鲷鱼鳞多肽的酶法制备及抗氧化活性研究

以鲷鱼鳞为原料,经物理方式处理后,采用单因素实验考察液料比、pH值、温度、酶底比及酶解时间对鲷鱼鳞酶解液水解度和DPPH自由基清除率的影响.结合响应面优化设计对酶解条件进行优化,结果在液料比为28∶1、酶底比7.0%、pH值7.3、50℃、酶解6 h条件下,所得酶解液水解度为10.35%,DPPH自由基清除率为82.33%.DPPH自由基清除、羟基自由基清除、还原力、金属螯合测试表明,酶解产物的抗氧化活性与浓度呈现剂量依赖性,具有抗氧化活性.分子量测定及氨基酸组成分析表明,酶解产物含有大量的寡肽,相对分子质量分布区间为180~1 000 u,其富含甘氨酸、丙氨酸、羟脯氨酸,且含有多种人体必需的氨基酸.     

花生分离蛋白复合酶水解工艺优化研究

探讨了超声波辅助前处理对花生分离蛋白复合酶解的影响,比较了碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等六种蛋白酶解物清除DPPH自由基的效果,确定碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶较佳的复合比例为8∶2.在此基础上,开展响应面优化试验,以DPPH自由基清除率和水解度为指标,探讨复合酶与风味蛋白酶酶解的较佳工艺参数,并分析DPPH清除率和水解度相关性.实验结果表明,复合蛋白酶制备花生分离蛋白抗氧化肽的较佳酶解工艺为pH 8.5,温度49.36℃,酶添加量(E/S,质量分数m/m)3.40%,酶解时间203.59 min.     

水解度对蚕蛹蛋白酶解物的物化特性和抗氧化能力的影响

对蛋白质进行适度酶解是改善动植物蛋白原料的物化性质和提高其生理活性的常用方法.研究了水解度对蚕蛹蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性等物化性质的影响,以及水解度对蚕蛹蛋白的还原力,对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力等抗氧化特性的影响.实验结果表明,蚕蛹蛋白经适度酶解后溶解性得到显著改善,且水解度越大溶解性越好.蚕蛹蛋白经酶解后乳化性与乳化稳定性均降低,但起泡性和起泡稳定性增强,水解度增至5%时,起泡性和起泡稳定性达到最高值,继续增大水解度,反而下降.蚕蛹蛋白经酶解后抗氧化性显著提高,水解度为5%时,还原力和对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力最高,水解度为15%时,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最高,继续增加水解度,抗氧化能力反而下降.这说明,对蛋白质原料进行酶解改性时,不能简单的追求高水解度,而应根据产品的要求控制合适的水解度,过度水解是无益的.     

木瓜蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白挤出物产物自由基清除活性评价

以豌豆蛋白为原料,经过挤压处理得到挤出物.利用木瓜蛋白酶对其进行酶解,通过响应曲面实验对酶解条件进行优化设计.对酶解产物的抗氧化性质进行研究,得出如下结论:木瓜蛋白酶酶解最佳条件为加酶量12.1%(E/S)、温度60.6℃、pH 6.50、底物质量浓度0.071g/mL.在此条件下,DPPH清除率、·OH清除率预测值分别为98.3%、84.7%.经验证,得到最佳DPPH清除率、·OH清除率分别为98.2±0.21%、84.5±0.15%,所建模型预测准确可靠,酶解产物抗氧化性高.     

海西黑枸杞多糖酶法提取工艺研究及其体外抗氧化性分析

以青海海西黑枸杞为原料,用酶法辅助提取其中的多糖。对比果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶的辅助提取效果,以料液比、加酶量、酶解时间和酶解温度为因素进行单因素实验,考察其对黑枸杞多糖提取率的影响,利用响应面法进一步优化黑枸杞多糖提取工艺参数,并对提取的多糖进行体外抗氧化性分析。结果表明:(1)果胶酶辅助提取黑枸杞多糖的效果最好,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶35(g∶mL)、加酶量0.02 g、酶解时间60 min、酶解温度30℃,提取率达到最大值26.60%,与模型方程理论预测值26.90%相对误差为1.12%;(2)海西黑枸杞多糖对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用。     

紫苏籽抗氧化肽的制备工艺研究

采用碱提酸沉法从紫苏籽粕中提取蛋白质,进行蛋白酶筛选,发现紫苏籽蛋白经碱性蛋白酶酶解后有最好的抗氧化活性和水解度(DH).在单因素试验的基础上,采取响应面分析方法,并建立数学模型,确定最佳酶解工艺.试验结果表明:各因素影响紫苏籽粗蛋白酶解液DPPH自由基清除率的主次顺序是:加酶量酶解时间pH值,最佳条件是:加酶量3 000 U·g~(-1),酶解时间5.00 h,pH值9.80,温度50℃,此时DPPH自由基清除率为73.64%,说明紫苏籽蛋白质酶解多肽拥有很高的抗氧化活性.     

双酶提取蒲公英根多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化性研究

以蒲公英根烘焙粉为原材料,研究了酶添加量、酶解温度和酶解时间在单酶和双酶协同酶解条件下对多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率的影响,并采用响应曲面法优化了酶解工艺参数。结果表明,单酶法提取1g蒲公英根多糖的适宜条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,纤维素酶酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1.0mL;木瓜蛋白酶酶解温度60℃、酶添加量2.0mL。双酶法多糖提取率高于单酶法,影响多糖得率的工艺因素主次顺序为酶解时间、酶解温度、酶添加量。适宜的多糖提取条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,木瓜蛋白酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量1.98mL,纤维素酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量0.99mL,55℃提取1.9h,此时多糖得率为32.97%±0.13%,DPPH 自由基清除率为92.31%±0.25%。烘焙和酶解工艺可提高蒲公英根多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率。     

蛋白酶水解骨素的对比及其优化研究

选取木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶分别对骨素进行酶解,对比了几种酶解液的苦味和水解度.结果表明:风味蛋白酶最适合酶解骨蛋白,其水解产物鲜味明显,无明显苦味;木瓜蛋白酶水解骨蛋白效果最差,其水解产物苦味最为明显;中性蛋白酶水解效果介于风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶之间.风味蛋白酶水解骨蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃,加酶量6 000 U/g底物蛋白,p H值为7.0,酶解时间2 h,料液比1∶5(g/m L),在此条件下其水解度可达34.80%.     

紫甘薯膳食纤维的提取及对自由基的清除作用

以紫甘薯为材料,设计4因素3水平的正交实验,酶法提取膳食纤维。结果表明紫甘薯粉中膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺参数为0.7%的混合酶(其中α-淀粉酶∶糖化酶为6∶1),酶解温度70℃,处理时间80min,0.6%蛋白酶。以体外实验研究不同质量浓度(20~140mg/mL)的膳食纤维鲜样对1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除效果。结果表明紫薯膳食纤维对DPPH O-2·、·OH都有明显的清除效果,在20~140mg/mL的膳食纤维的浓度范围内,其清除自由基的效果随着膳食纤维的浓度增大而增强,但当浓度增加到一定程度后,对DPPH、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力趋于平缓,对·OH的清除效果呈直线上升;其清除能力顺序为:DPPH自由基超氧阴离子自由基羟自由基。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒不同蛋白酶水解物的制备及抗氧化活性研究

【目的】研究尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒的不同蛋白酶水解产物的制备及抗氧化活性。【方法】分别用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解尖吻蝮蛇毒,以水解物的水解度、清除自由基活性、金属离子螯合能力和总还原力作为抗氧化活性比较指标来选出最佳水解蛋白酶,并比较该蛋白酶水解物在超滤后得到的不同分子量组分的抗氧化活性大小。【结果】碱性蛋白酶水解物的清除DPPH自由基活性、亚铁离子螯合能力和总还原力均为最佳;该酶解物经超滤得到的3个组分中,分子量为3～10kDa的组分对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力最强,分子量大于10kDa的组分的亚铁离子螯合能力和总还原力最强。【结论】尖吻蝮蛇毒的不同蛋白酶水解物均具有抗氧化活性,其中用碱性蛋白酶水解物抗氧化活性较强。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.