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1.
面对近年来新疆棉花膜下滴灌区日益严重的残膜污染及地下滴灌苗期灌水困难的实际,提出将无膜移栽与地下滴灌有机结合的棉花无膜移栽地下滴灌技术,为研究在干旱区采用此技术下棉花的耗水规律,进而验证该技术在新疆的可能性,进行了不同滴灌方式下棉花土壤水分变化盆栽试验,试验设5种处理:覆膜移栽地下滴灌(FT-SDI)、无膜移栽地下滴灌(NFT-SDI)、覆膜直播地下滴灌(FS—SDD、无膜移栽地表滴灌(NFT-DI)、覆膜直播地表滴灌(FS-DI)。结果表明:对于棉花全生育期土壤水分变化而言,NFT—DI处理最大,地下滴灌节水效果明显,FT—SDI处理最小,NFP—SDI处理仅次;移栽地下滴灌棉花整个生育期表层(0~30cm)土壤耗水量,无膜处理高于覆膜处理;苗期无膜移栽地下滴灌的耗水强度相对较大,灌水量也相应加大;在覆膜地下滴灌条件下,苗期移栽处理比直播处理耗水强度较小,耗水量也小,地下滴灌条件下,移栽相对直播更利于棉苗生长发育;无膜移栽地下滴灌棉花的花铃期灌水量小于膜下滴灌,土壤水分变化主要集中在30~80cm,全生育期土壤耗水量略高于覆膜地下滴灌,而均低于地表滴灌。这表明棉花无膜移栽地下滴灌技术既可充分发挥移栽和地下滴灌的优势,在干旱区完全可行并具有较好的应用前景,值得进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

2.
大田棉花膜下滴灌与沟灌的应用研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
介绍1998年4~9月在新疆石河子炮台土壤改良试验站进行的大田棉花膜下滴灌与沟灌应用推广的试验研究情况.研究结果表明:膜下滴灌棉花的经济产量和水分利用效率两项指标分别较沟灌棉花高出18.9%和143.7%;通过经济效益分析测算,膜下滴灌棉花较沟灌棉花增收节支8155元/hm^2,而且还具有一定的社会效益和生态效益.  相似文献   

3.
通过试验研究棉花膜下滴灌技术在下膜不同灌水处理对土壤水分的分布特点,盐分变化规律及对产量的影响,研究适宜的盐碱地滴灌灌溉技术。  相似文献   

4.
采用Surfer软件分析的方法,研究棉花膜下滴灌和膜下软管二种灌溉方式下磷在土壤中的分布特点以及棉花生长状况。结果表明,在土壤中下渗(0~30cm),膜下滴灌磷的浓度与膜下软管磷的浓度分别为25~30 mg/kg和22~26 mg/kg;膜下滴灌条件下磷在土壤中侧渗范围为0~10cm,磷的浓度为9~25mg/kg;膜下软管条件下磷在土壤中侧渗范围为0~20cm,磷的浓度为12~26mg/kg;棉花膜下滴灌平均单产(籽棉)比棉花膜下软管灌平均单产(籽棉)多127.5kg/666.7m2。膜下滴灌磷在土壤中分布集中,浓度相对较高,分布均匀,利于棉花根系的吸收,提高了磷的利用率;而膜下软管灌磷在土壤中分布分散,浓度较低,均匀性差,磷利用率较低。因此,棉花膜下滴灌磷的效果比棉花膜下软管磷的效果好,同时膜下滴灌磷通过随水施入土壤中可以满足棉花整个生育期需要。  相似文献   

5.
不同滴灌施肥方式对盐渍土棉花生长和氮素吸收的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
探讨不同氮肥滴灌施肥方式对盐渍土壤上棉花生长和氮素吸收的影响,对于膜下滴灌条件下盐渍土的合理利用和水肥管理有重要意义。在膜下滴灌条件下,进行了不同氮肥滴灌施肥方式和土壤盐度对棉花生长和氮素吸收影响的田间试验。试验结果表明:氮肥滴灌施肥方式和土壤盐度显著影响棉花的生物量和产量。氮肥在一次灌溉的前期施用的施肥方式可显著促进棉花生长,尤其可以显著提高结铃数,从而增加棉花的生物量和籽棉产量。棉花的氮素吸收受土壤盐度、施肥方式以及二者交互作用的影响显著。在土壤盐度较低条件下,氮肥在一次灌溉的前期施用的施肥方式可显著提高棉花的氮素吸收总量;而盐度较高时,氮肥在一次灌溉的中间施用的施肥方式则有助于促进棉花的氮素吸收。  相似文献   

6.
采用各种指标(作物长势、土壤水分、土壤肥力),对滴灌的灌水量进行控制,以实现精量灌溉,合理供肥,达到水肥运筹合理,棉花长势长相良好,高产丰收的水平。通过监控方式、监控指标对水肥进行有效的监控,达到滴灌地棉花水肥运筹模式在量化、细化的监控下正常运行。通过3年对九十团九连的滴灌棉花水肥监控研究与分析及推广中,体现了良好的经济效益,平均年增效益139.5万。  相似文献   

7.
对滴灌与沟灌两种不同灌水方式下棉蚜发生动态进行了系统调查,并研究了滴灌条件下不同灌水量以及同一灌水量不同灌水时期棉蚜的发生规律。结果表明:膜下滴灌条件下棉花蕾期棉蚜发生数量较常规灌水方式轻,花铃期以后差异不显著;滴灌条件下不同水量间棉蚜发生数量有差异,低水量有助于棉蚜发生,高水量不利于棉蚜发生;常规灌溉量条件下花蕾期提前灌水和推后灌水对棉蚜发生的影响不大。  相似文献   

8.
土壤水分运移曲线是模拟水分在土壤中运移的关键.基于水分运移RICHARDS方程的二维数值模型,采用MATLAB对膜下滴灌的点源和线源土壤水分运移过程进行数值模拟,以砂壤土的膜下滴灌为试验和仿真的对象,利用MATLAB中的PDE工具,对土壤水分运移过程进行数值模拟,得到滴灌条件下土壤水分的水平运移和垂直运移曲线,并将实测曲线和拟合曲线进行了比较,结果表明偏差较小.  相似文献   

9.
不同配方液体滴灌专用肥的肥效研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对膜下滴灌棉花施用3种配方液体滴灌专用肥进行肥效试验研究,结果表明:随水施用液体滴灌专用肥可有效促进棉花干物质积累,增加产量,提高肥料利用率。其中A型(N15.7%,P2O57.8%,K2O1.5%)液体滴灌专用肥适宜于砂质土棉田,B型((N18.9%,P2O54.7%,K2O1.4%)适合壤质土棉田施用,而C型(N20.6%,P2O53.1%,K2O1.3%)则在粘质土棉田施用效果较好。  相似文献   

10.
咸水滴灌对土壤盐分分布、棉花生长和产量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过大田试验研究了不同滴灌方式下利用咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布和棉花生长与产量的影响。研究表明,随着咸水浓度的增加,土壤含水量和土壤盐度升高。受到土壤水分分布和运移的影响,地下滴灌处理土壤盐分表聚程度较地表滴灌方式要轻;但在20~40cm出现了盐分累积现象,表明土壤盐分的运移和分布与滴灌的埋深密切相关。棉花干物质积累量随着灌溉水矿化度的升高而降低,棉花作为耐盐作物,利用3.62dS/m的微咸水进行灌溉,对棉花干物质积累量影响不大。6.71dS/m咸水灌溉处理的籽棉产量显著地低于0.33dS/m,而3.62dS/m咸水灌溉处理则对棉花产量影响并不显著,表明利用较低浓度的咸水对棉花进行灌溉,对棉花产量影响不大。  相似文献   

11.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

12.
AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

15.
Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with  相似文献   

16.
The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to  相似文献   

17.
18.
The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.  相似文献   

19.
R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).  相似文献   

20.
The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.  相似文献   

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