中国城市边缘区空间扩展及其景观生态变化相关性研究进展

城市边缘区作为连接城市与农村的过渡地带,其特殊的地理位置使得边缘区历来成为城市空间扩展中的热点地区.通过对城市边缘区概念、特征、空间扩展及其景观生态变化的研究现状分析,提出了控制城市蔓延的两种途径用来解决城市边缘空间变化所引起的景观生态变化问题.     

徐州市城市边缘区异速增长特征研究

近几年随着中国城市化的迅速发展,城市边缘区受到广泛的关注.但对城市边缘区的研究主要集中在城市边缘区的定性描述,而对边缘区的定量界定及增长驱动力研究较少.依据徐州市1987~2008年遥感图像,运用信息熵和异速增长模型对徐中城市边缘区形成机制进行了研究.结果表明:徐州市边缘区扩张具有方向性,1987~2003年城市边缘区的扩张方向为东南方向,2003~2008年主要为北方向和西北方;基于异速增长模型人口的增长方向与城市边缘区的扩展方向基本吻合,说明人口是推动城市边缘区扩张的一个主导因素;在徐州城市边缘区扩张过程中,增加的城市用地主要来自于灌溉水田和林地,但在不同的阶段有所差异.     

长三角城市群空间分区与城市边缘区的扩展特征分析

以中国长江三角洲城市群为研究区,选取全球人造不透水面、可见光红外成像辐射仪(VIIRS)夜间灯光、道路、人口等多源数据,从土地利用、人类活动、道路设施3个视角出发构建分区指标,基于人工神经网络对长三角城市群地域空间进行划分,并探讨城市边缘区的时空分异与扩展特征.结果表明:使用多源数据与人工神经网络方法识别城市边缘区具有可行性,空间分区的3个指标较为合理;使用自组织特征映射模型将长三角城市群分为城市核心区、城市边缘区、乡村地区3类;2012-2018年间城市边缘区占长三角城市群总面积的比例由7.82%增长至11.27%,年均空间扩展强度指数为7.35%,城市边缘区面积扩展呈现集聚特征,热点区主要位于江苏省大部及浙江省北部,冷点区则分布于安徽省大部和浙江省南部.     

海口市城市边缘区空间范围的识别研究

城市边缘区位于城市与乡村之间的过渡交接地带,是城市扩张的前沿,也是城乡建设中最具活力的地区.准确地识别城市边缘区,有助于从城乡对比的角度来衡量城市化程度及其对生态环境的影响,有利于推进城市规划学科的进展.以海口市遥感影像数据为基础,选用不透水面指数评价土地利用程度,然后运用最大熵阈值法进行图像分割,界定海口市城市边缘区内外边界,并对海口市城市边缘区空间范围进行具体识别.最后通过人口统计和归一化植被指数验证识别结果的准确性,并依据识别结果对海口市2009—2017年城市边缘区扩展状况及驱动因素进行分析研究.结果表明,海口城市边缘区扩展变化主要受到自然因素、交通和人口等因子的影响.将不透水面指数与最大熵阈值分割法相结合可以直接从遥感影像中识别出城市边缘区,这是后续对这一特殊区域特征进行研究的基础.对海口城市边缘区扩张研究,有助于促进海口市的城乡协调发展,其对海口市实现城市规划与管理的可持续发展和生态与环境的平衡发展具有重要意义.     

广州市城市边缘区时空演变特征分析

 利用基于多准则判断的城市边缘区界定法，对广州市1990、2000及2009年的城市边缘区时空演变特征进行分析，研究结果表明：①广州市发展模式已经从“单核心”扩展模式逐渐转变为“点-轴”扩展模式，最终将形成以“多核心”为典型特征的广州大都市区；②1990年初期，广州市处于城市化加速期，整体显得较为粗放、混乱、无序。2000年以后，广州市城市发展战略重心向南部移动；③城市空间扩张与破碎度变化规律具有同步性和相似性，城市核心区的破碎度变化幅度对城市化水平具有指示作用；④城市边缘区是一种极其敏感与不稳定的时空综合体。发展初期多表现为不连续的、破碎，进入发展后期，其空间形态变得连续、紧凑，这种从无序到有序的现象将伴随着城市边缘区发展的始终。研究结果可为城市战略发展规划及城乡一体化建设提供理论支持和合理化建议。
     

包头市城市地域扩展的动力机制分析与适宜方向评价

受不同驱动力影响，城市地域在不同方向上具有不同的增长潜力，在分析包头市自然、社会与经济特征和促使城市地域扩展的动力机制的基础上，运用模糊综合分析法，对包头市城市边缘地域不同方向的扩展性进行了适宜性评价。     

城市形态分形研究--以太原市为例

城市形态演变是城市化的重要特征之一,其过程表现为内部填充和外域推进两种地域扩展形式。本应用分形理论,对太原市城市边缘区近４０年的动态变化进行了尝试性的定量分析研究,揭示太原市在不同历史时期的城市地域扩展方式。     

城市规划边缘的“秩”与“序”——城市空间拓展的生态模式

在城市化进程中，城市延绵带、城市与城市之问地带的发展问题，不仅影响到城市空间拓展的形象，更影响到城市边缘区脆弱的生态环境。本文中，通过分析城市边缘区的“病态”，我们引入城市规划边缘的“秩”与“序”的概．念，并提出创建城市空间拓展的生态模式理念及实施策略。     

西安城市边缘带南段部分土地利用研究浅析

城市边缘地带是一个全新的地域组织单元,它的出现使城乡二元结构转化为三元结构。本文以西安城市边缘带南段部分为例,分析归纳该区域内土地利用现状、存在问题、造成原因等。并指出该区域土地达到可持续性利用目的应采取的措施。     

城市边缘区的界定方法研究——以西安为例

通过对国内外对城市边缘区的界定方法的分析，发现城市边缘区的界定方法已由过去定性的经验划定逐步走向了定量与定性方法相结合的模式。文章以西安地区2002年1：100000的遥感图像做成的假彩色合成影像图为计算依据，结合Matlab软件编制程序识别图像，运用“断裂点”法和“信息熵”法来进行运算处理，划定了西安城市边缘区的范围。尽管这两种方法都存在一定的主观经验判断的问题，但通过对西安城市边缘区划定的结果来看，两种方法可行性还是比较强的。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.