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1.
磷钨杂多酸季铵盐催化合成二氧化双环戊二烯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以磷钨杂多酸季铵盐为催化剂,双氧水(H2O2)为氧源,催化氧化双环戊二烯(DCPD)制备了二氧化双环戊二烯。考察了催化剂(种类及用量)、反应溶剂、双氧水浓度、反应温度及反应时间等条件对环氧化反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:以1,2二氯乙烷为溶剂,十八烷基三甲基溴化铵磷钨杂多酸盐为催化剂,n(Cat):n(DCPD):n(H2O2)=2.86:1000:2600,ωH2O2=50%的H2O2为氧源,反应温度60℃,反应时间15h。在此条件下,反应物的转化率可达到99.99%,二氧化双环戊二烯的选择率达到97.47%。合成产物经色谱一质谱和。HNMR分析为目标产物二氧化双环戊二烯。  相似文献   

2.
夏君 《天津科技》2010,37(6):25-27
通过Diels-Alder加成反应,以双环戊二烯(DCPD)为原料,合成高密度燃料TCPD。并主要研究不同反应条件对TCPD合成的影响,考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应停留时间、溶液中DCPD浓度对反应的影响,找到较优的反应条件。  相似文献   

3.
催化裂化过程中生产的混合碳4(简称为C4)中含有50%左右的丁烯,是很好的制乙烯和丙烯,尤其是丙烯的原料。在固定床反应装置上对C4裂解制乙烯和丙烯过程中LXH—Ⅰ型催化剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,该催化剂具有较高的乙烯、丙烯选择性,反应中还可生成一部分含5个碳原子以上的烃。丁烯的转化率、乙烯和丙烯的收率在反应初期有所下降,随后分别稳定在58%,13%和40%左右。实验还表明,丁烯是先二聚然后裂解生成乙烯和丙烯的。  相似文献   

4.
C5馏分中环戊二烯和双环戊二烯的气相色谱分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用气相色谱仪对C5馏分中环戊二烯和双环戊二烯的含量进行了分析,研究表明,选用PEG-400/6201(80-100目)柱,可成功地将环戊二烯和双环戊二烯从C5馏分中的其它烃类分离出来,环戊二烯和双环戊二烯的含量分别为2.0%,20.5%(质量百分比),图谱中出峰数少且峰形好,检测方法简单,快速,重现性好,为C5馏分中环戊二烯和双环戊二烯的利用提供了一种可行,实用的原料分析方法。  相似文献   

5.
采用5%Pd/C作为转移氢催化剂,原料二氢枯茗酸为氢给予剂,以工业双戊烯作为氢接受剂和溶剂。合成了对异丙基苯甲酸.考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对反应的影响,确定了合成对异丙基苯甲酸的最佳反应条件:5%Pd/C用量为原料的5.3%(质量比)、反应时间20min、在回流温度下,对异丙基苯甲酸的收率可达90%.催化剂重复使用5次后活性是原来的89%.  相似文献   

6.
利用吗啉和碳酸二甲酯为原料研究N-甲基吗啉的合成.通过实验探索讨论了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度对收率的影响,并得出了最佳反应工艺条件为:物料配比n(C4H9NO):n(C3H6O3)=1:1.2,反应时间3h,反应温度100℃.在此条件下产物收率可达95%以上,纯度可达97.50%.实验结果表明:此方法具有原料价廉易得、反应条件温和、操作容易控制、不污染环境等优点,是一条简单易行的重要的绿色合成途径.  相似文献   

7.
以聚丙二醇(PPG)为原料,经氯磺酸磺化,再用氢氧化钠中和,得到Bola型阴离子表面活性剂聚丙二醇二硫酸盐.考察了反应物物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间等对转化率及产物的影响.确定了最佳反应条件为:n(HSO3Cl):n(PPG)=2.04:1,反应温度30℃,反应时间2.25h(其中滴液时间1.5h);中和反应的温度为50℃.在此反应条件下,醇转化率为94.60%,Bola型硫酸酯质量分数为82.35%.用IR、MS对此表面活性剂结构进行了表征,并测定了此表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶柬浓度ccmc.  相似文献   

8.
通过对石油烃类裂解制乙烯过程中的副产物-C5馏分与顺酐发生Diels-Alder反应制备降冰片烯二酸酐(以下简称降酐)的工艺条件研究,结果表明:将C5馏分原料分割成-50℃,-100℃,>100℃三种馏分,选择-100℃馏分作为洗液,>100℃馏分不经蒸馏作为反应溶剂,>100℃馏分经170℃高温解聚后作为反应原料,合成条件:顺酐、环戊二烯=1:1.2(摩尔比),温度40℃,反应时间3h,产品收率为85%左右(以顺酐汁)。本工艺所生产的降酐成本低,质量稳定,纯度高,无三废排放,对环境无污染。  相似文献   

9.
采用常压Kolbe-Schmitt反应制备2,6-二羟基对苯二甲酸,通过单因素实验研究了反应温度,反应时间,原料配比对收率的影响.在此基础上选择了反应温度,反应时间,原料配比进行L9(34)正交实验,得出最佳工艺条件是:反应温度为180—190℃,反应时间为4 h ,原料与甲酸钾的质量比为1∶4.36,收率为833.2%.其工艺具有操作简便,安全,环境友好的特点,适合于工业化.  相似文献   

10.
利用流化催化裂化汽油生产低碳烯烃联产高辛烷值汽油   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用流化催化裂化汽油生产低碳烯烃联产高辛烷值汽油可以在相对较温和的条件下进行。该方法可大幅度地提高丙烯、乙烯质量比,并在汽油烯烃含量降低的同时,提高汽油的辛烷值。以抚顺二厂流化催化裂化汽油为原料,在固定床微型反应装置上考察了反应条件和催化剂对反应的影响。结果表明,温度、油气与催化剂的接触时间及有无水蒸气参与都对乙烯、丙烯的生成有显著的影响。在适宜的反应条件下,使用适宜的催化剂能使乙烯加丙烯收率达到36%左右,并且H2 CH4 C2H6和焦炭的收率都很低。在烯烃含量降到10%左右时,汽油的研究法辛烷值和马达法辛烷值分别升高约5个百分点。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

16.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

17.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   

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