其次是差分反射率因子、差分传播相位常数,最后才在回波强度上看到明显的亮带。进一步地,探讨了亮带中相关系数的探测敏感性及其数值减小的机理。研究结果对于用双偏振雷达参数研究云降水物理特性具有理论和应用价值。     

中国首批双偏振天气雷达标定试验分析

中国很多新一代天气雷达正在或已经进行了双偏振升级改造,双偏振雷达将在未来业务应用中发挥极大的作用,而雷达标定的可靠性直接影响其应用效益。以中国首批业务化双偏振天气雷达(广州、阳江、韶关、梅州、厦门)开展双偏振技术试验的标定数据为研究对象,从机内标定、接收链路标定、全链路标定及旋转关节标定共4方面展开分析。结果表明:机内标定和接收链路标定基本满足技术要求,但部分雷达受到不定期的外界电磁干扰,影响了噪声系数的标定,需进一步净化电磁环境;全链路标定结果表明,5部雷达系统Z_(DR)误差分别为:-0.38、0、0.38、0.44、-1.38 dB,系统误差整体偏大,这与基层雷达台站缺乏实时有效的监测方法有关;旋转关节标定表明,由旋转关节引入的一致性偏差是动态变化的,具有不确定性,对差分反射率和差分传播相移的测量结果会造成一定程度的影响,随着旋转关节的磨损,需要对其影响进行长期跟踪检测。这些结果可为后续双偏振雷达升级改造、运行评估及制定双偏振雷达业务化标定流程提供科学依据。     

利用相控阵雷达对2020年5月闽南一次降雹过程分析

利用厦门翔安X波段相控阵雷达,结合厦门海沧S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达等多源观测资料,对2020年5月闽南沿海一次罕见大范围降雹过程进行了分析。研究表明,此次过程是一次发生在副高边缘暖湿气流控制下低层暖强迫型强对流,午后西南风超低空急流的建立极大改善了水汽及不稳定条件,地面冷锋入倒槽触发大范围强对流。相控阵雷达分析表明,降雹单体伴有低层钩状回波、有界弱回波区和回波悬垂。双偏振特征显示,冰雹的差分反射率因子(ZDR)与差分传播相移(KDP)在零值附近,相关系数(CC)低,有明显差ZDR柱。降雹阶段,强反射率因子迅速下降,ZDR柱消失,低层KDP与CC快速减小。相较于传统双偏振雷达,相控阵雷达时空分辨率高,可以更快捕捉到强对流单体云微物理特征变化,为冰雹预报预警业务提供参考。     

天气雷达I/Q信号仿真建模及统计验证

基于天气雷达发射脉冲的时间自相关特性,采用大气分层模型,建立天气雷达发射端到接收端的I/Q信号仿真算法;并通过统计分析,对算法可靠性进行验证。研究结果表明仿真得到的I/Q信号均符合高斯随机分布,回波功率符合指数分布,与天气雷达真实回波信号统计特性一致;同时以南京大学的C波段双偏振天气雷达的真实弱降水回波数据为基础,进行仿真回波数据与真实数据对比分析。统计结果表明相似的参数设定下,仿真回波信号的反射率因子和速度的标准差与真实信号的统计特性基本一致;且与理论公式结果基本吻合。     

闽南一次超级单体风暴双偏振特征分析

利用厦门S波段双偏振雷达和常规观测资料,对2019年5月16日闽南地区一次超级单体风暴进行了分析。研究表明,此次过程发生在高空冷槽入侵副高外围,地面暖倒槽内东南、西南两支气流交汇的形势下。成熟阶段超级单体伴有钩状回波、左前侧入流与右前侧出流V型缺口,弱中气旋,以及明显的有界弱回波区和回波悬垂。偏振观测表明,冰雹的水平反射率因子大、差分反射率因子与差分传播相移在零值附近,相关系数低(0. 85～0. 9)。风暴前侧下沉气流东边界(水平反射率因子梯度高值区)存在一条浅薄的差分反射率因子弧,主要由大雨滴构成,对超级单体的形成具有一定预示性,而前侧入流缺口存在差分反射率因子柱,可用于指示强上升气流的位置。三体散射回波的双偏特征表现为相关系数的低值区,及靠近强回波一侧差分反射率因子大值区与远离强回波一侧差分反射率因子低值区。     

郑州“7·20”极端暴雨的双偏振雷达回波与风场特征分析

为了细致地了解郑州极端暴雨的雷达回波特征与内部动力特征间的联系,本文利用地面自动站、探空、欧洲中期再分析资料以及双偏振雷达,分析了中尺度对流系统发展和成熟阶段的回波和雷达反演的风场结构,揭示了对流系统内粒子相态特征,动力特征等宏微观特征。本文主要研究结果如下：1）反射率因子特征为南北向的带状区域逐渐汇集为团状;径向速度特征为低层辐合和风向随高度顺转的强垂直风切变;2）基于雷达偏振量的分析,给出了对流系统局部结构,进一步的研究表明：差分反射率狭窄的强弧状区域,可有效地指示对流系统内的强上升运动,其为极端降水系统的持续性发展提供了动力强迫;3）剖面上差分反射率柱与差分相位常数柱在空间分布上呈现出分离现象,两者体现出对流系统内的强上升运动,为暴雨的发展与增强提供了强有力的支持。     

雷达定量估测降水量中双偏振参量的算法

双偏振多普勒雷达相较于业务广泛使用的单偏振雷达,可以获得水凝物相态等方面的信息,为短临预报、云降水物理研究及定量测量降水量提供了更多依据。为探索上海WSR-88D双偏振雷达资料在定量降水估测中的改进作用,引入双偏振参量水平反射率因子Z_h、差分反射率因子Z_(dr)、差分传播相移率K_(dp)等,与自动站雨量观测数据进行比较,分别试验了R(K_(dp))、R(K_(dp),Z_(dr))、R(Z_h,Z_(dr))三种算法,进行了单站和面上的Z-R关系定量估测降水量试验。研究表明:在单站试验中,得到的估计值与R(K_(dp))的结果基本一致,与此次降水中闵行站的反射率因子Z和差分传播相移率K_(dp)一直较大有关,但从总体趋势上来看,与雨量计数据相比,这三种算法仍存在降水量估计不足的情况;进一步提出了多种Z-R关系综合算法,在对流降水试验中,计算的显著降水区域与实际观测结果基本对应,强降水中心在对流的发展阶段和成熟阶段皆有响应,在对流成熟阶段,强降水中心的降水估计与实际观测结果较接近,但是在对流发展阶段,强降水中心的降水存在高估,说明在35 dBZ以上的强回波区域,算法还有待改进,需进一步研究算法的本地化和降水类型细化。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.