混合法炮集三维叠前深度偏移

混合法深度偏移是一种精度较高的偏移方法,它在频率空间域和频率波数域交替实现波场外推,具有适应横向变速和陡倾角的优点.Fourier有限差分法(FFD)是一种典型的混合法,但计算表明,该方法用于三维SEG/EAEG模型的叠前深度偏移时,由于速度的剧变,波场外推会产生不稳定现象,文中提出了一种新的三维混合法偏移,计算表明,该方法比Fourier有限差分法更加适应横向剧烈变速情况,没有不稳定现象.用该方法对SEG/EAEG模型的炮集数据进行了三维叠前深度偏移,取得了较精确的成像效果,该方法具有较大的实用价值.     

变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法

针对常规Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况,提出了变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法,从理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。为了进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性,对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将该方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验,与常规Rytov近似偏移方法相比较可明显看出,变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法的处理效果得到了改善,其处理横向速度变化的能力大大增强。     

变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法

针对常规Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况,提出了变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法,从理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。为了进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性,对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将该方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验,与常规Rytov近似偏移方法相比较可明显看出,变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法的处理效果得到了改善,其处理横向速度变化的能力大大增强。     

基于小波多分辨探地雷达三维正演模拟及偏移处理

通过对Maxwell方程进行离散化,导出DB2-MRTD算法的探地雷达3D差分公式,并开发探地雷达MRTD法正演程序,利用该程序对三维雷达模型进行正演模拟,得到其相应的正演合成三维剖视图及切片图;通过对这些模拟结果进行分析,验证MRTD法在探地雷达三维正演中的有效性;利用爆炸反射原理和浮动坐标变换,推导出三维探地雷达波动方程差分格式,并把波场外推矩阵在小波域进行求解,进而得到探地雷达小波域三维偏移算法及偏移处理程序,把该程序应用于正演结果中。对比偏移处理前、后的雷达资料发现,该三维偏移算法能使3D正演剖面中的反射波归位、绕射波收敛,极大地提高了雷达剖面的分辨率。     

三维各向异性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟

三维数值模拟是研究各向异性介质中复杂弹性波波场特征和传播规律的重要手段。根据Taylor展开式,推导出了交错网格一阶空间导数的任意偶数阶精度有限差分近似式和相应的差分系数计算式,给出了三维各向异性介质中弹性波一阶双曲型应力速度方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式和稳定性条件,并推导出了三维各向异性介质PML法吸收层边界条件公式和相应的交错网格差分格式。对方位各向异性介质模型和正交各向异性介质模型中弹性波的传播进行的三维数值模拟结果表明,弹性波在三维各向异性介质中传播时存在拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波,并出现横波分裂、横波分裂盲区、波面三分叉等特殊现象,另外,弹性波场在空间是变化的,其拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波的耦合关系比较复杂。     

三维倾斜横向各向同性介质的统一表示和模拟

倾斜横向各向同性介质的对称轴与坐标轴有一定的旋转角度，不同的旋转方向其刚性矩阵有不同的形式．一般研究横向各向同性介质沿三个坐标轴方向旋转得到的倾斜横向各向同性介质，为了方便统一描述这类不同旋转方向的各向异性介质，提出了循环坐标系统的概念．在循环坐标系统下，容易实现各种倾斜横向各向同性介质公式的统一描述，运用到正演模拟中，可以用同一单斜介质系统的波动方程实现不同倾斜横向各向同性介质的模拟程序、最后，用三维交错网格有限差分模拟算法进行了方法的试验，结果成功地实现了三维倾斜横向各向同性介质的正演波动模拟，证实了上述概念的可行性．     

三维各向异性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟

三维数值模拟是研究各向异性介质中复杂弹性波波场特征和传播规律的重要手段。根据Taylor展开式，推导出了交错网格一阶空间导数的任意偶数阶精度有限差分近似式和相应的差分系数计算式，给出了三维各向异性介质中弹性波一阶双曲型应力-速度方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式和稳定性条件，并推导出了三维各向异性介质PML法吸收层边界条件公式和相应的交错网格差分格式。对方位各向异性介质模型和正交各向异性介质模型中弹性波的传播进行的三维数值模拟结果表明，弹性波在三维各向异性介质中传播时存在拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波，并出现横波分裂、横波分裂盲区、波面三分叉等特殊现象，另外，弹性波场在空间是变化的，其拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波的耦合关系比较复杂。     

基于波场分离的双相各向同性介质正演模拟

基于双相各向同性介质一阶速度-应力方程,利用旋度和散度理论的波场分离方法进行纵横波场解耦,借助高阶交错网格有限差分技术,推导出了其任意偶数阶精度交错网格有限差分格式,最后运用空间八阶时间二阶差分精度及PML边界条件,完成了双相各向同性介质中地震波场正演模拟。结果表明,该方法可准确获得双相各向同性介质固、流相中的高精度纯纵波波场和纯横波波场,有效描述双相各向同性介质中的波场传播规律。同时得出:双相各向同性介质中快、慢纵波相互耦合,无法单独分离;也指出了分界面处波的传播和转换关系,是油气勘探的重要理论依据。     

时域多分辨率法在探地雷达三维正演模拟中的应用

应用小波伽略金方法,对Maxwell的2个旋度方程进行离散化,导出DB2-MRTD算法的探地雷达3D差分公式、数值稳定性条件。在此基础上,开发探地雷达MRTD法正演模拟程序。所开发的对三维立方体小空洞体模型进行正演模拟。研究结果表明:采用该程序极大地提高了运算速度,改善了三维探地雷达正演方法;相应的正演合成三维剖视图及切片图指示了立方体小空洞体的雷达波空间的三维响应特征;模拟结果表明,采用时域多分辨率法可提高探地雷达探测的可靠性、准确度。     

任意偶数阶精度交错网格声波方程数值模拟

以波动理论为理论基础,利用泰勒级数展开推导出了一阶应力-速度声波方程组的空间任意偶数阶精度交错网格差分格式。选用衰减边界条件,进行了边界效果对比及差分精度选取测试。结果表明差分精度越高,频散越弱,数值模拟的效果越好。应用空间八阶、时间二阶精度差分格式,实现了各向同性介质模型的声波方程数值模拟。正演模拟结果可以清晰地反映出声波波场中波传播的运动学和动力学特征,可推广应用于三维声波高精度波场正演模拟中。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme