深基坑开挖对周边地表沉降变形的影响

为有效控制基坑周边地表的沉降变形,应用弹塑性大变形理论与有限差分理论,对哈尔滨地区桩-锚支护形式下深基坑开挖引起的周边地表沉降进行了数值模拟,分析了开挖深度、锚杆层数、建筑物距离对基坑周边地表沉降变形的影响规律及基坑周边地表沉降变形的量化范围。结果表明,基坑周边地表的沉降量与沉降范围随锚杆层数的增加而减小;建筑物的存在不仅增大了地表的沉降量,而且使基坑周围地表的最大沉降区向基坑方向移动;当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.0倍基坑设计开挖深度时,建筑物距离对地表沉降变形的影响较明显;基坑开挖对周边地表的影响范围基本在与基坑边缘相距1.5倍基坑设计开挖深度范围之内。     

常州某地铁站基坑施工临近地面沉降规律研究

结合常州地铁1号线某地铁站监测数据,分析该地铁站深基坑变形规律,研究表明基坑开挖引起的地表变形总体呈凹槽形,可近似用多项式进行拟合;地表沉降最大值距离地下连续墙约0.5 H(H为基坑开挖深度);地面隆起出现在距离基坑断面较远处;基坑变形具有明显的时空效应;基坑最大沉降监测点历程曲线可以用函数进行拟合.研究成果可用于常州地区地铁站深基坑稳定性评估.     

建筑群内深基坑开挖的地表沉降特性数值模拟研究

建筑群内深基坑开挖造成的地表沉降问题是当前基坑计算理论研究的热点问题。采用因子变化法,利用FLAC3D对基坑开挖引起的坑外地表沉降进行了数值模拟研究,并分析参数灵敏度对坑外地表沉降的影响。研究表明:基坑周围建筑物的布置特征、建筑高度和建筑与基坑的距离对基坑外土体的沉降量影响较大,建筑的不均匀分布将增加基坑及周围沉降值;建筑物高度相同时,距离与沉降量成反比关系;当建筑物距离基坑边缘距离相同,建筑物的高度与基坑周围土体沉降量成正比关系;建筑物的高度比建筑物距离基坑边缘的距离对基坑周围土体沉降量的影响更大。     

基坑周边建筑物不均匀沉降变形的模拟分析

为解决基坑工程对周围建筑物产生影响的问题,应用弹塑性大变形理论对桩-锚支护形式下基坑开挖引起的周边建筑物不均匀沉降问题进行了模拟分析.分别研究了建筑物距基坑8.5、17.0、25.5和34.0 m时,锚杆层数、开挖深度等因素对周边建筑物不均匀沉降变形的影响.研究表明:当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.5H(H为基坑开挖深度)时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形受锚杆层数的影响较大,并随锚杆层数的增加而减小,当建筑物与基坑的距离大于1.5H时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形受锚杆层数的影响不大;一般地,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形随基坑开挖深度的增加呈现正-负-正的变化趋势,即出现了倾斜方向的变化;当基坑开挖深度大于临界开挖深度时,建筑物的不均匀沉降变形显著增大.     

地铁车站基坑开挖顺序对建筑物沉降影响

为研究地铁换乘站基坑开挖顺序对基坑阳角建筑物沉降的影响,基于昆明地铁文化宫站基坑实测数据,进行了FLAC3D数值仿真。对比深浅区域不同开挖顺序下建筑物沉降及围护墙体变形情况,发现靠近先开挖区域的建筑物沉降测点和墙体变形比后开挖区域的对应变形要大;与先后开挖区域距离相近的建筑物测点,其沉降受开挖顺序影响较小;位于基坑阳角的建筑物的沉降基本上都发生在最初的两个开挖步骤,且围护墙顶部水平位移主要与浅层土体的开挖时间有关。本文的研究成果对于基坑附件建筑物的保护具有一定参考价值。     

西安地铁某车站深基坑开挖变形特性分析

为了确保基坑开挖中周边环境的安全,以西安地铁某车站深基坑开挖为例,运用ABAQUS软件建立三维模型模拟开挖对周边地表沉降和围护结构变形的影响,重点研究开挖中周边地表的沉降分布规律和围护结构变形的规律,并与现场实际监测数据进行对比分析。结果表明：地表沉降的实测值比模拟计算值大,但变化趋势基本一致;在基坑开挖过程中,地表最大沉降位置距离基坑边缘约11 m处,最大值为3.298 mm;围护结构水平变形沿开挖深度的变化曲线呈抛物线形,最大水平位移位于基坑最大开挖深度的 1/2 处,最大水平位移为11.05 mm,距基坑长边边缘0~25 m及短边边边缘0~22 m范围内的地表沉降最大,施工监测中应重点关注。     

基坑周边建筑物沉降变形的影响因素

基坑开挖引起的周边建筑物沉降变形是多种因素耦合作用的结果,现有的计算理论很难对此作出全面、正确的解释.采用工程软件FLAC-2D对北京地区桩-锚支护形式下基坑开挖引起的周边建筑物沉降问题进行了模拟分析,得出了锚杆层数、开挖深度等因素对周边建筑物沉降变形影响的一些规律:当建筑物与基坑的距离小于1.5H时,建筑物的沉降量受锚杆层数的影响较大,并随锚杆层数的增加而减小;当建筑物与基坑的距离大于1.5H时,建筑物的沉降量受锚杆层数的影响不大.建筑物的沉降量随基坑开挖深度的增加而增加.当基坑开挖深度小于临界开挖深度时,建筑物沉降位移的变化率比较小,当基坑开挖深度大于临界开挖深度时,建筑物沉降位移显著增加.     

长江漫滩地区深大基坑开挖工程半逆作半顺作法研究

针对长江漫滩高承压水地基,以南京市某工字型地下6层地铁换乘站基坑为依托工程,采用FLAC3D三维有限差分软件,分别对半顺作半逆作开挖法和明挖顺作法进行数值模拟,分析了基坑开挖及降水的应力渗流耦合作用对周围地表沉降、连续墙侧移和支撑轴力的影响。结果表明:1)长江漫滩高承压水地基深基坑开挖工程,地表沉降值和连续墙变形值均较大;2)工字型深基坑开挖工程,地表沉降、连续墙侧移最大值出现在上下横边中点处;3)半顺作半逆作法的地表沉降、连续墙侧移、横向支撑轴力值均小于明挖顺作法,更有利于控制基坑侧壁变形,降低基坑开挖风险。     

上海软土地区深大基坑卸荷变形机制

通过室内K0试验和数值分析以及工程实测,并结合近年来上海软土地区深大基坑的工程实践,对深大基坑卸荷变形的影响因素和影响区域特性以及坑周的地表沉降机制进行了研究,对基坑卸荷变形的影响范围按变形特性进行分析和归纳.结果表明:上海软土深大基坑卸荷变形的影响深度范围为坑底以下2.5倍开挖深度;当基坑开挖宽度达到5倍开挖深度以上时,在围护结构底与影响深度范围内存在深层土体滑移带,坑外地表沉降影响范围扩大到3.5倍开挖深度以上,且地表最大沉降值是基坑侧向变形最大值的1～2倍;深大基坑与窄条基坑的变形特征有明显区别.针对深大基坑卸荷变形的特点,提出了减少和控制其卸荷变形的设计对策和工程措施,以保护周边设施和环境,为软土地区的深大基坑工程设计、施工提供借鉴和参考.     

地铁深基坑施工与邻近建筑的关联效应研究

目的研究地铁深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响,分析造成建筑物产生沉降的不同因素,为类似地铁深基坑工程与对建筑物的保护提供可靠指导.方法以岩土数字软件MIDAS GTS NX为基础,结合沈阳地铁十号线北大营街站深基坑工程,建立土体与基坑围护结构相互作用的三维整体计算模型,并将数值模拟值与实测数据进行比较,检验模型的适用性;根据模型分析有哪些因素在基坑开挖时对建筑物变形有影响.结果距基坑边缘距离以及围护桩埋深度对建筑物沉降有较大影响,建筑物边缘距基坑边缘的距离为6 m时,基坑较为安全;基坑围护桩埋入土深度为1.5倍的基坑开挖深度时,可以较好地抑制相邻建筑的变形,超过这个临界点时抑制作用明显减小.结论当类似工程如果建筑物距离基坑小于6 m时,可以提前采取一些加固措施,如设置隔断墙,在开挖前采取提高围护桩入土深度来减小基坑支护结构和邻近建筑物变形.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.