三重介质油藏水平井试井解释模型研究

孔、洞、缝三重介质油藏在碳酸盐岩储层中较为普遍。采用Warrant-Root的方法建立了三重介质油藏水平井渗流数学模型,并采用Lord Kelvin点源解、贝塞尔函数积分和泊松叠加公式等方法求解了各向异性无限大三重介质油藏水平井在拉氏空间中的无因次压力响应函数。通过计算得到了无因次压力和压力导数双对数理论图版,并在其基础上分析了三重介质油藏水平井渗流特征及其影响因素。     

2区复合油藏水平井试井模型与实例解释

目前关于复合油藏水平井不稳定试井理论与应用研究很少见,针对这一问题,建立了水平井2区复合油藏不稳定试井模型,研究了一种利用拉普拉斯变换、分离变量及特征函数与特征值法等现代数学分析方法对模型进行求解的新方法,获得了拉普拉斯空间中不稳定试井井底压力表达式。利用数值反演,编程绘制了标准的试井分析样版曲线,并分析了2区复合油藏井底压力动态响应特征。不同的外边界条件具有不同的外边界特征响应,对顶定压或底定压边界,压力导数曲线在早期迅速下掉,不能反映出2区复合油藏的复合特性。对顶、底均为封闭边界,样版曲线明显反映出油藏的2区复合特性。实例分析结果表明,该模型可以用于2区复合状油藏水平井的不稳定试井解释,为油田开发生产服务。     

多分支井渗流和不稳定压力特征分析

根据多分支井的非稳态渗流特点,建立了多分支井的非稳态渗流模型,利用单支水平井的压力分布叠加得到了多分支井的压力分布.采用井筒流动与油藏流入相互作用的耦合模型,得到各种多分支井压力不稳定动态曲线,并分析了其不稳定压力动态特征.通过对多分支井压力不稳定动态曲线特征分析划分出了不同多分支井的渗流特征段,这对于多分支井试井解释和油藏评价具有重要的意义.     

各向异性断块油藏油井压力特征分析

各向异性对断块油藏地层压力分布及油井井底压力有明显影响。针对无限大两夹角扇形断块油藏,建立了
考虑断层闭合的单相不稳定渗流模型,利用坐标变换及数值计算得到不同生产时间各向异性断块油藏地层压力及油
井井底压力,分析了不同生产时间、断层夹角和渗透率强度系数对地层压力及油井井底压力影响。通过分析得出：各
向异性油藏压降损失在方向上存在差异,地层压降更多发生在主渗透率方向上;断层夹角越小,断层边界对生产影响
越大,地层及油井井底压力值越低;油井井底压力随渗透率强度系数变化不呈现出单调变化关系,存在先减小后增大
趋势。     

不同完井方式下水平井不稳定产能研究

随着钻完井技术的发展,采用水平井开发底水油藏成为提高产量、降低成本的有效途径,但是在生产过程中也暴露出日益严重的问题,主要为含水上升快、无水采收期短、完井方式不适应开发的需要和产能预测不准确等。在总结水平井产能预测模型的基础上,采用井筒与油藏耦合作用下的水平井不稳定产能预测数学模型,借鉴Cinco H等人求解有限导流垂直裂缝压裂井压力动态的计算方法,建立产能预测计算模型。该模型考虑底水驱油藏水平井情况,通过对不同完井方式下的表皮系数分解计算,开展了不同完井方式下的产能预测研究,这些研究结果对水平井完井方式优选和水平井油藏工程研究具有重要的指导意义。     

分形油藏非牛顿幂律液的不稳定渗流

根据分形几何学并结合渗流力学,建立了无限圆柱对称有分形结构的油藏的单相微可压缩、具有起始压力梯度非牛顿幂律液径向流的解析压力不稳定模型,导出了描述分形油藏幂律流的新的偏微分方程。利用拉氏变换和格林函数,得出了分形油藏无限大地层中心一口井在定产量生产时及稳态和不稳态条件下的井底压力解和渐近解。     

低渗透油藏水平井流入动态及影响因素

对低渗透油藏渗流规律不符合达西定律,普遍存在启动压力的特点,建立了低渗透油藏水平井油气两相渗流的数学模型,为水平井流入动态关系（IPR）曲线在低渗透油藏的应用提供了理论依据;分析了启动压力梯度、边界压力、边界半径、直线段斜率和截距等因素对水平井IPR曲线的影响程度。研究表明：对于低渗透油藏,相同井底流压时,启动压力梯度越小,水平井产量越大;边界压力越大,水平井产量越大;边界半径越小,水平井产量越大;直线段斜率越大,水平井产量越大;直线段截距越大,水平井产量越大。     

分形油藏非牛顿幂律液的不稳定渗液

根据分形几何学并结合渗流力学,建立了无限圆柱对称有分形结构的油藏的单相微可压缩、具有起始压力梯度非牛顿幂律液径向流的解析压力不稳定模型,导出了描述分形油藏律流的新的偏微分方程。利用拉氏变换和格林函数,得出了分形油藏无限大地层中心一口井在定产量生产时及稳态和不稳态条件下的井底压力解和渐近解。     

低渗透油藏中水平井的非稳态产能研究

用水平井开发低渗透油藏可以建立有效的驱替压差,提高单井产能。正确预测低渗透油藏中水平井的产能对水平井的优化设计具有重要意义。针对低渗油藏的特征,考虑启动压力梯度,建立了低渗透油藏中水平井开发时的不稳定渗流数学模型,采用拉普拉斯变换及数值反演技术,得到低渗透油藏中水平井的非稳态产能,并分析了无因次井底压力和无因次产量的变化规律及影响因素。研究成果对低渗透油藏水平井的开发具有重要的指导意义。     

各向异性油藏水平井线性井网渗流场分析

为了直观地反映各向异性油藏水平井线性井网地层压力分布及流体运动轨迹的特点,建立了各向异性油藏水平井不稳定渗流的数学模型,利用源汇理论、Newman乘积法及压降叠加原理获得了各向异性油藏水平井井网不稳定渗流地层压力公式,给出了流线生成方法,研究了水平井线性井网渗流场分布规律。结果表明:储层各向异性和生产时间对水平井线性井网渗流场影响较大。在不同的各向异性强度下存在着不同的最佳井排距,使水驱波及效率和水平井的产能达到最大。生产时间越长,则压力传播范围越广,采出程度越高。利用本文方法产生的流场图能够为各向异性油藏水平井开发井网设计、剩余油分析及注入方案的优化提供科学依据。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。