黑米色素的提取和稳定性的初步研究

黑米含有大量的天然黑（紫）色素，该文主要研究了该色素的提取方法及酸度、温度、光照等因素对其稳定性的影响。     

月见草花黄色素的稳定性测定

研究了光、热、酸、碱、氧化剂、还原剂、金属离子、蔗糖、Vc等添加剂对用95%乙醇浸提的月见草花黄色素溶液稳定性的影响,结果表明：该色素易溶于95%的乙醇、无水乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯等溶剂.对光、热、碱、氧化剂、金属离子（Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+）及添加剂有一定的稳定性,而对酸、还原剂的稳定性不太好,Cu2+和Fe3+对色素溶液有一定的影响.     

空心泡红色素的性质及其稳定性研究

对空心泡红色素的基本理化性质，以及光、温度、pH值、氧化还原介质、常用食品添加剂和6种金属离子等对其稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨。结果表明，空心泡红色素属水溶性花青苷类色素， 适于作天然食用着色剂。该色素对光和热的耐受性较好；适用pH值范围宽；色素的耐氧化和还原性较差；金属离子中Mn^2 和高质量浓度的Zn^2 、Cu^2 和Fe^3 等对其吸光度有明显不良影响，而常用食品添加剂（如葡萄糖、NaCl、苯甲酸钠等）、Mg^2 、Al^3 及低质量浓度的Zn^2 、Cu^2 和Fe^3 对色素稳定性无影响或影响甚微。     

低酚棉的丰产潜力与丰产性结构的研究

本文选用具有代表性的低酚棉丰产品种（无色素腺体）,有酚棉丰产品种（有色素腺体）以及低酚棉原始品种（无色素腺体源）,就产量水平、熟性以及产量构成因素间的差异进行了比较试验和分析．结果表明,无色素腺体源比有色素腺体品种的产量低且晚熟,但新育成的无色素腺体品种与有色素腺体品种的产量水平及熟性差异不显著．     

紫叶小檗叶红色素理化性质研究

本文对紫叶小檗叶红色素的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,该色素在酸性条件下具有一定的热稳定性,但光稳定性较差。常见金属离子（除Ｆｅ３＋外）对色素没有明显影响。     

细胞色素b基因序列变异与东亚鲿科鱼类系统发育

采用PCR技术获得了中国（鱼尝）科鱼类线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因1138bp全序列.所得序列与GenBank中分布于日本、韩国和俄罗斯的（鱼尝）科2属9种鱼类同一基因序列排序,并选用鲇形目鲇科的大口鲇、钝头（鱼危）科的鳗尾（鱼央）和伦氏（鱼央）以及脂鲤目的断线脂鲤作外类群.分析了细胞色素b基因序列,计算了Kimura双因子遗传距离和（鱼尝）科鱼类线粒体DNA的进化速率,用最大简约法和邻接法构建了（鱼尝）科鱼类分子系统树,得出如下结论:(1)线粒体DNA序列分析显示所测定的鲇形目鱼类细胞色素b基因序列中,存在3bp的缺失;(2)系统发育分析显示（鱼尝）科构成一单系类群;（鱼艹）属为较为特化的属,拟（鱼尝）属为一明显的类群,而黄颡鱼属与（鱼危）属关系较为混乱;(3)东亚（鱼尝）科鱼类线粒体DNA的进化速率约为每百万年0.18%～0.30%.本文是中国鲇形目（鱼尝）科鱼类线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列的首次报道.     

培养彩色植物

准备空酸奶瓶2只、花朵（如石竹花）或茎叶类植物（如芹菜）、水、墨水或食用色素。     

香味彩色无尘粉笔制作

一般使用的粉笔粉尘较多，有害人体健康。本剂采用聚乙烯醇作为粉笔添加剂。可使粉笔书写时更加流畅、滑润，而且粉尘极少。1原料（1）硫酸钙：是粉笔的主要原料。（2）轻质碳酸钙：是粉笔的主要原料。（3）聚乙烯醇。（4）色素。（5）香精。工业和食品香精均可。（6）煤油。2配方（重量份）硫酸钙100，轻质碳酸钙100，聚乙烯醇0，9～1．0，色素0．5～10，香精适量，水150－200。煤油若干。3制备及使用方法（1）首先将硫酸钙和轻质碳酸钙研碎过SO目筛，进行混合，然后向混合粉中加入水，加入色浆（即色素溶于水的浆料），并加入适量香精，…     

乙醇对细胞色素c和脱辅基细胞色素c的结构转换影响

用紫外－可见吸收光谱,荧光光谱和圆二色谱对细胞色素c和脱辅基细胞色素c在不同的φ（乙醇）溶液中的结构进行了表征。结果表明,乙醇对细胞色素c的α－螺旋二级结构影响很小,而对血红素配位的影响十分明显,可导致血红素Fe-Met80配位键断裂,另一方面,乙醇对脱辅基细胞色素c有明显的结构转换诱导作用,在φ（C2H5OH）＝0．55（乙醇／水）溶液中,脱辅基细胞色素c的α－螺旋结构含量可以达到全蛋白的89％,研究结果表明：负电荷微环境的诱导对脱辅基细胞色素c的结构转换并不是必要的,改变溶剂与脱辅基细胞色素c之间的疏水和氢键相互作用力也可以诱导脱辅基细胞色素cα-螺旋的形成。     

东海原甲藻的培养及色素分离分析

以自行培养的赤潮藻东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu）为材料,采用薄层层析（TLC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对稳定生长的藻体色素进行了分离和分析．结果显示,东海原甲藻适宜生长于18—22℃,经活化、培养,一般于接种后的第4—5天进入稳定生长期．采用硅胶薄层层析方法（最适展层剂配比为石油醚：乙酸乙酯：乙醚：乙醇=20：6：3：2）从藻体色素抽提液中成功地分离到12条色素带,经颜色、极性、迁移率比对,以及荧光观察和吸收光谱分析,确定为1条Chla、1条ChlC2、1条β-胡萝卜素、1条去镁Chlα、1条多甲藻素以及硅甲藻黄素和硅藻黄素等其他4条叶黄素带,此外还有2—3条Chla或ChlC2衍生物带．进一步摸索了反相C18柱高效液相色谱（HPLC）分离东海原甲藻色素的条件,选用440nm波长检测,可得到至少30种组分．分离结果为进一步了解东海原甲藻的生长和光合特性以及赤潮研究提供了理论依据．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。