提高储层随机建模精度的地质约束原则

为了提高随机建模的精度 ,降低模拟实现中的不确定性 ,在建模过程中应采取以下地质约束原则 :等时约束建模 ,成因控制建模 ,多步建模 ,应用地质模式选择随机模拟方法 ,应用目标区多学科信息或原型模型确定统计特征参数 ,应用确定性信息限定随机模拟过程。在此基础上 ,提出了地质约束条件下的储层随机建模流程 ,并以长庆安塞油田坪桥水平井区储层随机建模为例 ,进一步阐述了地质约束随机建模的思路和方法     

多点地质统计学在秘鲁D油田地质建模中的应用

应用多点地质统计学和相控建模相结合的方法,以秘鲁D油田V层为例进行了地质条件约束下的地质建模研究。首先根据地质概念模型建立训练图像,然后应用多点地质统计学Snesim算法模拟沉积微相,最后在沉积微相控制下进行储层参数模拟。研究结果表明：多点地质统计学方法不仅忠实于井点数据,而且可以在使用的训练图像中加入地质概念,从而对随机模型进行地质约束;V层沉积微相随机模拟较好地再现了沉积微相的空间结构,其孔隙度模拟实现与相应沉积微相模型吻合较好,且沉积微相对储层参数的空间分布具有较大影响;多点地质统计学方法和相控建模的建模原则有助于从地质的角度对模型进行约束,促进概念模型向定量模型的转化,从而建立合理的反映地下实际情况的三维模型。     

基于动态资料约束的储层迭代建模研究

基于油藏地质建模和数值模拟技术,研究利用动态资料约束储层建模的新方法,并在埕岛油田馆上段南区进行实际应用。结果表明:提出的储层模型可靠性表征方法,以量化的形式可以准确地描述储层模型的整体和局部可靠性;通过动静态拟合矛盾的影响因素分析,采用排除法和迭代法,能够快速地找出造成储层模型不可靠的地质因素,从而约束、修正储层模型,实现了地质建模与数值模拟技术的相互渗透和有效融合,可以大幅度提高储层模型的可靠性。     

孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层地质建模探讨

以中东白垩系生物碎屑灰岩为例,基于多个油田的岩心资料、铸体薄片资料、分析化验资料及测井资料开展研究,从孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层特征入手,总结了孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层建模难点及建模方法。孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层成因要受沉积作用和成岩作用双重控制,构造作用影响弱,生物碎屑含量高;以铸模孔、生物体腔孔和残余体腔孔等次生孔隙为主;储层厚度大,垂向非均质性强。研究表明:孔隙型储层建模难点主要在构建储层格架模型、储层属性模型及建模约束方法三方面:物性隔夹层隐蔽性强,测井解释困难;贼层成因多样,静态资料难以识别;微裂缝随机展布,空间展布预测困难;复杂的孔渗关系制约了渗透率模型的建立;强烈的成岩改造降低了沉积相对储层物性的约束,不同类型储层地球物理响应区分性低,造成井间模拟约束效果差。孔隙型储层建模的方法主要有相控建模、成因建模和等时建模,其中相控建模中基于岩相的相控建模应用最为普遍。同时指出孔隙型储层建模存在问题和不足:建模方法和随机模拟算法比较局限;储层构型研究薄弱,地质知识库不健全;地震多级约束方法、虚拟井约束方法及水平井建模技术等研究不够深入;储层的穿时性和展布方向模糊化制约了变差函数分析的有效性。     

苏里格气田苏6加密井区有效储层地质建模

苏里格地区上古气藏有效储层以透镜状为主,空间展布复杂,非均质性强,地质建模难度大。以投产时间较长、地质认识程度较高的苏6加密井区为例,探索形成了一套适用于苏里格气田的动、静态双重约束的有效储层建模方法。首先,以精细沉积相研究为基础,采用确定+随机的沉积相建模思路,建立更能体现储层内部非均质性的沉积相模型,主要用于约束其展布范围及走向;其次,对加密区单井进行生产动态分析,根据单井泄流长度、宽度等分层设置有效储层展布范围,并对其在空间展布的不确定性进行分析;最后,在沉积相模型的控制下对有效储层进行随机模拟,从而实现对有效储层建模的动、静态双重约束。综合分析认为,该方法所建有效储层模型符合地质认识,并与动态分析的井间连通关系吻合,与常规有效储层建模方法相比,所建模型生产历史拟合的一次拟合成功率提高了43%。     

相控在储层地质建模中的应用——以安塞油田152区长2油层组为例

目的相控储层建模技术是当前提高地质建模精度、实用性很强的新技术,其关键是准确地建立储层沉积(微)相空间展布的数字模型,进而模拟储层属性参数的空间分布规律,为油藏数值模拟、剩余油预测研究打下坚实的基础.方法应用多参数协同、分层次约束的方法,从沉积(微)相形成与演化的成因角度建立沉积相带的地质模型,以沉积相带的时空间展布特征对安塞油田长2河流相储层建模过程进行了约束.结果通过相控技术得到的储层模型,能真实地反映储层的非均质特性和砂体的连通性,并能较准确地模拟地下含油气储层的属性分布规律,同时为油藏模拟、剩余油预测及挖潜调整提供了可靠的依据.     

界面约束法在曲流河储层构型建模中的应用

根据多级界面联合约束的确定性建模方法,应用钻井、地质、测井及生产动态数据,对大港油田某断块曲流河储层进行构型建模研究.首先在沉积微相模型的基础上利用点坝内部构型解剖结果,采用多级界面联合约束、界面间设定构型单元的方法建立储层结构模型,然后结合井点数据分析建立构型约束下的储层参数模型.结果表明:侧积层的间隔、倾角、倾向在其规模范围内有一定变化,在建模过程中需要利用井点数据计算修正;界面约束的建模方法能够很好地体现河道内部侧积夹层分布;储层构型约束下的属性建模是确定和随机相结合的建模方法,建立的模型能合理地反映油藏的实际情况.     

储层地质统计随机模拟

储层地质统计随机模拟是近几年发展起来的高新技术,其最为突出的优点是：可以实现油气储层的精细描述和建模,定量表征和刻画储集层各种尺度的非均质性;可用于定量研究储层描述的不确定性,进而研究油气勘探和开发的不确定性和投资风险;可以综合多种来源的信息和资料,并把它们统一在同一个定量模型之中。文中综合论述了储层地质统计随机模拟的意义、方法和技术及其在油气勘探与开发中的应用,并讨论了联合模拟多个变量以及综合多     

储层地质统计随机模拟

储层地质统计随机模拟是近几年发展起来的高新技术,其最为突出的优点是：可以实现油气储层的精细描述和建模,定量表征和刻画储集层各种尺度的非均质性;可用于定量研究储层描述的不确定性,进而研究油气勘探和开发的不确定性和投资风险;可以综合多种来源的信息和资料,并把它们统一在同一个定量模型之中。文中综合论述了储层地质统计随机模拟的意义、方法和技术及其在油气勘探与开发中的应用,并讨论了联合模拟多个变量以及综合多种来源的资料等问题,指出在我国发展储层随机模拟技术有重要的实践意义。     

储层地质随机建模方法研究

储层表征的重要内容是精细地质描述，储层地质随机建模对于科学的精细储层表征与描述具有很大的意义。目前已有的随机建模算法和商业软件可满足地质特征三维分布的图形要求，并可进行初步的井闯预测。在大量阅读国内外有关文献的基础上，详细综述了储集层随机建模技术的研究情况，该文简要介绍了储层地质随机建模方法基本原理，分析了随机建模常用的几种方法及其应用优势。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.