镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性的研究

采用TG-DTG技术对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应特征进行研究，以阐明镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性。结果表明，镁钙砂在碳酸化反应过程中主要是其中CaO发生碳酸化转变成CaCO3；镁钙砂中的MgO因其碳酸化温度较低仅发生轻微碳酸化。且反应产物MgCO3在400℃后即开始分解，所以不会对镁钙砂中CaO的碳酸化反应产生太大影响；镁钙砂中CaO碳酸化反应的最大转化速率出现在700℃附近，而镁钙砂显微结构的差异是造成其碳酸化反应程度远低于氧化钙粉末的主要原因。     

镁钙砂碳酸化反应机理研究

采用单一扫描速率（2℃/min）法对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究,为镁钙砂颗粒表面碳酸化改性反应动力学研究提供相关信息.研究结果表明,镁钙砂细粉碳酸化反应初期MgO的碳酸化和CaO碳酸化反应前期机理,可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式函数描述,后期（相对转化率大于33%～38%）则可用Jander或Ginstling-brounshtein三维扩散模式函数描述.同时,MgO碳酸化反应产生的体积效应导致CaO反应前期表观活化能大幅度降低.     

碳酸化养护钢渣混合水泥制备建材制品

采用碳酸化养护技术制备不同配比的钢渣/水泥混合建材制品。将原料混合加水均匀搅拌,在p=3 MPa下压制成型后,碳酸化养护14 h,养护温度T=74℃,p(CO2)=0.15 MPa。结果表明:碳酸化养护过程中试样表面生成较多的CaCO3颗粒状晶体;试样的碳酸化反应比水化反应更易于自发进行;CO2在水中的溶解过程是整个反应的控制步骤,主要矿物碳酸化反应自发进行的趋势顺序为C3SCaOC2SMgO。当m(钢渣)∶m(水泥)=3∶2时,试样S5的碳酸化增重率η为10.44%。制品在碳酸化养护2 h后,抗压强度为20.06 MPa,f-CaO的质量分数由3.25%降至0.34%,压蒸安定性合格。     

醋酸调质钙基吸收剂的循环碳酸化特性

提出了采用醋酸溶液调质石灰石和白云石的方法来提高它们在循环煅烧-碳酸化过反应过程中吸收CO2的能力.在不同反应条件下分别研究了石灰石和白云石的醋酸化产物醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁在循环煅烧-碳酸化过程中的碳酸化转化率.结果表明:碳酸化温度在600～700℃时,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁的转化率分别明显高于石灰石和白云石,经过15次循环和20次循环后其碳酸化转化率分别可达0.54和0.6.当煅烧温度从920℃增加到1 050℃时,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁转化率和抗烧结性能明显优于石灰石和白云石.随着碳酸化气氛中CO2浓度的增加,醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁转化率的增量小于石灰石和白云石.存在最佳的粒径范围使醋酸钙和醋酸钙镁的碳酸化能力最大.虽然醋酸钙镁的碳酸化转化率高于醋酸钙,但单位质量煅烧后的醋酸钙的CO2吸收量大于醋酸钙镁.     

白云石煅烧/加压碳酸化循环捕获CO2实验研究

在双固定床反应器系统上采用提高碳酸化反应压力的方法来改善白云石的CO2循环捕获性能.对白云石在不同碳酸化反应压力、温度、碳酸化气氛与煅烧气氛中CO2浓度以及颗粒粒径等条件下的循环碳酸化特性进行测试,并与石灰石的循环特性进行比较.结果表明,提高碳酸化反应压力有利于提高白云石的循环碳酸化转化率.反应压力一定,白云石的碳酸化转化率随碳酸化温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势.在700～750℃和0.5 MPa条件下,白云石获得较高的碳酸化转化率.白云石的加压循环碳酸化反应对一定的粒径范围和煅烧气氛具有较好的适应性.白云石的加压循环碳酸化性能较石灰石优越.     

冷黏成球密实时间对碳酸化钢渣球形骨料性能影响

以冷黏成球法制备的碳酸化钢渣球形骨料为研究对象,分析了密实时间对钢渣球形骨料性质及碳酸化反应程度的影响.测试了不同密实时间下球形骨料碳酸化前后的表观密度、吸水率及孔隙率的变化规律,通过XRD、TG-DTG、MIP等手段分析不同密实时间下球形骨料物相变化、碳酸化程度、孔结构的变化,结果表明:采用冷黏成球工艺制备钢渣球形骨料时,密实时间对钢渣球形骨料的表观密度影响很小,但球形骨料的吸水率随密实时间的增加下降明显.当密实时间从5 min增加到30 min时,碳酸化前后球形骨料的吸水率分别下降了29.5%和26.0%.钢渣球形骨料的强度主要来源于碳酸化反应,且球形骨料的碳酸化反应程度和强度随密实时间的增加而下降.碳酸化前吸水率为14.86%的球形骨料碳酸化后强度最高,为6.1 MPa,达到同等粒径天然碎石强度的41%.碳酸化的过程是由外向内进行的,球壳的碳酸化反应程度高于球心,且碳酸化前球壳越致密,球心的碳酸化反应程度越低.     

CaO再碳酸化的研究

建立了CaO再碳酸化的微粒模型，研究了CO2体积分数、反应温度等因素对反应的影响．研究表明，在本实验条件下，存在一个最佳再碳酸化温度(在680-7300℃之间)．当温度过高时，部分产物发生分解，气体通过产物层的扩散阻力随着温度的增加而变大，部分空隙的堵塞等原因造成反应的转化率反而减小．     

碳酸化时间对钢渣碳酸化的影响

对纯钢渣和钢渣混合矿渣两组试样在一定温度、压力、相对湿度和不同时间进行碳酸化养护处理,测试其抗压强度和压蒸安定性。结果表明:经过碳酸化养护反应后,试样中生成大量CaCO3晶体颗粒。随着碳酸化反应时间的延长,两组试样的碳酸化增重率与抗压强度呈现一致的上升趋势。纯钢渣试样的碳酸化反应主要集中于前210 min,在t=60 min时,碳酸化增重率η=9.65%,抗压强度pc=37.1 MPa;钢渣混合矿渣试样的碳酸化反应主要集中于前180 min。当满足压蒸安定性要求时,纯钢渣试样的碳酸化养护时间大于60 min,钢渣混合矿渣试样大于120 min。     

循环煅烧/碳酸化反应中CaO微观结构变迁特性

对CaO在循环反应中的碳酸化特性和微观结构变迁特性进行了研究.研究表明,CaO在700 ℃碳酸化时能取得最佳的CO2捕捉性能,高煅烧温度不利于CaO的碳酸化.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔隙由粗糙、具有网状连接和多孔的结构逐渐向平滑、孔间连接较差和较少孔的结构转变.CaO比表面积和比孔容均随循环次数增加而减小.前10次循环反应使CaO比表面积衰减迅速,此后变化缓慢.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔容和孔表面积分布均变差,CaO平均孔径逐渐增大.每次循环中,CaO中孔(2～50 nm)的孔表面积大于大孔(大于50 nm)的孔表面积.CaO碳酸化转化率随其比表面积和比孔容增加而增大,但当超过比表面积和比孔容的临界值后其转化率则可能减小.     

基于加速碳酸化法稳固化垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属实验研究

对垃圾焚烧飞灰(MSWI飞灰)与燃煤流化床锅炉飞灰(CFB飞灰)混合而成的混合飞灰中重金属进行加速碳酸化处理.研究不同碳酸化反应温度、碳酸化反应时间和初始液固比对混合飞灰中重金属铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)浸出特性的影响,考察不同加速碳酸化参数对CO_2的固定规律.结果表明:通过调节在混合飞灰碳酸化处理中的飞灰p H值及合成一定量的Friedel相、Ettringite相等自净化矿物可以降低重金属浸出浓度.在飞灰混合比为1∶1、碳酸化温度为20℃、碳酸化时间为0.5 h的条件下,当初始液固比为0.3 m L/g时,重金属Pb的浸出浓度为0.20 mg/L;当初始液固比为0.1 m L/g时,重金属Cd浸出浓度为0.11 mg/L,Pb和Cd的浸出浓度均达到了40 CFR261.24标准.在飞灰混合比为1∶1、反应温度为20℃、碳酸化时间为24 h、初始液固比为0.5 m L/g的条件下,单位质量飞灰可固定CO_2为43.6 mg/g.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.