喷油压缩机卧式油气分离器特性的数值模拟及实验研究

在对油气分离器内气相流场模拟计算的基础上,采用随机轨道模型对不同直径油滴在分离器一次油分内的运动轨迹进行了模拟计算,并使用Malvern粒度分析仪对油分离器一次油分出口处的油滴直径分布特征进行了实验测量,同时对排气压力和喷油量变化对一次油分效率的影响进行了测量.结果表明:不同直径的油滴颗粒的运动轨迹差别较大,其分离时间和分离效率也截然不同,直径较大的颗粒较容易分离下来;油滴的入射位置对其运动轨迹及分离时间也有明显的影响.随喷油量的增加,油气混合物中大直径油滴增多,一次油分效率增高;一次油分效率随排气压力的升高先提高后降低,排气压力为0.65 MPa时,一次油分效率最高.模拟计算表明:此分离器一次油分能够完全分离的最小油滴直径为16μm;实测油气分离器出口处油滴的最大直径介于17.7～20.5μm之间,所占体积分数为0.2%.实验结果与数值计算结果基本吻合.     

井下旋流油气分离器流场数值模拟

鉴于现有油气分离器效率较低,为改善高含气井中井下多相混抽泵或电潜泵机组效率低下的问题,选择雷诺应力模型作为湍流模型,代数滑移混合模型作为多相流模型,对井下水力旋流油气分离器内的两相流场进行了数值模拟.通过数值计算得到了两相介质等浓度分布图和轴向速度矢量图,并将数值计算结果与同结构的水力旋流油气分离器样机的室内模拟试验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明,数值计算得到的各种图完全符合已知的旋流器流场分布规律.水力旋流器经过结构优化设计不仅可以进行井下油气分离,且分离效果较好,适用于较大流量和高含气率的油井条件.     

航空发动机滑油系统叶轮式通风器数值计算研究

通过数值计算方法,对航空发动机滑油系统叶轮式通风器进行两相流分离模拟研究.在两相流的计算中,对油气混合物选用欧拉-拉格朗日模型,湍流模型则选用k-ε模型.通过多种工况的计算,探讨了不同油气比、转速对通风器腔内流动、分离效率以及油滴最小分离直径的影响.结果显示,实验数据和计算结果符合较好,一定程度上揭示了叶轮式通风器内部流动分布和油滴运动规律及其分离机理.     

旋流分离器油水分离机理的数值分析

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)的数值方法研究旋流分离器内的速度场分布,空气柱的产生、发展过程以及油滴粒子的运动轨道,探讨油水旋流分离器的分离机理.模拟结果表明:油水旋流分离器内的流场是三维非对称分布的;空气柱的产生和发展是负压和对流传输共同作用的结果;油滴粒子在径向力、轴向力以及周围湍流脉动流场的共同作用下作随机运动,部分粒子由溢流管排出而得到分离;通过计算溢流管排出的油滴粒子数与进入旋流分离器的油滴粒子总数之比可得到油水旋流分离器的分离效率.模拟结果为进一步研究旋流器特性参数对分离效率的影响和旋流器的结构优化提供了参考.     

油气分离器内整流元件分离流场的数值模拟

为探讨分离器内整流元件的性能优劣,应用标准к-ε模型和多相混合模型,对油气分离器内整流元件分离流场进行了三维数值模拟.通过比较含有4种不同整流元件的分离器内部流场中速度矢量和各相体积分数分布,并与没有整流元件的分离流场进行对比,得到了不同构件的整流特性.研究结果表明,整流元件具有稳定流场、降低流速、抑制涡流的优点,其中田字型板整流元件效果最优,横向平行板次之,而同心圆筒板整流元件的整流效果较差.     

井下旋流油气分离器流场数值模拟

鉴于现有油气分离器效率较低,为改善高含气井中井下多相混抽泵或电潜泵机组效率低下的问题,选择雷诺应力模型作为湍流模型,代数滑移混合模型作为多相流模型,对井下水力旋流油气分离器内的两相流场进行了数值模拟。通过数值计算得到了两相介质等浓度分布图和轴向速度矢量图,并将数值计算结果与同结构的水力旋流油气分离器样机的室内模拟试验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,数值计算得到的各种图完全符合已知的旋流器流场分布规律。水力旋流器经过结构优化设计不仅可以进行井下油气分离,且分离效果较好,适用于较大流量和高含气率的油井条件。     

油气分离器内油滴轨迹的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究分离器内油滴的运动。单相流场采用各向异性的雷诺应力方程模型，气液两相流场采用相间耦合的DPM模型计算，用随机轨道模型对油滴的运动轨迹进行追踪。通过对油滴轨迹的分析，揭示了油滴在分离器中运动的物理机制。结果表明：油滴的轨迹受叶片数量、叶轮转速和油滴粒径的影响很大。     

油气分离器内油滴运动轨迹的数值模拟

在不考虑相间相互作用的条件下，气相采用RNG k-ε（重整化群）湍流模型，油滴相采用随机轨道模型，对油气分离器一次油分内的油气两相流动进行了数值模拟，揭示了油气分离器内的流动分布和油滴的运动轨迹及分离机理．计算结果表明：一次油分内的速度场分布不均匀，而且靠近挡板底面附近的气流速度很小，这样易使进入二次油分滤芯前较小的油滴分离；另外，不同粒径的油滴其运动轨迹差别很大，很明显，粒径大的油滴较容易分离；油滴入射的初始位置不同，其分离速度的差别较大，运动轨迹也明显不同．     

缝隙式排气管对旋风分离器的性能影响

为降低传统旋风分离器工作时排气管内气流高速旋转造成的大量能量损失,将Lapple型旋风分离器的排气管改进为缝隙式排气管,利用数值模拟和实验的方法分析了缝隙式排气管对旋风分离器的性能影响.采用RSM模型对气相流场的切向速度、静压、流动轨迹、湍流强度以及压降进行数值模拟,采用多相流模型中的DPM模型对分离器的分离效率和颗粒运动轨迹进行仿真分析.仿真分析结果与实验验证结果吻合度较好,有较高的预报精度.最终结果表明,缝隙式排气管可使传统旋风分离器的压降下降6.8%,分离效率提升5.5%;当排气管上缝隙长度或宽度增加至一定数值,分离器的分离效率达到最大.随着排气管上缝隙长度或宽度的增加,旋风分离器的分离效率逐渐趋于稳定,压降持续降低;排气管上的矩形缝隙可使排气管内产生旋进涡核(PVC)现象,随着缝隙长度的增加,旋进涡核现象有所减弱,缝隙宽度的变化对旋进涡核现象影响较小;缝隙式排气管可有效抑制普通排气管中心处回流区的产生,并使普通排气管底部以及外旋流的湍流强度降低,从而减少排气管底部的短路流,提高分离效率.通过观察不同颗粒粒径的电石渣颗粒的运动轨迹,可知Lapple型旋风分离器与新型旋风分离器内部流场呈现出有利于固体颗粒分离的组合涡结构,排气管结构的改变并未影响分离腔的原始涡流结构.     

重力式油气分离器内聚结元件分离流场的数值模拟

应用标准к-ε模型和多相混合模型,对重力式油气分离器内聚结元件分离流场进行了数值模拟,通过比较含有竖向平行板、蛇形相向、相背平行板和田字板4种不同聚结元件的分离器内部流场中速度矢量和各相体积分数分布,得到了不同构件的聚结特性.结果表明,聚结元件具有稳定流场,抑制涡流,对液滴进行有效聚结的优点,其中田字型板聚结元件效果最优,蛇形相向平行聚结板次之,而竖向平行板聚结元件的聚结效果最差.为分离器的设计提供了参考依据.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme