鲤鱼神经垂体的超微结构研究

经电子显微镜观察，提出鲤鱼神经垂体由有髓神经分泌纤维和三种无髓神经分泌纤维以及垂体细胞和毛细血管组成，神经分泌纤维与垂体细胞之间存在着突触联系，神经分泌纤维之间只有细胞间连接。在神经垂体组织中还存在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种结构与功能不同的垂体细胞，另外在血管间道内观察到了很少见的特殊空泡结构。     

赤点石斑鱼脑垂体超微结构的初步研究

 应用透射电镜技术观察不同时期的性成熟赤点石斑鱼（Epinephelus akaara）脑垂体的超微结构。结果表明,性成熟赤点石斑鱼脑垂体近椭圆形,由神经垂体和腺垂体两部分组成。神经垂体主要由神经纤维、脑垂体细胞和微血管组成。其中神经分泌纤维存在A(A1、A2)和B型神经分泌纤维。腺垂体中外侧部（PPD）腺细胞由嗜酸性的GH细胞和嗜碱性的TSH细胞及GTH细胞3类细胞构成。在不同的时期,GTH细胞内的分泌颗粒明显不同。     

中国对虾眼柄的神经分泌结构

研究了中国对虾眼柄神经分泌结构特征。眼柄神经分泌结构由神经分泌细胞和窦腺两部分组成。依据细胞及其核直径和细胞质特征等将神经分泌细胞分为６种类型,它们多以集群方式分布,少数则分布较为分散。窦腺位于眼柄视神经节内髓外侧,呈椭圆囊状。依据神经分泌细胞轴突末梢直径和其内颗粒特征将窦腺内轴突末梢分为４种类型。     

生殖期间鳜脑垂体的超微结构观察

对生殖期间鳜脑垂体的超微结构进行观察．脑垂体由神经垂体和腺垂体两部分组成．神经垂体组织中存在2种类型的脑垂体细胞,并可以区分A1、A2和B 3种类型的神经分泌纤维,其终端轴突中具有不同直径和形态的分泌颗粒;B型纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡．腺垂体由前外侧部、中外侧部和中间部构成,分布催乳激素分泌细胞、促肾上腺激素分泌细胞、生长激素分泌细胞、促甲状腺素分泌细胞、促性腺激素分泌细胞、促黑色素激素分泌细胞、PAS-高碘酸-雪夫反应细胞和一种非分泌细胞（星状细胞）类型．本文并讨论了繁殖季节排卵前后期鳜脑垂体的超微结构特点．     

三角鲂( Megalobrama terminalis) 脑垂体的超微结构

研究三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis）脑垂体的超微结构，脑垂体由神经垂体和腺垂体构成，神经垂体组织中存在A1、A2和B型神经分泌纤维和一种脑垂体细胞，腺垂体由促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞(ACTH)、催乳激素分泌细胞(PRL)、生长激素分泌细胞(GH)、促甲状腺激素分泌细胞(TSH)、促性腺激素分泌细胞(GTH)、促黑色素分泌细胞(MSH)、PAS-反应细胞和一种非分泌类型的星状细胞(SC)构成，并讨论三角鲂神经垂体和腺垂体的结构特点。     

鲇脑垂体发生形态学的光镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微观察

应用光镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜时鲇脑垂体发生形态学进行观察：鲇脑垂体由两个不同部位的胚胎细胞形成,原始口腔背壁外呸层分离出来的细胞构成腺垂体的前外侧部(RPD)和中外侧部(PPD),从间脑腹面漏斗体分离出来的细胞卡构成腺垂体中间部(PI)及神经垂体．3d龄仔鱼脑垂体的形态业已建成,属前后型．5d龄仔鱼脑垂体可区分出神经垂体及腺垂体,腺垂体可区分出RPD、PPD、和PI3个区域,并开始出现毛细血管．此时,PPD内的生长激素(GH)细胞已经分化．11d龄稚鱼脑垂体中除PPD内GH细胞已分化外,未见其它促激素分泌细胞分化．15d龄稚鱼脑垂体PPD内的促肾上腺皮质素(ACTH)细胞及催乳激素(PRL)细胞已分化．20d龄稚鱼脑垂体内各种激素分泌细胞完全分化．11d龄以前仔鱼脑垂体属前后型,15d龄和20d龄的稚鱼脑垂体内RPD、PPD和P13部分呈直状排列．性成熟鲇脑垂体结构旱背腹型．     

乌鳢尾部神经分泌系统组织化学和HRP法研究

采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法结合乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和单胺氧化酶(MAO)组化方法,对乌鳢尾部神经分沁系统进行了研究。结果如下: 1.在尾部脊髓中可以观察到一些HRP标记的神经分泌细胞和HRP标记末梢。有些标记末梢终止于脊髓中央管,少量终止于腹面脊膜。尾垂体中也有许多HRP标记末梢。2.神经分泌细胞细胞体中的HRP颗粒在电镜下呈圆形、短管状和哑铃状。3.神经分泌细胞体显示AChE活性,并定位于核膜、粗面内质网上。4.神经分泌细胞体周围尚显示MAO活性。     

瓦氏黄颡鱼脑垂体组织学和组织化学研究

对不同季节瓦氏黄颡鱼成鱼脑垂体进行组织学和组织化学研究.结果表明:瓦氏黄颡鱼脑垂体为背腹型腺体.神经垂体居中,前腺垂体位于垂体背面前部和后缘,由PRL细胞和ACTH细胞组成;中腺垂体位于垂体中部及背面后部,包括GH细胞、GTH细胞和TSH细胞,后腺垂体位于垂体腹面后方,组织学研究仅见一种分泌细胞.前腺垂体ACTH细胞形态、中腺垂体GTH细胞形态和数量在繁殖前后有明显变化,与生殖活动密切相关.     

滞育和非滞育棉铃虫脑的组织解剖学研究

滞育和非滞育棉铃虫在不同的发育阶段，脑的形态组织学结构存在着一定的差异，主要表现在：非滞育脑的神经纤维体发达，神经分泌细胞中的核较大，且细胞质中除了有线粒体外，还有大量的粗面内质网及游离的核糖体；而滞育脑的神经纤维体相对固缩、不发达，神经分泌细胞中核较小，细胞质中含有线粒体、光滑内质网和特有的脂滴，不具粗面内质网．这些证据表明滞育棉铃虫的脑活性相对较低．     

妊娠期及哺乳期小鼠第四脑室外侧隐窝室管膜超微结构的改变

观察妊娠期和哺乳期小鼠第四脑室外侧隐窝进行超微结构变化,探讨该部位室管膜及室管膜上结构与妊娠和哺乳功能的关系.该处室管膜细胞有旺盛的分泌现象,该现象与妊娠和哺乳周期密切相关.     

Evidence for opiate receptors on pituicytes

A hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal enkephalinergic pathway has been described and the pars nervosa of the rat pituitary contains enkephalin-like material which may coexist in vasopressin and oxytocin terminals. At the level of the pars nervosa itself, stereospecific opiate receptors with properties very similar to those of brain receptors have been described, and opiates have been shown to inhibit the release of both vasopressin and oxytocin. The location of the opiate receptors involved has been presumed to be pre-terminal on the neurosecretory fibres. Using an autoradiographic technique to visualize opiate receptors, however, we now report that destruction of the neurosecretory fibres following pituitary stalk section does not result in a significant change in the neural lobe opiate receptor population. This suggests that the opiate receptors within the neural lobe may be present on pituicytes rather than on neurosecretory fibres.     

Magnocellular axons in passage through the median eminence release vasopressin

Vasopressin (arginine vasopressin, AVP) is present in two types of nerve fibres in the median eminence (ME). First, it is found in nerve terminals that originate in the parvicellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and abut on the pericapillary space surrounding the fenestrated capillaries of the primary pituitary portal plexus in the external zone (EZ) of the ME. These neurones also synthesize corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which acts synergetically with vasopressin to stimulate release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary gland (see ref. 7). Second, vasopressinergic axons of the magnocellular neurosecretory system pass through the internal zone (IZ) of the ME to terminate in the neurohaemal contact zone of the neurohypophysis. The involvement of vasopressinergic magnocellular neurones in the control of ACTH secretion is much debated. Of particular interest in this context is the origin of the vasopressin found in pituitary portal blood. Although it has been demonstrated that vasopressin and CRF are present in the same neurosecretory granules of EZ fibres, parallel determinations of vasopressin and CRF in pituitary portal blood have shown alterations of the concentration of vasopressin without a concomitant change in that of CRF. Such a dissociation suggests that either differential release of vasopressin and CRF can occur from a single population of nerve endings, or there are fibres in the pituitary-stalk ME which release vasopressin but not CRF. Here we present evidence for the latter. Our results indicate that stimuli causing depolarization of the axonal membrane in vitro elicit release of vasopressin from nerve fibres in the external and internal zones of the ME.     

威廉环毛蚓Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen)神经内分泌系统的研究

以威廉环毛蚓为实验材料,对其神经内分泌系统的显微、亚显微结构及其对体表水交换的影响作了初步研究.通过大量的实验,说明在威廉环毛蚓的中枢神经系统中存在三种不同类型的细胞,即A、B和C三种细胞.A细胞数量最多,位于脑神经节、咽下神经节和腹神经索中.B细胞主要位于咽下神经节.C细胞主要位于咽下神经节和腹神经索中.神经内分泌活动与季节有关,A细胞和C细胞的分泌活动随季节变化而不同,B细胞的内分泌活动受季节的影响不大.蚯蚓体表的水交换受神经内分泌调控,这种因子仅存在于脑神经节内.     

Innervation of the ovary in amphioxus: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study

The distribution of unmyelinated nerve fiber in the ovary of amphioxus was found with transmission electron microscopic technique for the first time. The fiber is located under the ovary coat, and in close contact with it. There are two types of synaptic vesicles in the terminals of nerve fiber: one is durse-cored vesicle, the other is clear vesicle. In addition, the nerve terminals contact with follicle cells of ovary can be seen. Using immunohistochemical method. it is further demonstrated that the unmyelited nerve fiber nlay be a noradrenergic nerve fiber which is located on the ovary coat and follicle cell.     

Ependymal cells of chordate larvae are stem-like cells that form the adult nervous system

In ascidian tunicates, the metamorphic transition from larva to adult is accompanied by dynamic changes in the body plan. For instance, the central nervous system (CNS) is subjected to extensive rearrangement because its regulating larval organs are lost and new adult organs are created. To understand how the adult CNS is reconstructed, we traced the fate of larval CNS cells during ascidian metamorphosis by using transgenic animals and imaging technologies with photoconvertible fluorescent proteins. Here we show that most parts of the ascidian larval CNS, except for the tail nerve cord, are maintained during metamorphosis and recruited to form the adult CNS. We also show that most of the larval neurons disappear and only a subset of cholinergic motor neurons and glutamatergic neurons are retained. Finally, we demonstrate that ependymal cells of the larval CNS contribute to the construction of the adult CNS and that some differentiate into neurons in the adult CNS. An unexpected role of ependymal cells highlighted by this study is that they serve as neural stem-like cells to reconstruct the adult nervous network during chordate metamorphosis. Consequently, the plasticity of non-neuronal ependymal cells and neuronal cells in chordates should be re-examined by future studies.     

金丝雀发声和其它功能核团向原纹状体栎核的投射

用ＨＲＰ示踪方法研究金丝雀端脑原纹状体栎核的传入和传出投射，将ＨＲＰ微电泳入该核内，观察其顺、逆行记物的分布，结果表明，原纹状体栎核接受上纹状体腹侧尾核新纹状体前部巨细胞核外侧部、原纹状体带核及蓝斑核的优越性传入投射，由原纹状体栎核发出的纤维支配中脑丘间核背内侧部和大下神经气管鸣管部。