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1.
2003年4 ̄10月间,对山东省胶州湾内6个采样点,分4次采集的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum,进行了Pb、As、Cu、Cd、Hg及大肠菌群的调查分析,结果表明,重金属方面基本符合标准,但大肠菌群普遍超标。针对这一问题,提出应对超标的菲律宾蛤仔采取先净化后上市的措施,以提高菲律宾蛤仔的食用健康与安全。  相似文献   

2.
本文测定了北海市底播养殖的钝缀锦蛤的7种常见重金属(Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr)含量,通过计算其生物富集系数(Bioconcentration factor,BCF)发现,海水中的Cd极易在钝缀锦蛤体内富集.为了探究重金属Cd对钝缀锦蛤的生理影响,本研究采用实验生态学的方法研究了在不同质量浓度的含Cd(0 mg·L-1、0.025 mg·L-1、0.05 mg·L-1、0.15 mg·L-1、0.3 mg·L-1)海水中,钝缀锦蛤在不同暴露时间(1 d、4 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d)下其内脏团中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等酶指标的变化情况.结果表明:(1)经Cd胁迫后,钝缀锦蛤内脏团的SOD、GPX、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量随剂量增加和时间延长而上升到最高值,此后又逐步下降并趋于正常值;(2) Cd胁迫后,钝缀锦蛤的机体会产生氧化应激反应,而且它能通过调节自身酶活力的变化来减少胁...  相似文献   

3.
 日本笠藤壶是舟山群岛岩相潮间带的广布种,对重金属具有较强的富集能力,是生物监测海洋重金属污染的良好指示种。为了探讨舟山海域重金属的污染状况及其在海洋生物体内的富集规律,本文分析了该种对Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的富集能力。结果表明,日本笠藤壶体内Cu的含量显著高于Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量,且Pb和Hg富集量之间呈显著的正相关关系。根据日本笠藤壶体内积累的重金属总量,在本研究的7个样点中,岱山和小洋的日本笠藤壶受重金属污染程度高。与海洋贝类生物质量标准相比,除Pb和Hg超过各自的第二类标准值外,日本笠藤壶体内Cu、Cd、Cr和As含量都没有超过各自的第二类标准值,这表明目前舟山群岛海域日本笠藤壶受Pb和Hg的污染较为严重,受Cu、Cr、Cd、As的污染较轻。  相似文献   

4.
为探究广西主要贝类养殖区重金属含量的分布状况及污染水平,依据2016-2018年广西主要贝类养殖区的海水、表层沉积物及生物体中重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As)的调查分析数据,分别采用单因子污染指数(Pi)法、地积累指数(Igeo)法和生物富集系数(Bioconcentration Factors, BCF)对养殖区重金属进行污染评价。结果表明:海水中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,污染程度为Cu>Hg>Zn=Pb>Cd>As;沉积物中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,污染程度为As>Cd>Pb>Hg>Cu=Zn;近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)贝体中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Cd>As>Pb>Hg,污染程度为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Hg>As,生物富集能力为Zn>Cu>Cd&g...  相似文献   

5.
底播经济贝类对重金属的高富集能力与食品安全问题密切相关,本研究对北部湾重要经济贝类弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属污染指数、富集系数以及弓獭蛤对镉的生理响应进行探讨,为弓獭蛤的安全食用和底播经济贝类的安全养殖提供理论基础。研究测定北海市3处海域12个站位的海水和弓獭蛤中7种常见重金属Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr的含量,计算富集系数;对弓獭蛤进行不同浓度的Cd胁迫,检测弓獭蛤体内对Cd富集的组织-时间-剂量效应,同时检测其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随胁迫时间的变化情况。结果显示,弓獭蛤对Cd的富集系数在7种重金属中最高,个别站位的弓獭蛤Cd污染指数达到轻度污染水平。弓獭蛤不同组织中的Cd含量均和胁迫浓度、时间呈正相关关系,内脏团对Cd的富集能力最强。SOD、GPx、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量整体上呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势,但4种指标受应激影响的变化并不强烈,各浓度实验组和对照组之间的差异不显著。弓獭蛤对环境中的重金属Cd吸收能力极强,若海水中的Cd浓度增加,则易造成食品安全问题,应引起警醒。  相似文献   

6.
海洋贝类对重金属具有较高的吸收效率和同化率,体内能够吸收和富集较高浓度的重金属.近年来,随着养殖环境的不断恶化和污染,贝类中的重金属浓度呈现逐渐升高的趋势.贝类作为沿海人们的重要食品,其体内累积的金属可能会对人们的健康造成潜在威胁.该研究测定了兴化湾南岸滩涂养殖海域3种养殖贝类(菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏和鲍)体内4种重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd和As)的浓度以及生物可给性,并以此评价了贝类体内重金属的健康风险.4种金属的风险系数均小于1,表明这些生物体内4种金属的风险较小.As的风险系数为0.95,存在潜在风险,应当引起重视.  相似文献   

7.
采集钦州湾近岸海域8种底栖生物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定底栖生物体内重金属含量,分析评价底栖生物受重金属污染程度。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量从高到低为Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg,其中,软体动物:Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg;甲壳动物:Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Hg;鱼类:Zn〉As〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg。不同底栖生物对重金属的富集能力不同,同一种底栖生物对不同重金属的富集能力不同,从大到小为,软体动物:Cu〉Cd〉Cr〉Zn〉As〉Hg〉Pb;甲壳动物:Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉As〉Cr〉Hg〉Pb;鱼类:Cr〉As〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Hg〉Pb。钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物均未受到重金属污染,但是重金属积累严重,软体动物体内Cd和As超过了国家食品卫生标准值。  相似文献   

8.
长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
调查了2009年长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量,平均含量为Cu 27.88 mg/kg、Pb 22.98 mg/kg、Zn 95.88 mg/kg、Cd 0.178 mg/kg、Cr 41.01 mg/kg、Hg 0.031 mg/kg、As 11.40 mg/kg.空间分布上,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 6种重金属含量均在杭州湾北部及长江口南汇交界处呈现最大值,而Cr在调查海域的东部逐渐向近岸海域递减.运用主成分分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源,同时采用Hakanson指数法评价了沉积物重金属生态风险,结果显示:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属元素的潜在生态风险整体表现为轻微.7种重金属元素对长江口及邻近海域潜在生态综合危害的大小贡献顺序为:Cd>As>Hg>Cu=Pb>Cr>Zn.Cd的Eir值对RI值的权重贡献最大,即Cd表现为首要的潜在生态风险因子.  相似文献   

9.
通过对厦门沿海地区牡蛎、缢蛏、花蛤、毛蚶、文蛤等五种贝类中的Pb,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Cu含量的测定,对不同贝类中各重金属元素的含量进行了Pearson相关性分析,结果表明Pb与Cr之间存在显著意义的正相关(P0.05),相关系数为0.892,其它各元素间则没有显著的相关性,这将有助于进一步研究和追溯污染源。对厦门沿海地区养殖贝类受重金属的污染状况分析表明,As的污染指数已高于评价指标(GB2762—2012),花蛤和文蛤中Cr的污染指数也已高于评价指标,由此可见厦门沿海地区As、Cr的污染不容忽视。  相似文献   

10.
通过2012年对贵州盘县大气降尘样品逐月收集,并利用微波消解、ICP-MS对降尘中重金属元素(Al、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd、Hg)的含量进行测定,运用富集因子、相关性和主成分分析其来源与贡献。结果表明:盘县降尘重金属以Fe、Al为主,春季Fe含量最高为33784 mg/kg,其他依次为Zn〉Cu〉Mn〉Pb〉Ni〉Cr〉As〉Cd〉Hg。与贵州省土壤背景值相比,降尘中Zn、Cr、Pb的含量较低,Cd、Hg、Cu的含量较高。富集因子法表明:降尘中Hg富集程度较高,Cu、Mn、Ni、As、Cd、Zn、Pb有一定程度的富集,Fe、Cr属于自然源。通过相关性和主成分分析,认为Ni、Cu、As与燃煤相关,Pb、Hg与金属冶炼相关,Cr与地面扬尘相关,其贡献率分别为50.41%、28.86%、20.72%。与其他城市相比较,盘县降尘中Mn、Cr、Pb、Zn的含量偏低,As、Hg、Cd的含量偏高。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

15.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

16.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

17.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

18.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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