压电智能驱动器力学模型的建立及数值模拟

基于PZT逆压电效应和结构动力学波动原理,建立粘贴式PZT驱动器与主体结构耦合简化力学模型及数学模型;考虑粘结层阻尼效应,建立PZT驱动方程并求解输出力表达式,确定驱动器力学与电学特性的对应关系;通过胶层材料特性、传递的切应力及其厚度变化对PZT驱动性能的影响进行算例分析,拟合出胶层传递剪切力与胶层厚度关系曲线,证明了运用所建立的驱动模型能有效地模拟检测PZT的逆压电规律,可为利用压电智能驱动器控制工程结构检测提供理论依据.     

压电柔性臂的传感器/致动器优化配置与振动主动控制

以欧拉-伯努利(Euler-Bernoulli)悬臂梁为模型,对压电柔性臂系统的传感器/致动器的优化配置和振动主动控制问题进行推导,简化了智能压电柔性臂系统的动力学方程和压电传感/致动方程,并建立了系统状态空间表达式.从传感器/致动器对相应模态的贡献出发,给出一种考虑模态权重的目标函数,并采用遗传算法对同位配置时的传感器/致动器的优化配置进行研究.基于优化布局结果在柔性臂上黏贴压电致动器和传感器,建立模糊逻辑控制器,对柔性臂在自由衰减和持续激励的情况下分别进行振动主动控制实验.实验结果表明柔性臂在两种激励下的振动均得到到了有效抑制,所提出的优化配置方法和模糊控制策略是可行的.     

共振式压电驱动器分析及实验研究

推导了压电陶瓷等效刚度和驱动力的表达式.考虑胶层及预压弹簧的影响,将压电陶瓷简化为等效驱动力作用下的弹簧,设计了共振式压电驱动器.建立了共振式电驱动器的动力学模型,并进行了共振式压电驱动器原理性实验验证.实验与理论分析结果误差在10％以内,结果表明等效弹簧模型在低频范围内能够较为准确地模拟压电陶瓷的动力学特性.共振式压电驱动器可以显著放大压电陶瓷的位移,克服压电陶瓷输出位移小的缺点,有较为广阔的用途.     

检测高压油路压力的夹持式传感器

本文报道一种检测柴油机高压油路压力的夹持式压力传感装置,阐述了其主要参数选择的理论依据,并给出了实测油压波形.图1是夹持式压力传感器的结构简图.其工作原理是:当油管通入高压油时油管产生膨胀变形力,该力通过传力块传递到压电片上,压电片由于正压电效应而产生电荷,该电荷经处理后即可得出表示压力大小的电压信号.     

可控约束层阻尼

针对薄壁结构振动,提出了一种主、被动杂交控制的新方式———可控约束层阻尼,利用压电片的逆压电效应控制约束阻尼层的运动,增加系统的阻尼．根据弹性、粘弹性、压电材料的本构关系,建立了具有可控约束阻尼层梁的控制微分方程．脉冲、正弦两种形式载荷的数值模拟表明,这种可控约束层阻尼对振动的抑制有较好的效果,且结构简单,易于实现．     

基于板梁扭转振动控制阻尼的压电片拓扑形状设计

针对悬臂板扭转振动主动控制问题,研究了以扭转阻尼为目标的PZT压电片拓扑形状优化技术,给出了反馈控制阻尼系数及其灵敏度计算公式,并采用渐进结构优化设计思想对压电片的拓扑形状进行了优化设计.仿真和分析结果证明了压电片拓扑形状优化设计对抑制扭转振动的有效性.     

悬臂梁压电发电机的基频谐振频率与功率

为了消除悬臂梁振动压电发电机的Roundy理论模型因未考虑质量块长度而带来的误差,在考虑质量块长度的前提下,以质量块质心作用于悬臂梁处的挠度为自由度,建立了悬臂梁振动压电发电机的模型,并得到了基频谐振频率、输出电压和输出功率的理论表达式.数值仿真表明:当质量块长度与悬臂梁长度接近时,该模型与Roundy模型之间的偏差较...     

多点粘贴压电层合梁的数值模拟

文章从压电本构方程出发,借助Hamilton原理建立了压电层合结构的有限元方程,采用二维四结点四边形压电耦合单元,运用ANSYS/APDL语言编制了适用任意组压电片粘贴于智能结构表面的力-电多场有限元分析程序(MPFEMP);在验算退化模型正确的基础上,计算了由压电片、面层材料和主体材料粘贴而成的5层复合梁,提供了粘贴...     

压电智能结构的一类非线性控制器设计方法

根据重置微分方程理论,提出了压电智能结构的一类非线性振动控制器设计方法.通过模拟压电分流阻尼开关系统的作用效果,设计了一个满足Lyapunov稳定性的非线性控制器,建立了被控系统的动力学模型,研究了控制器的控制算法,模拟电路中电感、电阻的数值以及开关的作用仅仅作为数学表达式存在于控制器的设计中,克服了被动压电分流阻尼技术存在要求大物理电感的缺陷,同时提高了控制器的环境适应性.悬臂梁的数值仿真结果表明控制器不仅能够较好地控制被控目标模态,而且对其它模态也有一定的抑制效果.     

压电悬臂梁式微型电场传感器的设计与制备

提出并研制一种新型压电悬臂梁式微型电场传感器,该传感器是基于压电(PZT)薄膜驱动的悬臂梁式微型电场传感器;同时介绍了传感器的工作原理、结构设计、制作工艺以及初步测试结果。该微型电场传感器由多根压电悬臂梁构成,每根悬臂梁能同时具有屏蔽电场和感应电荷功能。对传感器感应电荷的能力进行了计算;并根据计算结果和工艺要求设计了传感器的参数。该微型电场传感器采用微加工技术制作,每根悬臂梁为多层复合结构(Al/Si3N4/Pt/PZT/Pt/Ti/Si O2/Si),其中PZT薄膜采用溶胶-凝胶法制备。测试结果证明,传感器具有良好的响应特性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the