一水合草酸铵脱水的热分析动力学

利用2步法研究了一水合草酸铵脱水的热分析动力学三因子: (1) 通过迭代的方法或KAS法求出较为准确的反应的活化能Ea;(2) 结合Coats-Redfern 法与 Achar 法与所得活化能值比较进一步得出反应的最概然机理函数和指前因子A. 研究发现该反应的最概然机理函数为:f(α)=1或g(α)=α,此法所得的计算结果合理且具有很好的重现性.     

热分析动力学的多升温速率等温法及其应用

提出了多升温速率等温法确定热分析动力学可能的机理函数g(α);用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的活化能Ea;在Ea和g(α)的基础上计算出指前因子A.用该法对二水草酸镍(NiC2O4·2H2O)脱水反应的热分析动力学三因子进行了研究,得出Ea为96.55 kJ/mol;A为7.746×107～9.415×107s-1;其对应的机理函数为随机成核和随后生长(Avrami-Erofeer),调节函数Am,其积分形式g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/m和微分形式f(α)=m(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1-1/m,调节因子m=1.55～1.70.用该法求算动力学三因子,结果可靠,重现性较好,具有一定的可比性.     

不同制备方法的CuC2O4-ZnC2O4·2H2O的热行为和热分解动力学

应用DSC、热重分析技术对共沉淀和机械混合CuC2O4-ZnC2O4·2H2O(摩尔比1∶1)在N2气氛中的热行为、热分解过程和热分解动力学进行了研究,DSC和TG曲线表明,机械混合样品的热分解过程与单独的草酸盐基本一致,共沉淀样品的热分解过程则不同于单独的草酸盐.用KAS的等转化率法求出较为可靠的活化能Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法确定了2种样品热分解反应遵循的机理函数f(α),在Ea和f(α)的基础上计算出指前因子A.共沉淀样品中第2步、第3步热分解反应遵循的机理函数分别为R2和A2.机械混合样品中第2步、第3步热分解反应遵循的机理函数分别为2D和A2.     

碳酸钙热分解反应动力学的不同方法研究

因比较法和主曲线法在求算热分解动力学"三因子"时基本原理和处理方法不同,为此而探讨了2种方法处理的结果是否一致.利用热重分析(TGA)技术研究了碳酸钙热分解过程,通过这2种方法分别求算了碳酸钙热分解反应动力学"三因子".比较法结果:活化能Ea为174.00kJ·mol-1,指前因子A为9.63×106s-1,机理函数微分形式和积分形式分别为f(α)=2(1-α)1/2和g(α)=1-(1-α)1/2;主曲线法结果:活化能Eα=169.81 kJ/mol,指前因子A=3.84×106s-1,机理函数微分表达式为f(α)=2(1-α)1/1.57,积分表达式为g(α)=1-(1-α)1/1.57,2种方法所得结果基本吻合,说明这2种方法判定动力学"三因子"的一致性和可靠性.     

一种新的热分析动力学数据处理方法

提出了一种新的研究固相反应动力学和机理的新方法.该方法是在几条TA曲线上同一温度和同一转化率α处的数据进行动力学分析,从而获得动力学三因子(kinetic triplet),即活化能E、指前因子A、机理函数f(α).其优点是活化能与机理函数分别求取,而且确定机理函数时不受E值的影响,求E值时也不受机理函数的影响.     

镁钙砂表面碳酸化反应动力学计算中的数据处理

用数值分析法对镁钙砂碳酸化反应热重试验数据进行平滑处理,减小了因镁钙砂的显微结构特性导致的热重试验微商数据离散程度对动力学计算的影响,提高了线性拟合相关系数.用模式配合法确定了镁钙砂碳酸化反应动力学"三因子",结果表明:反应前期(α＜33%)表观活化能Ea为31.9 kJ/mol,指前因子A为0.23 s-1,最可几机理可用随机成核、随后生长模式函数Avrami-Erofeev方程描述,其微分表达式为n＝2的Avrami-Erofeev方程,f(α) =(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-1/2;反应后期 (α＞33%)表观活化能Ea为101.8 kJ/mol,指前因子A为6.4×102,最可几机理可用三维扩散模式函数D3描述,其微分表达式为Jander方程,f(α) = 3 (1-α)2/3/(2 (1-(1-α)1/3).     

多升温速率等温法的动力学分析在一水草酸钙脱水反应中的应用

用一种新的方法求算热分析动力学的三因子 :(1)用迭代的等转化率法求出较为可靠的 Ea;(2 )用多升温速率等温法判定出可能的机理函数 ,并在 Ea和的基础上计算出 A.用该法对一水草酸钙 (Ca C2 O4· H2 O)脱水反应的热分析动力学三因子进行研究 ,得出其对应的机理函数的方程为 ;f (a) =n(1-a) 1- 1/n;Ea为 82 .83 k J· mol- 1;A为 1.14 2× 10 5～ 1.2 3 5× 10 5s- 1     

替硝唑的非等温热分解动力学及热稳定性研究

报道了用热重法(TG)研究替硝唑（Tinidazole,TNZ）原药及片剂中替硝唑热分解非等温动力学以及药物的稳定性,并对用热重分析仪测定片剂含量的方法进行了探讨.推断出原药热分解过程为零级反应,其动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(Ea)/(RT),热分解反应活化能Ea为99.7kJmol-1,指前因子A为3.60×107s-1;片剂中替硝唑的热分解过程为三维扩散级反应,其动力学方程为dα/dt=Ae-(Ea)/(RT)3/2(1+α)2/3/［(1+α)1/3-1］,活化能Ea为105.1kJmol-1,指前因子A为1.08×106s-1.实验表明替硝唑原药具有较高的热解活化能,热稳定性较好;在片剂中热分解机理和分解活化能发生改变,说明赋形剂对药物的热稳定性有一定影响.根据得到的热分解反应的机理函数和动力学参数,得到片剂有效存贮期与贮存温度的关系曲线,估算出在室温（25℃）下,分解率为10%时药物的存贮期为26.7年,分解率为5%时所需要的时间约为6.9年.     

ZnC2O4·2H2O-NiC2O4·2H2O在空气中的热分解动力学

通过热重法(TG-DTG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了固态物质ZnC2O4·2H2O-NiC2O4·2H2O机械混合物(摩尔比3:2)在空气中热分解的过程.TG-DTG的曲线表明:其热分解过程TG曲线中4个明显的台阶与理论失重相吻合.XRD结果表明:样品在500℃煅烧生成为较好晶型的ZnO-NiO混合物.用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Ozawa法求取Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法判断出可能的机理函数.ZnC2O4和NiC2O4热分解的活化能分别为175.69～176.48 kJ/mol、220.28～200.93 kJ/mol,ZnC 2O4和NiC2O4分解反应过程可能遵循的机理函数微分形式分别为f(α)=3(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]2/3和f(α)=2(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]1/2;积分形式分别为g(α)=[-In(1-α)]1/3和g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/2,都属于随机成核和随后生长型机理函数(Avrami-Erofeer),Am,其调节因子m=3、2.     

非等温法研究Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O脱水反应的动力学

用非等温热重法研究了Ni(CH3COO)2*4H2O脱水反应的动力学方程和动力学参数,实验数据以Achar法、Coats-Redfern法、MKN法处理得到脱水反应的动力学方程为dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)(1-α),活化能为E=91.30 kJ/mol,指前因子lg(A/S-1)=10.37,对反应的动力学补偿效应方程进行了研究.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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